What to do if you mistakenly enter mercury, and what happens when mercury meets water

After accidentally ingesting mercury, it is first recommended to drink more milk and egg whites. Because milk and egg whites protect the gastrointestinal mucosa and facilitate the excretion of mercury. In addition, if mercury is swallowed by mistake because of a broken thermometer, it should be protruded and rinsed with water, remembering not to use salt water, which can help increase mercury absorption.

If you have symptoms of mercury poisoning, such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, fever, red and swollen gums, erosion, loose teeth, foul mouth, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, etc., you should go to the hospital immediately. Gastric lavage, vomiting, and catharsis can be given**.

Mercury. It is a common name for mercury and belongs to the chemical element.

The distribution is very small, and it is commonly found in water, air, and soil. It is a silvery-white heavy liquid, strictly speaking, it is the only liquid metal that exists at room temperature and pressure. Mercury has a long history of use and is very versatile.

Mercury is insoluble in water, mercury is constantly evaporating in the air and will also evaporate in water, but mercury that is submerged in water will reduce the amount of evaporation if there is sulfur powder in the home.

Sprinkle a little mercury on it to neutralize the mercury toxicity, and at the same time, open the window for ventilation in time.

Chemical properties. Soluble in nitric acid.

and hot concentrated sulfuric acid, which form mercury nitrate and mercury sulfate, respectively, and mercury salts appear in excess of mercury. It can dissolve many metals and form alloys, which are called amalgam. Valency.

+1 and +2. Similar to silver, mercury can also be used with hydrogen sulfide in the air.

React. Mercury has a constant coefficient of bulk expansion, is less metally active than zinc and cadmium, and cannot displace hydrogen from acid solutions. In general, the valency of mercury compounds is +1 or +2, +4 valence.

The mercury compound of mercury is only mercury tetrafluoride, while the mercury compound of +3 valence is not present.

pharmachologic effect. 1.Mercury (mercury) compounds have disinfectant, laxative, and diuretic effects, and are now unused or rarely used.

Elemental mercury does not cause pharmacological effects, and the dissociated mercury ions can bind to the sparse group and interfere with the metabolism and function of cells. Elemental mercury is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but its surface can form oxides or sulfides when exposed to air, which can sometimes cause mild diarrhea and diuresis when swallowed. Most people who ingest mercury are asymptomatic, and mercury is excreted in the stool, a small number of people may have certain symptoms, and a very small number (allergic or other unknown causes) can cause immediate death.

2.Mercury is a protoplasmic poison that can bind to the sulfur group in the respiratory enzymes of pathogenic microorganisms and inhibit their vitality, and finally suffocate them to death.

3.Mercury is excreted mainly by the kidneys, followed by the large intestine.

When mercury meets water, it does not react with water and dissolves in water. Mercury is an unstable liquid metal that does not dissolve in water. Mercury can change from liquid to steam in the circulating air, and the mercury dissipates with the air.

Therefore, when there are mercury beads in the room, the window should be opened immediately for ventilation to allow the mercury beads to evaporate and dissipate, and it should not be scrubbed with a rag or mop, which can easily lead to pollution in other places or cause mercury poisoning in the mouth.

Immediate transport to the hospital and generous administration of milk to remove mercury as soon as possible.

Further information: Liquid mercury is generally non-toxic when ingested in trace amounts (some sources say it forms organic compounds in living organisms), but mercury vapor and mercury salts (with the exception of some very soluble such as mercury sulfide) are highly toxic and can cause brain and liver damage when taken orally, inhaled, or exposed. Alcohol is generally used instead of mercury in thermometers, and mercury is still used in thermometers used in the People's Republic of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan).

China plans to phase out the use of mercury thermometers by 2015.

After swallowing mercury, drink plenty of milk and egg whites first.

Milk and egg whites protect the gastrointestinal mucosa and facilitate the excretion of mercury.

Swallow mercury and rinse your mouth immediately with water, not salt water, as salt water can help increase mercury absorption.

If you experience dizziness, you should go to the hospital immediately.

Mercury can be excreted by gastric lavage, vomiting, and catharsis.

How to deal with mercury leaks:

1. Turn off all heating devices in the room, open the doors and windows for ventilation, and the indoor personnel exit the room.

