Agricultural vegetable planting technology, vegetable planting technology

What you want to ask is, "What is the technical knowledge of agricultural planting?" "Let's go. The technical knowledge of agricultural planting is as follows:

1. Breeding and breeding of improved varieties.

1) Breeding. Breeding is the process of selecting and breeding new varieties of animals and plants, and its practice is to use the natural variation in the original varieties, and it can also first apply hybridization or artificial mutagenesis to create new types, and then through selection, reproduction, and comparative experiments, select and breed new varieties that meet the needs of production.

2) Breeding of improved varieties. Breeding of improved varieties is the process of expanding the newly created improved varieties of animals and plants to breed seeds, seedlings and breeding stock, so as to facilitate the popularization and application in production.

2. Crop planting system.

1) Cropping system is the overall arrangement of crop production within a unit, mainly including crop structure, layout, multiple cropping and planting methods (intercropping or monocropping, crop rotation or continuous cropping).

2) This is a relatively complex technical system, which has a very large impact on agricultural production.

3) The multi-cropping system centered on intercropping is popular in China, which is conducive to making full use of time and space, so as to reflect the characteristics and highlights of China's planting system.

3. Crop cultivation technology.

1) Cultivation technology is a general term for various field management measures taken according to the growth and development laws of crops during the life of crops.

2) Crop cultivation technology mainly includes variety selection, agricultural machinery configuration, seed treatment, land preparation, sowing, reasonable dense planting, water and fertilizer management, pest control, harvesting and other links, and good planting technology can play an important role in increasing crop yield.

4. Balanced fertilization technology.

1) Balanced fertilization: First, the amount of fertilization is required to be balanced, in order to produce fertilizer (including chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer), that is, to provide fertilizer according to the determination of soil fertility and the requirements of crop yield.

2) The second is the balance of nutrient types, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements required by crops should be matched in proportion.

3) Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are non-toxic and harmless, they are basically the same in the application mechanism, the main difference is that there are many types of nutrients contained in organic fertilizer, but most varieties of chemical fertilizer are composed of one or two elements, therefore, in the fertilization technology must be reasonable with elements.

5. Irrigation and water-saving technology.

1) Water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture, and irrigation (or drainage) plus fertilization can increase crop yields.

2) Be sure to irrigate in a timely and appropriate amount according to the needs of different crops and conditions such as weather, soil, and water sources.

3) It is necessary to promote water-saving irrigation technology, put an end to the phenomenon of flood irrigation, and promote water-saving technologies such as furrow irrigation, furrow irrigation, pipe irrigation, and nozzle irrigation, drip irrigation, and seepage irrigation.

1. Before sowing, the land should be prepared, and the dead branches and rotten leaves left over from the previous crop should be burned with fire and buried deeply.

2. Select vegetable varieties that are resistant to diseases and insects, have strong resistance to stress, have high quality and high yield, have good commercial performance, and are suitable for local planting.

3. Select nutrient bowl seedlings, substrate seedlings, and vegetable grafting technology, further improve seedling facilities, and improve the level of seedlings, cultivate high-quality strong seedlings, and carry out seedling refining before transplanting, so as to lay a good foundation for the efficient production of pollution-free vegetables.

4. It is necessary to adjust and optimize the planting structure, reasonably arrange the stubble, and adopt three-dimensional planting and off-season cultivation (protected land) to realize the diversification of the structure and the diversification of production, and can make full use of time, space, soil fertility and seasonal differences to achieve the purpose of high quality and high yield. 

5. It is necessary to actively use new technologies for vegetable production, such as carbon dioxide fertilization, irrigation under film, drip irrigation, shade nets, new mulching materials, substrate cultivation, aphid aphid avoidance, etc., and new technologies such as plastic film mulching, drip irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation are used in open-field cultivation.

6. Soil fertilization technology can be vigorously promoted, which is conducive to reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer, increasing the input and use of organic fertilizer, and further establishing a scientific and reasonable farming system.

