What are the organic active substances What are the organic substances?

According to the production raw materials, granular activated carbon is divided into coconut shell granular activated carbon, coal-based granular activated carbon, and fruit shell granular activated carbon. Coconut shell granular activated carbon, coconut shell granular activated carbon is made of high-quality coconut shell as raw material and refined by a series of production processes. The appearance is black and granular, which has the advantages of developed voids, good adsorption performance, high strength, economy and durability.

The products are mainly used for purification, decolorization, dechlorination, deodorization, desiccant, catalytic carrier, etc. of drinking water, purified water, tap water, wine making, beverages, and industrial water. Fruit shell granular activated carbon, fruit shell granular activated carbon is made of peach shell, apricot shell and other kernel shells as raw materials, and is refined by a series of production processes. The appearance is black and granular, which has the advantages of developed voids, good adsorption performance, economy and durability.

The products are mainly used for boiler water in power plants, industrial water ,...

The so-called organic active substances refer to trace or small amounts of substances from organic life that have an impact on life phenomena.

Explanation 1. Organic active substances refer to organic active ingredients that have regulatory functions for human advanced life activities.

2. Broadly speaking, as long as it is a substance that has some kind of activity to an organic living organism, it can be called an organic active substance. In a narrow sense, it generally refers to substances with strong biological activity such as pharmacological or other physiological activity to humans and animals, killing or repelling activity to insects, and killing activity to weeds.

3. The so-called organic active substances refer to substances that have specific active functions for organic organisms.

4.They have a wide variety of sugars, lipids, protein polypeptides, sterols, alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils, and many more.

5. In food, especially plant food, there are many non-nutritive chemicals with anti-cancer and anti-mutagenic activities, which can also be called organic active substances. There are mainly polyphenols, indoles, sulfhydryl compounds, spices, plant pigments, terpenoids, porphyrins, protease inhibitors, flavonoids, and saponins.

Chloroform, gasoline, alcohol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, etc.

The common organic matter in life that is closely related to human beings mainly includes: sugar, protein, fat, etc., because they are the main nutrients we consume in food every day; Others are: plastic, nylon, rubber, cotton, paper, tobacco and alcohol, etc.

Organic matter is the material basis for the production of life, and all living organisms contain organic compounds, such as fats, amino acids, proteins, sugars, heme, chlorophyll, enzymes, hormones, etc. The metabolism of organisms and the genetic phenomena of organisms are involved in the transformation of organic compounds. In addition, many substances that are closely related to human life, such as oil, natural gas, cotton, dyes, chemical fibers, plastics, plexiglass, natural and synthetic drugs, etc., are closely related to organic compounds.

There are many types of organic matter, which can be divided into two categories: hydrocarbons and derivatives of hydrocarbons. According to the carbon frame structure of organic molecules, it can also be divided into three categories: open-chain compounds, carbon ring compounds and heterocyclic compounds. According to the different functional groups contained in organic molecules, they are divided into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and so on.

Press the skeleton of carbon.

1. Chain compounds.

The carbon atoms in the molecules of these compounds are linked to each other in a chain, and they are also called aliphatic compounds because they were first found in fats. Its structure is characterized by the fact that carbon is connected to each other into a chain that does not close.

2. Cyclic compounds.

A cyclic compound is a compound in which the atoms in a molecule are arranged in a circular pattern. Cyclic compounds are further divided into aliphatic cyclic compounds and aromatic compounds.

1) Alicyclic compounds: Cyclic compounds that do not contain aromatic rings (such as benzene rings, fused rings, or certain heterocycles with benzene rings or fused ring properties). Such as cyclopropane, cyclohexene, cyclohexanol, etc.

2) Aromatic compounds: compounds with rings containing aromatic rings (such as benzene rings, fused rings, or some heterocycles with benzene rings or fused ring properties). Such as benzene, benzene homologues and derivatives, fused aromatic hydrocarbons and derivatives, pyrroles, pyridines, etc.

By constituent elements.

1. Hydrocarbons. Organic matter that contains only two elements, carbon and hydrogen, is called hydrocarbons, or hydrocarbons for short. Such as methane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, etc. Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon.

2. Derivatives of hydrocarbons. A series of compounds formed by the replacement of hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule by other atoms or clusters of atoms are called derivatives of hydrocarbons. Such as halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, amino acids, nucleic acids, etc.

By the Functional Corps. Functional groups: The atoms or clusters of atoms that determine the special properties of a compound are called functional groups or functional groups.

Compounds containing the same functional groups have essentially the same chemical properties. Common functional groups are carbon-carbon double bonds, carbon-carbon triple bonds, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, ether bonds, aldehyde groups, carbonyl groups, etc.

Homologues: Organic substances that are structurally similar but differ in molecular composition by one or several clusters of "Ch" atoms are called homologues. and must be of the same class of substances (containing the same and equal number of functional groups, with the exception of hydroxyl groups, phenols and alcohols cannot be homologues, such as phenol and benzyl alcohol).

Due to the similarity in structure, the chemical properties of the congeners are similar; Their physical properties often change regularly with the increase of molecular weight.

Except for inorganic matter, all are organic matter.

