How do humans control harmful microbes? 15

The five types of microbial control methods are briefly described.

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1) Sterilization: The use of strong physical and chemical factors to make all microorganisms inside and outside any object permanently lose the ability to reproduce, called sterilization, such as various high-temperature sterilization measures.

2) Disinfection: refers to the use of milder physical and chemical factors, only kill a part of the pathogenic bacteria harmful to the human body on the surface or inside the object, and basically harmless to the object to be disinfected.

3) Anti-corrosion: the use of certain physical and chemical factors to completely inhibit the growth and reproduction of mold and rot microorganisms, so as to achieve measures to prevent the occurrence of mold and rot in food. The main measures are:

Microtherm. It is possible to preserve food and medicine by using low temperatures below 4.

Anoxia. Oxygen scavengers are added to closed containers to effectively prevent mildew and deterioration of food and grains, so as to achieve the purpose of preservation.

Dry. Drying and preserving grains and foods by methods such as sun-drying or infrared drying is the most common way to prevent mildew and rot.

Hypertonic. A preservative method to preserve various foods by hypertonic measures such as salting and candied picking.

High acidity. High acidity can also be used to achieve the purpose of preservative.

Preservative. In some foods, condiments, beverages or equipment, an appropriate amount of preservatives can be added to achieve the purpose of mildew and rot.

It can't be completely eliminated, some of them still have advantages and disadvantages should be known, such as the use of genetically modified E. coli fermentation, bacterial culture, medical drug extraction, etc., some experiments can be mapped to other results according to the reflection of microorganisms.

For human beings, some crops, breeding industry also has many effects:

Although the microorganisms in the soil cannot be seen or touched, they have an irreplaceable role with other organisms. First of all, these microorganisms can produce large amounts of carbon dioxide when they decompose and utilize organic matter. 90% of the Earth's carbon dioxide is produced by microorganisms, which provide an inexhaustible source of energy and food for the plants that grow on the soil.

In addition, microorganisms in the soil can turn organic nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen. They have two conversion functions: one is called ammoniation.

Ammonia is released from nitrogen-containing organic matter when it is broken down by microorganisms. The process of farmers decomposing organic fertilizer is to use microorganisms to convert organic nitrogen into ammonia for plant use. The other is nitrification.

It is the process of converting ammonia into nitric acid, which can form water-soluble nitrate in the soil, which can be absorbed and utilized by plants.

Microorganisms can also decompose and transform some organisms into various material elements, so that these elements can be returned to nature, so that the substances that make up life can be recycled again and again. If a dead tree or an animal carcass is permanently decomposed by microorganisms, the elements in the animal and plant carcasses will not be able to return to the natural world, and you can imagine how ugly the earth we live in will be!

Some. Bacteria.

Can be generated. Spore.

Some of them. Variety.

There are more than one. Extreme.

Environmental testing. shows that it lasts.

Vacuum. Continued remorse.

Ultra-low temperature. 0 more than 200 degrees), continuous high temperature.

Dozens of hours. Boiling water.

Dry, high pressure and other pre-dust conditions, can still survive, germinate under appropriate conditions.

Cause, spores.

Structure. Special, moisture content.

low, and contains heat-resistant.

Small molecules. Enzymes.

Rich in a large number of special.

Pyridine dicarboxylic acid.

Calcium and with. Disulfide bonds.

Target. Protein.

As well as having multiple layers of thick and dense spore walls.

It can effectively kill the spores and is one of the most important indicators to evaluate the sterilization level.