Encyclopedia of open field vegetable planting technology, vegetable planting technology

Among the vegetables on the ground, the vegetables on the land of Shidaquan are watered as long as the water and fertilizer tomatoes are turned over the ground and fertilized frequently.

What you want to ask is, "What is the technical knowledge of agricultural planting?" "Let's go. The technical knowledge of agricultural planting is as follows:

1. Breeding and breeding of improved varieties.

1) Breeding. Breeding is the process of selecting and breeding new varieties of animals and plants, and its practice is to use the natural variation in the original varieties, and it can also first apply hybridization or artificial mutagenesis to create new types, and then through selection, reproduction, and comparative experiments, select and breed new varieties that meet the needs of production.

2) Breeding of improved varieties. Breeding of improved varieties is the process of expanding the newly created improved varieties of animals and plants to breed seeds, seedlings and breeding stock, so as to facilitate the popularization and application in production.

2. Crop planting system.

1) Cropping system is the overall arrangement of crop production within a unit, mainly including crop structure, layout, multiple cropping and planting methods (intercropping or monocropping, crop rotation or continuous cropping).

2) This is a relatively complex technical system, which has a very large impact on agricultural production.

3) The multi-cropping system centered on intercropping is popular in China, which is conducive to making full use of time and space, so as to reflect the characteristics and highlights of China's planting system.

3. Crop cultivation technology.

1) Cultivation technology is a general term for various field management measures taken according to the growth and development laws of crops during the life of crops.

2) Crop cultivation technology mainly includes variety selection, agricultural machinery configuration, seed treatment, land preparation, sowing, reasonable dense planting, water and fertilizer management, pest control, harvesting and other links, and good planting technology can play an important role in increasing crop yield.

4. Balanced fertilization technology.

1) Balanced fertilization: First, the amount of fertilization is required to be balanced, in order to produce fertilizer (including chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer), that is, to provide fertilizer according to the determination of soil fertility and the requirements of crop yield.

2) The second is the balance of nutrient types, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements required by crops should be matched in proportion.

3) Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are non-toxic and harmless, they are basically the same in the application mechanism, the main difference is that there are many types of nutrients contained in organic fertilizer, but most varieties of chemical fertilizer are composed of one or two elements, therefore, in the fertilization technology must be reasonable with elements.

5. Irrigation and water-saving technology.

1) Water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture, and irrigation (or drainage) plus fertilization can increase crop yields.

2) Be sure to irrigate in a timely and appropriate amount according to the needs of different crops and conditions such as weather, soil, and water sources.

3) It is necessary to promote water-saving irrigation technology, put an end to the phenomenon of flood irrigation, and promote water-saving technologies such as furrow irrigation, furrow irrigation, pipe irrigation, and nozzle irrigation, drip irrigation, and seepage irrigation.

The various vegetable planting techniques are as follows:

1. Soil cultivation is to provide nutrients, water and other conditions required by vegetables, although the growth rate is very slow, but it can provide a variety of minerals for plants, which can be prepared according to the soil needs of different vegetables, and add the required fertilizer to it before cultivation to provide the nutrients required by the plants.

2. Soilless cultivation is one of them, the use of soilless cultivation method can speed up the growth rate, and will also make the seedlings grow more robust, mainly to provide nutrient solution to promote root growth, which can be prepared according to the nutrient solution required by different vegetables, and the yield of soilless culture is generally higher than that of soil culture.

3. Off-season cultivation is to solve the supply demand of vegetables, in order to improve yield efficiency faster, similar to using shade nets for heating, cultivating shade-tolerant vegetables such as cabbage or radish, and also planting vegetables cultivated during spring and summer through greenhouse cultivation in winter.

Types of vegetables:

1. Heat-loving type: no frost.

Such as: tomatoes, eggplants, green peppers, sweet potatoes, peanuts, green beans, edamame, various beans, watermelon, pumpkin, cucumber, gourd, bitter gourd, loofah, melon, amaranth, water spinach, corn, taro, sesame, sunflower, water spinach, etc.

2. Cold-loving type: not heat-resistant.

Seedlings need cool weather when they are young, and frost can enhance flavor when they are ripe. Such as: Chinese cabbage, white radish, mustard greens, cabbage, cabbage, cauliflower, cauliflower, turnip, potato, lettuce, lettuce, carrot, celery, beets, spinach, celery, coriander, cabbage, Shanghai greens, onions, green onions, leeks, etc.

3. Cold-resistant type: can survive the winter.

Such as: broad beans, peas, rape, asparagus, shepherd's cabbage, etc.

Vegetable planting should provide suitable soil for acid and alkalinity, such as acid-loving peanuts should not be planted in alkaline soil; It is necessary to provide a suitable temperature of 15 20 or 20 30 to provide a suitable temperature of 15 20 or 20 30, do a good job in water and fertilizer management, let vegetables receive an appropriate amount of light to meet their growth needs, and do a good job of weeding and insect control to make them grow strong.

Vegetables such as peanuts and potatoes need to be prepared with acidic soil, while vegetables such as spinach and leeks can grow better in alkaline soil, and they cannot be provided with soil with unsuitable acid and alkali to avoid poor growth.

When planting vegetables, it is necessary to choose the appropriate temperature in combination with its varieties, among which cold-resistant vegetables such as green onions and spinach can maintain a temperature of 15 20, semi-cold-tolerant cabbage and carrots should be controlled at 17 20, and vegetables such as cucumbers that love temperature need a suitable temperature of 20 30.

In the vegetable planting technology, we should also pay attention to the management of water and fertilizer, generally for the vegetables that have just been sown with seeds, they need to be watered once, they need to see dry and wet watering, fertilizer can not be excessive, and more thin fertilizer can be applied diligently to supplement nutrients, and 1 2 times of thin farm fertilizer can be applied to it in January to make the loose grow vigorously.

Growing vegetables should also take care to provide them with the right amount of light so that they can grow and thrive. Vegetables such as yam and eggplant have a large demand for light and need to receive strong light to meet their growth needs; while cabbage and broccoli only need to be maintained in semi-shade; Mushroom vegetables should be maintained with less light to make them grow.

Usually pay attention to weeding and insecticide when planting, and remove the weeds that grow around the vegetables in time, so as not to consume nutrients in the soil and make the vegetables grow poorly. It is also necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, so as not to be affected by diseases or pests, so that they can not grow healthily.