What are the organic things that make up life? What is the biological function of each?

There are four main categories of organic matter in living organisms:

Sugars, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

Sugar: An aldehyde or ketone defined as a polyhydroxy group, and its derivatives. According to the different positions of carbonyl carbon, it can be divided into two categories: ketose and aldose sugar, and monosaccharides can be divided into triose, butylose, pentose, hexose, heptose, etc. according to the different carbon-containing atoms.

Monosaccharides can be condensed into a series of polysaccharides with different degrees of polymerization through glycosidic bonding, and various sugars and their derivatives exist in organisms, from monosaccharides to polysaccharides.

Lipids: Organisms mainly include triacylglycerides, phospholipids, sphingolipids, etc. It is obtained by acylation of fatty acids and glycerol, glycerol derivatives, sphingamine, and monomeric molecules are also present in the body.

Protein: A polymer substance formed by the condensation of amino acids through peptide bonds. There are 20 kinds of common amino acids, 12 of which can be synthesized by the human body, and the other 8 cannot be synthesized and must be ingested from the outside world.

Nucleic acids: Macromolecules that biologically store genetic information. It is formed by the condensation of nucleotides by phosphodilipid bonds, including RNA and DNA, and the nucleotide is composed of phosphoric acid, pentose sugar (ribose RNA, deoxyribose DNA), nitrogenous bases.

In addition to the above categories of major biological macromolecules, there are also vitamins, antibiotics, steroids, terpenes, choline, and other organic substances.

Vitamins: Vitamin A is closely related to normal keratosis. When lacking, it is skin [8].

Dry skin, thickening of the corneum, and clogged pores with small horn plugs, which affect sebum secretion in severe cases. Therefore, people who are dry, rough, dull, scaly, and have small horn suppositories take vitamin A

There are benefits. Vitamin B6 is closely related to amino acid metabolism, can promote the absorption of amino acids and protein synthesis, is necessary for cell growth, also has an impact on fat metabolism, and is closely related to sebum secretion, so it is commonly used when scalp seborrhea and dandruff.

Vitamin C is known as the closest partner, it promotes the metabolism of tyrosine and tryptophan in amino acids, prolongs the life of the body, and is an essential component of the interstitial cells. Therefore, the integrity of the tissue, the maintenance of the normal permeability of blood vessels and the balance of pigment metabolism are inseparable from it.

Vitamin E is known for its anti-aging properties, promoting blood circulation and granulation tissue growth, smoothing hair, and smoothing wrinkles.

Vitamin K1 is an oil-soluble vitamin that improves dark circles caused by fatigue. It has been clinically found that the combination of vitamin A and vitamin K has significantly improved dark circles.

The organic substances that make up life are: sugars, lipids.

Proteins, nucleic acids.

Four categories, vitamins can also be added.

The function of sugars: mainly to provide energy.

Fats in lipids are energy reserves, and sterols play a regulatory role.

Protein is the most important organic substance, and its role is reflected in the composition of cells, regulation, immunity, transportation, catalysis, etc., and is an indispensable substance in life activities.

The role of nucleic acids is mainly to store and replicate genetic information.

Directs protein synthesis.

The role of vitamins is to participate in the composition of a variety of important substances in the body and participate in the regulation of life activities.

The molecules that make up life are water, inorganic salts, sugars, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Water: Mainly as a good solvent to ensure that water participates in various biochemical reactions At the same time, water in the body of organisms can also transport nutrients and metabolic wastes to various cells or excreted due to water molecules.

It has strong polarity and can dissociate many substances into ions, which is conducive to the chemical reaction in the body and the specific heat of water.

Large, evaporative heat and fluidity, so water plays a great role in maintaining the stability of the temperature of the organism Lubrication For plants, water can maintain the inherent posture of the plant and plays an important role in regulating the life activities of the organism.

