Who can philosophically analyze the relationship between the individual and social history?

How is an innate history possible? The answer is: as long as the person himself is creating and planning the events he declares in advance. （1）

Both Kant and Hobbes believed that it was not necessary for a group of angels to build a nation, even a group of demons, as long as they had the wisdom. （2）

The state is a community of free citizens. （3）

The history of a nation is a collection of historical commonalities that contain several individuals, and the history of each person must walk within the larger framework of the history of the country and have an absolute intersection with this framework, and cannot be parallel. Within the framework, how the individual goes, that is, the will of the individual accounts for more of the component. The development trend of a country's historical process is based on the trend of the historical development of the entire human society.

Like Napoleon, he adapted to the trend of capitalist historical development at that time, he was an angel full of wisdom for the French people at that time, and Napoleon was a devil for those countries enslaved by the First French Empire. But this devil or angel was ahead of the tide of history at that time. And the subsequent Bourbon dynasty was the opposite.

In layman's terms, it is: the times create heroes, not heroes create the times.

You answer from the basic principles of historical materialism [outlook on life, values].

The dialectical relationship between the individual and the society: [this is the basic principle, analyze yourself concretely] the individual and society are unified, social development is the basis of individual development, and social development is inseparable from individual development. It is only in the collective that individual freedom is possible.

Man can write history, but man can only write his own history

But the general history can't be changed by anyone, like if you want to eat, you can eat good food, you can eat stones, but at the end of the day, you still have to eat

This is the relationship between the individual and social history

Answers]: a, c, d

The knowledge points tested in this question are the understanding and mastery of the relationship between the individual and the history of society. Historical materialism holds that the individual refers to a single member of a social group and is a "molecule" in societyEvery person in society has a role to play in social development The difference is that some people play a greater role, some people play a smaller role, some people play a role in promoting historical development, and some people play a role in hindering historical development, that is, "everyone in society plays a small or positive or negative role in social development".

(a) "Every individual in society plays a positive or negative role in the development of society", ((c) Social history is made up of human activities", (d) "The development of social history is the result of the combined efforts of countless individuals".The activities of the Hailling School of Social History are composed of individual activities, but they are by no means a mechanical sum of "everyone creates history", and it is a typical idealistic view of history and a mechanistic viewpoint that "everyone creates history in the development of social history". So B is the wrong option, and the ACD term correctly reflects the individual's relationship to social history. ；

a. The relationship between personal ideals and social ideals.

b. The relationship between personal value and social value.

c. The relationship between personal outlook on life and the core value system of society.

d. The relationship between individual interests and the interests of society as a whole is selected d

1. Society and individuals.

The dialectical relationship.

1. Definition of the concept.

Society is a community of individuals who are interconnected on the basis of common material production activities.

The individual is relative to the group and refers to the person who exists as an individual in society.

2. Dialectical relationship.

On the one hand, the existence and development of the individual is inseparable from society.

Individuals always live in a certain society. In today's social life, the key to the smooth development of an individual lies in the correct use of social resources. Acts of cunning and plundering are despised by the upright, and those who are not good at taking advantage of social conditions are also unheard.

On the other hand, the existence and change of society cannot be separated from the individual.

Society is made up of individuals, and their character and talents directly affect society. When a person has a positive effect on the collective and society, it is said that "turn on a lamp, illuminate a large area." "When a person has a negative effect on the collective and society, people say, "A grain of rat droppings spoils a pot of soup."

2. Social attributes are the essential attributes of human beings.

Human nature is the attribute of human beings, and it is the particularity that distinguishes human beings from other beings in nature, especially animals.

Human nature is the unity of natural, social and spiritual attributes. Among them, social attributes are the essential attributes of human beings.

The social attributes of human beings are the social relations that are unique to human beings and the modes of activity determined by these relationships. According to some important expositions of Marx and Engels, the social attributes of human beings contain at least three basic characteristics that are both distinct and interrelated: labor, that is, the first historical activity of human beings; Politics, that is, the activities of human beings in dealing with social and public affairs; Education, even if the individual is constantly socialized with practical activities.

Human society.

Sex mainly includes the following aspects:

Clause. 1. Interdependence: It is a necessary condition for human survival.

Clause. 2. Social interaction. It is a necessary condition for social development and individual development, and it is the conscious behavior and need of human beings.

Interaction is not only a spiritual process of information exchange, but also a process of material exchange.

Interaction is also one of the extremely important conditions for the formation of individual consciousness and self-consciousness in society.

Communication is also an important form of forming a common humanity.

Third, morality in interpersonal interactions. People must abide by certain rules in social life together in order to ensure the normal progress of social life.

Fourth, the cooperation of people in the process of labor and practice. This is the most crucial and profound content of human sociality.

The dialectical unity relationship between the individual and society:

Society is composed of countless individuals, human survival is inseparable from society, human development needs all kinds of conditions provided by society, the existence and development of any society is the result of all individuals and their collective efforts, and the sum of all individual activities constitutes the overall movement and development of society.

Ma Zhe believes that human beings can only be a social existence, and they can only have a historical essence.

