Anyway, put my only 100 points on the 100 for non Hodgkin lymphoma 100

The pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma is not well understood, and may be related to factors such as immunodeficiency, recurrent infections, hereditary or acquired immune disorders, which lead to the absence or dysfunction of T suppressor cells and immune cells.

An abnormal proliferative reaction occurs, eventually leading to indefinite proliferation, leading to the onset of the disease.

Hodgkin lymphoma what

Hodgkin lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD), is a lymphatic system.

One of the malignant solid tumors. The main feature is that most patients are initially confined to a group of lymph nodes, and as the disease progresses, it gradually spreads to adjacent lymph nodes or lymphoid tissues, and can also be disseminated and invaded by lymphoid tissues and organs. The composition of tumor tissue is complex and often granulomas.

kind of change. Among them, the tumor cells are characteristic R-S (Reed-Sternberg) cells. The clinical experience changes greatly, and the condition may deteriorate or even the patient dies.

According to statistics, 60% and 80% of Hodgkin's lymphoma can be **, which is very significant and significant.

Hodgkin lymphoma symptoms

The clinical manifestations are varied, mainly determined by pathological classification, the location of the primary tumor and the organs involved, and the early or late stage of the disease. The earliest manifestations are mostly superficial lymph nodes with progressive enlargement, often lacking systemic symptoms and slow progression.

About 60% are primary in cervical lymph nodes.

Originates from the clavicle.

Less common, the superior, infragut, and inguinal lymph nodes are present. At first, the lymph nodes are soft, non-adherent, and non-tender. In later stages, it enlarges rapidly and can adhere to a large mass. It is characterized by the absence of inflammation of adjacent tissues and cannot be used to explain lymphadenopathy.

Causes. Enlarged lymph nodes can cause symptoms of local compression, such as mediastinal lymphadenopathy pressing the tracheobronchi, causing a dry cough. Unexplained abdominal pain can be due to swelling of the posterior peritoneal lymph nodes.

Hodgkin lymphoma**

The first treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma is chemotherapy.

mainly, radiotherapy.

Complementary-based joint programmes.

For advanced (, stage) Hodgkin lymphoma**: Combination chemotherapy is the main means of advanced (, stage) Hodgkin lymphoma. The commonly used combination chemotherapy regimen is ABVD, with complete response rates of 75% to 82%.

It usually takes a total of 6 to 8 cycles. The ** rate of patients in the stage is 50% to 70%. Massive or residual lesions should be treated with field radiotherapy.

Prevention of Hodgkin lymphoma

Prevention of Hodgkin lymphoma is currently focused on the various factors that may lead to malignant lymphoma. Loss of normal immune surveillance function is currently considered immunosuppressant.

The potential for oncogenic effects and the activity of the underlying virus and certain physical (eg, radiation), chemical (eg, antiepileptic drugs, adrenocorticotropic hormones.

Long-term application of the substance may lead to the proliferation of lymphatic reticular tissue, and eventually malignant lymphoma. Therefore, pay attention to personal and environmental hygiene, avoid drug abuse, and pay attention to personal protection when working in hazardous environments.

Overview: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is the only largest group of immune system tumors and is a heterologous malignant disease in a group of characteristic monoclonal extensions that have a common link between malignant B or T cells.

Chemistry**. 1.For low-grade malignant lymphoma, single or multi-agent chemotherapy, total body irradiation, or a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy** may be given, or preferably with combination chemotherapy followed by whole lymph node irradiation**. 2.

For moderate and high-grade malignant lymphomas, strong combination chemotherapy is given**, mainly including the following drugs, such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, methotrexate, bleomycin, podophylline, and cytarabine. 3.Attention should be paid to the central nervous system to give prophylactic medications.

Complication**.

1.Prompt diagnosis should be made for possible conditions such as mediastinal lesions (superior vena cava syndrome), gastrointestinal lesions (bleeding or perforation), and tumor lysis syndrome**. 2.

Significant immunodeficiency (eg, AIDS), multiple infections, and nodular lesions may affect the response of chemotherapy and cause chemotherapy to fail.

Prognosis 1More than 70% of patients with low-grade malignant lymphoma can be in remission for more than 4 years after the combination**, and by 8 years, most low-grade malignant lymphomas die from progressive lymphoma. 2.

After combination chemotherapy, 60% of patients with moderate and high-grade malignant lymphoma can be in remission for more than 4 years, and by 8 years, most patients still have disease-free survival.