The fundamental flaw of the old materialist epistemology

I think, figure this out, and you'll understand it all.

Principles and Differences Between Dialectical Materialist Epistemology and Old Materialist Epistemology:

Epistemology of dialectical materialism.

inherited and carried forward the materialist reflection theory, thoroughly adhered to the materialist cognitive line, and opposed the idealistic transcendental theory; Thoroughly adhered to scientific agnosticism and opposed agnosticism.

At the same time, it overcomes the defects of the old materialist reflection theory, and the principle difference from the old materialist reflection theory is:

It introduces the scientific concept of practice into epistemology, takes practice as the basis of all epistemology, and points out that knowledge is the active reflection of the subject on the object through practice, overcoming the defect of the old materialism denying the role of practice and biologicalizing and naturalizing human cognition, that is, detaching the social nature and the historical development of human beings to observe the problem of cognition.

It puts dialectics.

Implementing the theory of reflection, it scientifically explains the dialectical process of the development of human cognition, reveals the basic laws of cognitive movement, and overcomes the metaphysics of the old materialism that intuitively condenses cognition, solidifies it, and is one-sided.

defects. From the above, it can be seen that, compared with the old materialism, it is a thoroughly scientific reflection theory. It overcomes the defects of the narrow, mechanical, intuitive, and passive nature of the old materialism, which is "only understood from an objective or intuitive form" with a practical outlook and dialectics.

Failure to recognize the materialist view of history.

Marxist philosophy recognizes this.

The fundamental defect of the old materialist reflection theory is that it is divorced from social practice and cannot understand the dependence of cognition on practice. Without understanding dialectics, you cannot apply dialectics to reflection theory.

Old materialism is the same as new materialism"Relatively. It refers to materialism before Marxist philosophy. It includes both ancient naïve materialism, metaphysical materialism, mechanical materialism, etc. (Note: vulgar materialism is not old materialism).

One of the defects of the old materialism is: 1. Mechanical, 2. Metaphysical, 3. Incompleteness.

The development of materialism has gone through the naïve materialism of ancient times, the metaphysical materialism of modern machinery, and the new materialism of modern materialism, that is, Marxism. "

and dialectical materialist epistemology.

In comparison, the old materialism.

Epistemology has two flawsOne is the lackDialecticspoint of view, and the other is a point of view that lacks practice

The old materialist epistemology lacks a practical perspective, does not see the agent's role in the object, and sees cognition as a mirror-like, intuitive and passive reflection.

The old materialist epistemology lacked a dialectical perspective, and saw cognition as a single process from object to subject, and it was done all at once. Because the old materialist epistemology lacked a practical perspective, it was a passive reflection theory.

Distinguish. 1) Modern dialectical materialism introduces the scientific concept of practice into epistemology, takes practice as the basis of all epistemology, and points out that cognition is the active reflection of the subject on the object through practice, which overcomes the defect of the old materialism denying the role of practice and biologicalizing and naturalizing human cognition, that is, leaving the social nature of human beings and the historical development of human beings to observe the problem of cognition.

2) Modern dialectical materialism implements dialectics into the theory of reflection, scientifically explains the dialectical process of the development of human cognition, reveals the basic laws of cognitive movement, and overcomes the metaphysics of the old materialism that intuitively, solidifies and one-sidedly cognition.

defects.

The other is (a) a lack of practical perspective.

The existence of matter and the reliance of the spirit are not solved.

Both dialectical materialist epistemology and old materialist epistemology adhere to materialist reflection theory and agnosticism, which is what they have in common, but there is a principled difference between dialectical materialist epistemology and old materialist epistemology on the question of how knowledge arises and develops:

First, the old materialist epistemology lacks a practical perspective, does not see the agent's role in the object, and regards cognition as a mirror-like, intuitive and passive reflection. Dialectical materialist epistemology introduces the scientific view of practice into epistemology, and serves as the basis of all epistemology, revealing that cognition is the process in which the subject actively reflects the object through practice.

Second, the old materialist epistemology lacked a dialectical perspective, and regarded cognition as a single process from object to subject, and it was completed all at once; Dialectical materialist epistemology applies dialectics to epistemology, revealing that cognition is a dialectical process full of contradictions. Because the old materialist epistemology lacked a practical perspective, it was a passive reflection theory. 2. Dialectical materialist epistemology, which emphasizes the decisive role of practice in cognition and the dialectical viewpoint, is a reflection theory of active revolution.

The basic features of the old materialist epistemology:Features: 1. Mechanical: Explain all the motion of matter from the point of view of mechanical mechanics: man also becomes a machine.

2. Metaphysics.

Sexuality: isolated, static, unchanging perspectives.

3. Incompleteness: The principle of materialism cannot be implemented in the field of social history and the concept of history.

Still idealism.

It acknowledges the primacy of matter, which is materialistic. But to think that everything is isolated, static, and unchanging, is mechanical or metaphysical.

Time and space are not the storehouses of things, but the forms of existence of things in motion. Time and space are inseparable from things, not between storing and being stored, not between big and small.

The fundamental epistemological difference between old materialism and dialectical materialism is whether or not to recognize the knowability of the objective world.

Both old materialism and dialectical materialism adhere to the principle of reflection theory, that is, they recognize that human cognition is a reflection of the objective world, that is, they both admit that the objective world can be known. Therefore, whether or not to recognize the knowability of the objective world is not the fundamental difference between old materialism and dialectical materialism. The fundamental differences between them are:

1) The old materialism did not understand the decisive role of social practice in cognition; Dialectical materialism, on the other hand, introduces practice into cognition and recognizes the decisive role of practice in cognition.

2) the reflection theory of the old materialism is the reflection theory of mechanical metaphysics; Dialectical materialism, on the other hand, closely combines dialectics with epistemology, so that epistemology develops into an active and revolutionary theory of reflection.

3) the epistemology of the old materialism satisfies the interpretation and explanation of the world; Dialectical materialist epistemology not only explains the world, but also unifies the understanding of the world and the transformation of the world.