1. Wall cultivation: It is a method that makes full use of the effective area to develop vegetable planting. Build two single walls with bricks, about 30 cm apart.

Lap with steel bars at a certain distance to avoid expansion and inverted wall breakage, and other materials can also be used to make the outer frame inner padding film, leave holes to plant vegetables according to a certain proportion, fill with fertile soil, and apply fertilizer solution regularly and quantitatively. It is suitable for leafy vegetables, stout vegetables, vines.

2. Column cultivation: It is a three-dimensional use of space and a method of saving land. Long cylindrical bags made of agricultural film or hard plastic with matrix inside.

Hang the column on the wall or hang it on a beam, and the perimeter is arranged in a spiral shape with holes about a centimeter in size, and plants are planted from the holes. The bag height is generally meters, the diameter is 18-25 cm, this method is suitable for plants or vegetables with short plants.

3. Three-dimensional cultivation: first make a layered frame, lay wooden boards, agricultural films, and substrates, and plant vegetables on it. This method not only effectively uses the area, but also softens the vegetable leaf stems and makes them more crisp and tender, and this method is suitable for the softening cultivation of garlic, leeks and leafy vegetables.

That is, the chlorophyll is destroyed in the state of less light or no light, so that the texture of the vegetable is more tender, the taste is better, and the grade of the vegetable is further improved.

4. Soilless culture: a method of directly adding nutrient solution to the cultivation container or adding nutrient solution to the river sand to cultivate plants. It has the advantages of high yield, less disease, good quality, short growth cycle, low cost and pollution-free, which is the mainstream and direction of vegetable planting in the 21st century, and is the most promising cultivation mode.

5. Out-of-season cultivation: As the name suggests, avoid the peak season of vegetables, that is, the normal cultivation season and the peak season of the market, and adopt advanced management measures to let vegetables thrive under suitable climatic conditions, so as to receive higher economic benefits.

Eight Efficient Cultivation Methods for Vegetables.

Eight Efficient Cultivation Methods for Vegetables.

6. Softening cultivation: that is, changing the growth environment of vegetables, and growing in a semi-dark environment when they grow to a certain extent, destroying their chlorophyll production, making their texture soft and crisp, and their flavor is particularly good.

7. Delayed cultivation: Artificial cultivation measures are taken to delay the growth cycle of plants, inhibit aging, and delay the growth of vegetables. After the same variety of vegetables are put on the market, they will be listed to seek better economic benefits, and their competitiveness is slightly lower than that of the early market.

8. Promote cultivation: It is a cultivation technology with good economic benefits, and the use of scientific methods to promote the early maturity of vegetables can be marketed in advance.

Vegetable planting should provide suitable soil for acid and alkalinity, such as acid-loving peanuts should not be planted in alkaline soil; It is necessary to provide a suitable temperature of 15 20 or 20 30 to provide a suitable temperature of 15 20 or 20 30, do a good job in water and fertilizer management, let vegetables receive an appropriate amount of light to meet their growth needs, and do a good job of weeding and insect control to make them grow strong.

Vegetables such as peanuts and potatoes need to be prepared with acidic soil, while vegetables such as spinach and leeks can grow better in alkaline soil, and they cannot be provided with soil with unsuitable acid and alkali to avoid poor growth.

When planting vegetables, it is necessary to choose the appropriate temperature in combination with its varieties, among which cold-resistant vegetables such as green onions and spinach can maintain a temperature of 15 20, semi-cold-tolerant cabbage and carrots should be controlled at 17 20, and vegetables such as cucumbers that love temperature need a suitable temperature of 20 30.

In the vegetable planting technology, we should also pay attention to the management of water and fertilizer, generally for the vegetables that have just been sown with seeds, they need to be watered once, they need to see dry and wet watering, fertilizer can not be excessive, and more thin fertilizer can be applied diligently to supplement nutrients, and 1 2 times of thin farm fertilizer can be applied to it in January to make the loose grow vigorously.