The sociality of human beings is the realistic prescriptiveness of human beings as the subject of practice. Only by internalizing the nature and ability of social collective accumulation into oneself in certain social relations can man obtain the practical essence of human reality and become the subject of reality. The actual existence of human beings can only be social, and the actual essence of human beings can only be the essence of sociality.

Opposites are unified, and the two are interdependent, mutually restrictive, and mutually reinforcing.

I. Personal and Social History.

An individual is a single member of a social group, a "molecule" of society. There are differences in the role of individuals in history. Some people have a greater role and can be called "historical figures"; Some people have a smaller role and can be called "ordinary individuals"; Some people play a role in promoting historical development, while others play a role in hindering historical development.

2. The role of historical figures in the development of history.

People make their own history and are made up of a variety of individual activities. All individuals have a role to play in the development of society. Historical materialism asserts that the masses of people are the creators of history, and does not deny the role of individuals in social history, but to conduct specific analysis.

According to the degree and manner in which individuals contribute to the history of society, they can be distinguished into ordinary individuals and historical figures.

Historical figures, especially outstanding figures, play a special role in the development of society. Historical figures always play a certain role in the specific process of historical development, and sometimes even have a decisive impact on the course and outcome of historical events, but they cannot determine the basic trend of historical development.

Historical figures and their roles should be constrained by social and historical conditions, by the masses of the people and their practical activities. The emergence of any historical figure, a special and an outstanding political figure, embodies the unity of necessity and contingency. The nature of the role of historical figures depends on whether their thoughts and actions conform to the laws of social development and the wishes of the people.

3. The scientific method of evaluating historical figures.

Historical materialism advocates that when evaluating historical figures, we should adhere to the methods of historical analysis and class analysis.

The method of historical analysis requires a specific and comprehensive investigation of the merits and demerits of historical figures based on a specific historical background and according to the historical conditions of the time.

The method of class analysis requires that historical figures be placed in a certain class relationship, linked to the class to which they belong, and examined and evaluated. A certain class always has to nominate or produce its own representative figures to express its own interests and aspirations, so the role of historical figures is restricted by the class; The fate of a historical figure is often closely related to the rise and fall of the class to which he belongs.

Adhere to the method of historical analysis and the method of class analysis. Their merits and mistakes should be understood in the light of specific historical conditions and evaluated in a factual manner.

Answer]: The dialectical relationship between society and the individual:

1) The relationship between the individual and the society is an antagonistic unity, and the two are interdependent, mutually restrictive and mutually reinforcing.

Society is composed of specific people, and without people, there is no society, and society is the form of human existence. At the same time, people are social beings, and they cannot live without society. The continuous improvement of the quality of members of society is an important foundation for social development, and promoting and realizing the all-round development of people is the fundamental purpose of social development.

2) The relationship between the individual and the society, the most fundamental is the relationship between the interests of the individual and the interests of the society.

Social needs are the concentrated embodiment of individual needs, and the reflection of the fundamental, overall and long-term needs of all members of society. The satisfaction of personal interests can only be achieved under certain social conditions and through certain social methods.

In a socialist society, the interests of the individual and the interests of society are fundamentally identical. Social interests are inseparable from individual interests, and personal interests are inseparable from social interests. Social interests are not a simple addition of individual interests, but an organic unity of the interests of all people.

Social interests embody the fundamental and long-term interests of individuals as members of society, and are the premise and basis for the realization of individual interests, and at the same time, it also guarantees the realization of individual interests.

3) The social nature of human beings determines that only in the process of promoting social progress can people achieve self-development.

Significance: Thinking about life problems, we should correctly understand and deal with the relationship between the individual and the society, better unify the small self and the big self, closely combine our life pursuit with the development and progress of the society, grow and progress in the process of contributing to the society, and realize the value of our own life.

Answer]: A This question examines how to understand the relationship between the interests of individuals and the interests of society as a whole. A correct understanding of the relationship between individual interests and social interests and the relationship between individuals and society is, in the final analysis, the relationship between individual interests and the interests of society as a whole.

The basic problem of the socio-historical outlook is the question of the relationship between social existence and social consciousness.

1. The meaning of the socio-historical view and the two major factions.

The concept of social history is people's fundamental view and viewpoint on human society and its historical changes.

The view of social history is divided into two major schools: historical idealism and historical materialism.

Historical idealism is referred to as idealistic view of history, and historical materialism is referred to as materialist view of history.

2. The basic problems of the socio-historical outlook.

The basic problem of the socio-historical outlook is the question of the relationship between social existence and social consciousness.

Social existence is the material aspect of social life, including the geographical environment, demographic factors and mode of production.

Social consciousness is the spiritual aspect of social life, including two levels: social psychology and social consciousness.

The difference between social existence and the relationship between social consciousness is the fundamental criterion for dividing historical materialism and idealistic historical view.

All theories that believe that social consciousness determines social existence belong to the idealistic view of history.

Any theory that holds that social existence determines social consciousness belongs to historical materialism.

Before the birth of Marxism, all kinds of historical outlooks were idealistic historical outlooks.

Marxism used the general principles of dialectical materialism to study human society, came to the scientific conclusion that social existence determines social consciousness, and founded historical materialism, that is, the materialist view of history, referred to as the materialist view of history.