The classification of organic chemical compounds is as follows:

a) Hydrocarbons (1) Alkanes (2) Alkenes (a) Monoenes (b) Polyenes (3) Alkynes (a) Monoalkynes (b) Polyalgines (2) Cyclocarbons (a) Naphthenes (b) Aromatic hydrocarbons (c) Cyclic olefins.

ii) Derivatives of hydrocarbons: (1) alcohols (a) monoalcohols (b) polyols (c) unsaturated alcohols (d) naphthenols (e) cycloenols (2) ethers (a) monoethers (b) mixed ethers (3) phenols (4) aldehydes (a) aliphatic aldehydes (b) aromatic aldehydes (5) carboxylic acids (a) lower aliphatic carboxylic acids (b) higher aliphatic carboxylic acids (c) saturated carboxylic acids (d) unsaturated carboxylic acids (e) monocarboxylic acids (f) polycarboxylic acids (g) aromatic carboxylic acids (h) naphthenic carboxylic acids (j) cycloencarboxylic acids (6) Esters (a) lower esters (b) higher esters (c) glycerides of lower aliphatic carboxylic acids (d) glycerides of higher aliphatic carboxylic acids (7) halogenated hydrocarbons (a) aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons (b) aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons (8) nitro compounds (9) heterocyclic compounds (10) amine compounds.

3) Sugars (a) monosaccharides (b) disaccharides (c) polysaccharides.

iv) Amino acids proteins.

5) Polymer compounds, (a) plastics, (b) synthetic rubber, (c) synthetic fibers, and (6) near-synthetic silicone compounds.

vii) Adhesives and coatings.

Common organic compounds in life are: rubber, fibers, thermoplastics, phenolic plastics, nylon, oil, natural gas, biogas, etc. In simple terms, organic matter is organic compounds, which are a kind of basis for the production of life.

In the language of chemistry, it means carbonaceous compounds or hydrocarbons.

and a general term for common derivatives.

Classify. Organic compounds are divided into three main categories according to the basic skeleton formed by the combination of carbon atoms:

1.Chain compounds are carbon atoms in these compound molecules that are connected to each other to form a chain, and are also called aliphatic compounds because they were first found in fats.

2 Carbon ring compounds.

This type of compound molecule contains a circular structure composed of carbon atoms, so it is called carbon ring compound.

It can be further divided into two categories: alicyclic compounds: are a class of carbon ring compounds with similar properties to aliphatic compounds.

Aromatic compounds.

It is the molecule that contains a benzene ring.

or compounds of the thick benzene system.

3 Heterocyclic compounds.

In addition to carbon atoms, the rings that make up these compounds also contain atoms of other elements, called heterocyclic compounds.

The organic matter in the water mainly refers to animal and plant fibers, oils, sugars, etc., which pollute the water body and deteriorate the water quality. The biological oxidation and decomposition of organic matter in water requires the consumption of oxygen in the water, and at the same time, it will ferment to the point of bacterial growth, which will cause serious damage to the water source. The organic substances in the water mainly refer to the polycarboxylic acid compounds of humic acid and fulvic acid, and the pollutants of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater.

Among them, the former is a weak organic acid of polyfunctional aromatic macromolecules, accounting for more than 95% of the dissolved organic matter in water. Humus is the product of the life process of aquatic organisms. Domestic sewage is mainly human excrement and garbage waste.

All carbon-containing compounds (except carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, carbonates) are collectively referred to as organic substances.

For example: carbon tetrachloride, methane, benzene, glucose, proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, 、......

Organics refer to organic compounds.

It mainly refers to compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen, which must contain carbon, but does not include carbon oxides and sulfides, carbonic acid, carbonates, cyanides, thiocyanides, cyanates, carbides, carboranes, and carbonyls.

Metal-organic ligand complexes that do not contain M-C bonds, and some metal-organic compounds (substances containing M-C bonds) are carbon-containing substances that are mainly studied in inorganic chemistry.

Origin of organic matter:

The number of organic matter is numerous, up to tens of millions of species. However, only hundreds of thousands of inorganic substances have been found, because the carbon atoms of organic compounds are very strong and can be combined with each other to form carbon chains or carbon rings.

The number of carbon atoms can be one, thousands, tens of thousands, and many organic polymer compounds (polymers) can even have hundreds of thousands of carbon atoms.

Organic compounds generally have a relative density (water = 1) of less than 2, while inorganic compounds are the opposite. Organic compounds are generally highly volatile. In the dissolved part, organic compounds are generally soluble in non-polar solvents and insoluble in water. Inorganic compounds are mostly soluble in water. <>

Organics are a general term for carbon-containing compounds (other than oxides such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, carbonates, bicarbonates, metal carbides, cyanides, thiocyanides, etc.) or hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Organic matter is the material basis for the production of life. Inorganic compounds usually refer to compounds that do not contain carbon elements, but a few carbon-containing compounds, such as carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, carbon monoxide, carbonates, etc., do not have the properties of organic substances, so such substances are also inorganic.

In addition to carbon, organic compounds may also contain elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, phosphorus, and sulfur.

In conclusion, organic compounds are all carbonaceous compounds, but carbonaceous compounds are not necessarily organic compounds.

The simplest organic compound is methane (CH4), which is widely distributed in nature and is the main component of natural gas, biogas, coal mine tunnel gas, etc., commonly known as gas, and is also the hydrocarbon with the smallest carbon content (the largest hydrogen content).

It can be used as a fuel and raw material for the production of hydrogen (H2), carbon black (C), carbon monoxide (CO), acetylene (C2H2), hydrocyanic acid (HCN) and formaldehyde (HCO). [1]

Hydrocarbons and their derivatives are organic matter.