Is the arid region of Asia wide? Characteristics of the climate in the arid regions of central Asia

The arid regions of Asia are widely distributed and mainly include:

1. East Asia: Northwest China: Taklamakan Desert;

2. South Asia: the junction of northwestern India and Pakistan: the Indian desert (Thar Desert);

3. Central Asia: Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan;

the central region of Uzbekistan;

a small part of the western part of Kazakhstan on the border with Russia and the east-central part of Kazakhstan;

4. West Asia: West Asia is dominated by tropical desert climate;

Most of Saudi Arabia: the Nefud Desert in the north and the Rub al-Khali Desert in the south.

Central, West and East Asian interiors are arid regions. Between the above humid monsoon regions and inland arid regions, as well as most of North Asia, semi-humid and semi-arid regions.

The arid zone of central Asia includes the arid zone of western China, the Mongolian plateau, the five countries of Central Asia, and the arid zone of Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. This region also constitutes the world's largest non-zonal arid zone, and is the core channel for the exchange of East Asian civilizations dominated by China and West Asian civilizations in the two river basins, forming the famous Silk Road in history.

It is generally divided into two climatic zones: one is arid temperate. 0 The accumulated temperature is 2100 4000, irrigation or dry farming crops once a year, and animal husbandry accounts for a large proportion; The second is the arid warm temperate zone.

The accumulated temperature of 0 is 4000 5700, irrigated agriculture can be double-cropped a year, and animal husbandry accounts for a certain proportion.

Climatic characteristics:1 Long sunshine and strong radiation. Solar radiation is generally 5400 6300 MJ (m2·year); There are generally 2,500 to 3,000 hours of sunshine throughout the year.

2 There is a large temperature difference between day and night. The accumulated temperature in the warm temperate zone is 4000 4500 during the 10 period, and the frost-free period is more than 200 220 days, and the crops can be doubled a year, and long-staple cotton can be planted, and melons and fruits are abundant. In other areas, the accumulated temperature is 1700 3500 in October, the frost-free period is 100 200 days, and the main crops are spring wheat, millet, millet, potatoes, flax, etc., which are ripe once a year.

3 Water scarcity is extreme. The annual precipitation is generally below 400 mm, which can barely carry out dry farming, but there are nine droughts in ten years, the yield is very unstable, and it is easy to form a serious desertification problem.

4. Wind energy resources are abundant. Windy weather is on the high side.

The areas with more severe drought are: inland areas such as the Tarim Basin and the Turpan Basin in Xinjiang, China. There are still so-called semi-arid areas, where precipitation is slightly greater than evaporation, such as Shaanxi, Gansu and most other areas. Arid zones are areas with scarce precipitation, high evaporation, and low runoff.

Arid zone refers to an area with an arid climate, accounting for about 30% of the land area, and its common characteristics are: low precipitation and high variability.

There is also a greater diurnal and annual temperature range than the general temperature, and the evaporation may be much greater than the amount of water in the fall, with more wind and sand, less cloud cover, and strong sunshine.

Water deficiency is the main restriction on plant growth, hence the spike. Due to the abundance of heat, it has the potential to become a high-yield area when irrigation water is used and fertilized.

The African continent is a dry continent with scarce precipitation, with one-third of the entire continent receiving less than 200 mm of annual precipitation; The desert areas in the north and south receive less than 100 mm of rain a year, and in some places it does not fall for many years. This is the reason why the continent has a dry climate, mainly due to its topography.

First, the African continent straddles both sides of the equator. The shape is wide in the north and narrow in the south, three-quarters of the whole continent is skillfully accumulated between the Tropic of Cancer, and the whole continent is controlled by the subtropical high pressure belt and the trade wind belt. Northeast Africa is also close to West Asia, and northeasterly winds from the Asian continent blow from the cooler high latitudes to the hotter lower latitudes in the trade winds. During the movement, the air temperature continues to rise, which improves the ability to contain water vapor, making it more difficult for water vapor to condense into water, so dry winds blow and there is less chance of precipitation.

Second, the Drakensian Mountains in southern Africa dominate the eastern part of the continent, creating a rain screen that places parts of southern Africa in the rain shadow zone, and the southeast trade winds blowing from the Indian Ocean can only affect a narrow strip along the southeast coast of the mountains.

Thirdly, although the African continent is surrounded by the ocean, its coastline is straight, and it lacks peninsulas and bays deep into the continent, and the high terrain and mountains that are close to the coast have weakened the influence of the ocean.

In addition, the hot climate is also a significant reason for the persistence of drought on the African continent. The average annual temperature in most places here is above 20. When the temperature is high, the evaporation is large, and the drier it is. Dry climates lead to desert expansion, which in turn deepens the dryness of the climate.

The Sahara Desert in the north of the African continent.

The Atacama Desert in central Chile has not seen a drop of water in 50 years.

Atacama Desert: between 18° 28° south latitude, about 1,100 kilometers long from north to south, and more than 100 kilometers wide from the coast to the eastern foothills. Under the combined influence of the subtropical high pressure zone downdraft, offshore winds and Peruvian cold current, this region has become one of the driest regions in the world, and has distinct uniqueness among the tropical arid climate types on the west coast of the continent, forming a longitudinal and narrow desert belt.

The climate is extremely arid, with little rain and fog; The relative humidity is high, up to more than 70; The annual rainfall is generally less than 50 mm, and less than 10 mm in the north, and the variability is very large; In some places, there has been no rain for many years.

extreme drought, partly due to a lot of fog and clouds from the Antarctic cold snap, but no rainfall; Part of the reason is that the Andes Mountains to the east act as a barrier to the moist air from the Amazon basin that can form rain clouds.

Most of Africa, such as the Sahara. And the whole Antarctic region, it rarely rains, and it snows when it does.

The Sahara Desert in the north of the African continent.

Because of its large area, it is not greatly affected by ocean currents, has little precipitation, and is close to the equator, so it is dry all year round and has a large amount of evaporation.

Moreover, the average annual temperature in some areas is above 20 degrees Celsius, and the climate is generally warm and hot, so it is called the "tropical continent". Africa is the driest continent in the world. In addition, Africa is also known as the "plateau continent" and the "rich continent".

Africa is also located in the tropics. So the arid areas of Africa are wide