Growing vegetables should also take care to provide them with the right amount of light so that they can grow and thrive. Vegetables such as yam and eggplant have a large demand for light and need to receive strong light to meet their growth needs; while cabbage and broccoli only need to be maintained in semi-shade; Mushroom vegetables should be maintained with less light to make them grow.

Usually pay attention to weeding and insecticide when planting, and remove the weeds that grow around the vegetables in time, so as not to consume nutrients in the soil and make the vegetables grow poorly. It is also necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, so as not to be affected by diseases or pests, so that they can not grow healthily.

The various vegetable planting techniques are as follows:

1. Soil cultivation is to provide nutrients, water and other conditions required by vegetables, although the growth rate is very slow, but it can provide a variety of minerals for plants, which can be prepared according to the soil needs of different vegetables, and add the required fertilizer to it before cultivation to provide the nutrients required by the plants.

2. Soilless cultivation is one of them, the use of soilless cultivation method can speed up the growth rate, and will also make the seedlings grow more robust, mainly to provide nutrient solution to promote root growth, which can be prepared according to the nutrient solution required by different vegetables, and the yield of soilless culture is generally higher than that of soil culture.

3. Off-season cultivation is to solve the supply demand of vegetables, in order to improve yield efficiency faster, similar to using shade nets for heating, cultivating shade-tolerant vegetables such as cabbage or radish, and also planting vegetables cultivated during spring and summer through greenhouse cultivation in winter.

Types of vegetables:

1. Heat-loving type: no frost.

Such as: tomatoes, eggplants, green peppers, sweet potatoes, peanuts, green beans, edamame, various beans, watermelon, pumpkin, cucumber, gourd, bitter gourd, loofah, melon, amaranth, water spinach, corn, taro, sesame, sunflower, water spinach, etc.

2. Cold-loving type: not heat-resistant.

Seedlings need cool weather when they are young, and frost can enhance flavor when they are ripe. Such as: Chinese cabbage, white radish, mustard greens, cabbage, cabbage, cauliflower, cauliflower, turnip, potato, lettuce, lettuce, carrot, celery, beets, spinach, celery, coriander, cabbage, Shanghai greens, onions, green onions, leeks, etc.

3. Cold-resistant type: can survive the winter.

Such as: broad beans, peas, rape, asparagus, shepherd's cabbage, etc.

Techniques and methods of planting vegetables: land selection, selection of varieties, seedling transplanting, management methods, pest control.

First, the selection of land preparation

When planting vegetables, it is necessary to choose plots according to the growth habits of vegetables, most of the vegetables are not waterlogged, and they like a sunny environment, so when planting the world, it is necessary to choose a plot with high terrain, convenient drainage, and sufficient sunlight. After the plot is determined, the land should be prepared, the debris in the plot should be cleaned up first, then sprinkled with enough base fertilizer to improve soil fertility, and finally ploughed the land again to ensure that the soil is soft.

Second, choose the variety

No matter what kind of vegetables are planted, we must choose vegetable varieties with strong disease resistance, high quality and high yield, good commercial performance, and suitable for planting in the local environment, and the seeds should be full and mature.

3. Seedling transplanting

When planting, it can be sown directly, or seedlings can be transplanted. Seedlings can be raised with nutrient bowls, so that high-quality strong seedlings can be cultivated. When the vegetable seedlings grow steadily, they can be transplanted and planted, and the seedlings are refined before transplanting, and the thin seedlings are eliminated.

After planting, it is necessary to water immediately to ensure that the seedlings and soil absorb enough water, so as to promote the adaptation to the new environment and resume growth as soon as possible.

Fourth, management methods

Vegetable seedlings have a large demand for water and nutrients during the growth period, so they should be fertilized in time and watered regularly to meet the demand as much as possible and promote more vigorous growth. Fertilization should be based on different growth stages, and different fertilizer species should be selected. Some vegetable varieties grow to a certain height and need to be topped and pruned.

5. Pest control

Usually observe the growth of more often, find that the situation of pests and diseases is treated in time, choose low-toxicity, high-efficiency, low-residue chemical pesticides, and strictly control the concentration of drugs, scientific medicine.