2. The handling personnel should wear masks and gloves, and use paper tubes, tin foil, tape paper or moistened cotton swabs** into sealing bottles and seal them with water.

3. Because the toxicity of mercury has an incubation period of up to several decades, it cannot be collected and poured directly into the garbage bin or flushed into the sewer.

4. When the mercury droplets are scattered in the crevices or very small places, an appropriate amount of sulfur powder can be taken to cover, because the reaction of sulfur and mercury can produce mercury sulfide that is not easily soluble in water, and it can also be sprayed with 20% ferric chloride or 10% bleaching powder solution, and it can be retained for about half an hour. Immediately dispose of the mercury into the trash.

5. Fumigate the chamber several times with iodine vapor fumigation and bending until the cuprous iodide test paper does not change color.

6. If mercury is scattered on bedding and clothes, mercury droplets should be found as soon as possible, and treated according to the above methods, and the contaminated bedding and clothes should be fully dried in the sun.

Mercury is a highly volatile substance, and the evaporation rate of mercury varies depending on factors such as temperature ventilation and temperature. It is the only metal that exists in a liquid state at room temperature and pressure. Melting point, boiling point, density.

The cohesion is very strong, stable in the air, and mercury vapor evaporates at room temperature, and the vapor is highly toxic. Natural mercury is a mixture of seven isotopes of mercury. Mercury is slightly soluble in water, and its solubility increases in the presence of air.

Mercury treatment method:

You can use a moist cotton swab (a medical swab) or tape to collect the mercury that has been spilled on the ground, put it into a small bottle that can be sealed, such as a plastic bottle such as a beverage bottle, and add a small amount of water to the bottle, which can prevent the mercury from evaporating.

Special attention should be paid to the process of collecting limb burns, and the windows should be opened, good ventilation should be maintained, and hands should not come into contact with mercury as much as possible.

Mercury, also known as mercury, is not toxic to animals at low concentrations, but it can be enriched in animals, especially in marine fish enrichment is the most rapid and serious.

Acute inhalation of mercury vapor by respiratory tract is characterized by shortness of breath, cough, chills, fever, dyspnea, retrosternal pain, and pharyngeal edema.

Oral administration of soluble mercury salts can cause burning sensation in the oral mucosa, increased saliva, metallic odor in the mouth, retrosternal and epigastric pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, hematochezia, pharyngeal edema, and even asphyxia, peripheral circulatory failure, and necrotizing nephropathy.

Oral mercury poisoning needs to be carried out in a timely manner, mercury damage to the gastric mucosa in the early stage of poisoning is relatively slow, gastric lavage can be used with sodium bicarbonate solution to induce vomiting, which can alleviate the symptoms of poisoning. If the poisoning time is more than half an hour, gastric lavage with sodium bicarbonate should not be used to avoid gastric perforation.

Mercury and protein will combine into complex substances that are difficult to dissolve, therefore, mercury poisoning can be detoxified with protein foods, especially for oral mercury poisoning, after vomiting and gastric lavage, drinking a large amount of egg white, milk, soy milk, etc. can play a detoxification effect.

Mercury poisoning has damage to multiple organs of the human body at the same time, and it is necessary to seek medical attention after acute treatment and treat symptoms in the hospital**, so as to achieve timely rehydration, adjust the acid-base balance, electrolyte balance and alleviate endocrine disorders.

1.Replace mercury with non-toxic or low-toxic raw materials, such as replacing mercury meters with electronic meters and metal mercury thermometers with alcohol thermometers.

2.When smelting or pouring mercury, an exhaust hood or airtight device should be installed to prevent mercury vapor from escaping, and the mercury concentration in the air in the workshop should be measured regularly.

3.Mercury workers should have a physical examination once a year to find patients with mercury absorption and early mercury poisoning in time, so that they can be discharged as soon as possible, and mercury-containing waste gas, waste water, and waste residue should be discharged after treatment.

4.The treatment of mercury leakage in the household is: if there is still liquid, sulfur powder should be sprinkled on it and let it react; If it has been volatilized, pay attention to indoor ventilation and do not directly contact mercury with your hands to avoid allergies.