Inorganic salts: are important components that make up protoplasm or make up certain structures of living organisms Participate in and regulate the metabolic activities of living organisms to maintain homeostasis in living organisms, including osmotic pressure.

Equilibrium, acidity equilibrium, and ionic equilibrium.

Carbohydrates: are the main energy and carbon source substances of living organisms It is related to the structure of living organisms It is the nutrient for storage It is the basis of cell communication and recognition It has a lubricating and protective effect.

Lipids: fats, substances that store energy in the body, reduce body heat loss, maintain a constant body temperature, reduce friction between internal organs and buffer external pressure Lipids, phospholipids.

It is an important component that makes up the cell membrane as well as the membrane structure of various organelles and sterols play an important regulatory role in maintaining the normal metabolism and reproductive processes of organisms.

Protein: It is an important component of the body's tissues, the content of protein in the human body accounts for 16-19% of body weight, and about 3% of protein is involved in the body's metabolism every day. 2.

It constitutes a variety of substances with important physiological roles in the body, such as: enzymes and hormones that have catalytic and regulatory effects in the metabolic process, and hemoglobin that transports oxygen.

and antibodies for immune action, etc.

Nucleic acids: the genetic material of all living things.

Biologists say: mainly water and some proteins.

Chemists say: Man is a carbohydrate-sensitive Sakura generation. Human beings are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Physicists say that human beings are creatures that can move freely by combining more than 300 bones and carrying rods.

I say that man is a creature that obtains the means of subsistence by his own labor and supports himself, and does not rob others of their property.

1) Polysaccharides. Starch: Made up of glucose.

Cellulose: Made up of glucose.

Glycogen: Composed of Portuguese and early grape sugars.

2) Protein: The bird is composed of amino acids.

3) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): made up of deoxynucleotides.

4) RNA (ribonucleic acid): composed of lotus pond nucleotides.

According to the available information, most scientists are relatively unanimous in their view that there are 28 essential elements for life, including hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, bromine, molybdenum, tin and iodine.

Boron is an essential element for the growth of some green plants and algae, while mammals do not need boron, so there are actually 27 essential elements for the human body. Among the 28 essential elements for life, they can be divided into macro elements (macro elements) and trace elements according to the content in the body.

What are the most important elements that make up a biological? （）

a.Magnesium phosphate, sulfur, sodium.

b.Sodium oxygen.

c.Sodium hydrocarbon, magnesium.

d.Carbon, hydroxide, nitrogen.

Correct Answer: Object disturbance shouts d

The origin of life is a long-term evolutionary process that began under primitive Earth conditions. Methane, ammonia, water vapor and other substances composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and other elements in the primitive atmosphere form many relatively simple organic matter related to life under the action of various rays and lightning factors of nature, and finally collect into the primitive ocean through lakes and rivers through the action of rain. In the primordial ocean, these organisms interacted with each other, and over an extremely long period of time, they formed more complex organic matter such as proteins and nucleic acids.

Later, these organic matter went through the drastic changes of various conditions in the primordial ocean, and gradually formed a primitive life form with a certain structure that can not only absorb external substances, but also eliminate its own waste, and have primitive metabolism and self-reproduction. Primitive life forms went through an extremely long process before they gradually evolved into the colorful biological world we see today.

Landlord. It's hard to say.

Anyway, you can think that organic matter is one of the basic conditions for the birth of life.

There is no unified standard for the definition of life.

Life formed by carbon-based (C-element nano-positive) as the most basic skeleton is collectively referred to as carbon-based life, and the basic substances of its composition are organic matter.

The life forms found today are all carbon-based.

Therefore, there is a saying that "there is no life without organic matter".

However, we cannot rule out the existence of silicon-based organisms (chemically si, in the same main group as carbon).

The previous statement that water and oxygen are necessary for the existence of life is also wrong today.

If life is self-replicating, then things like computer viruses can also be called life.

The definition of wisdom is even more vague.

We don't even know if the Turing test, which is now accepted, actually works.