Where is the equatorial tropical rainforest climate distributed?

The tropical rainforest climate is also called the equatorial rainforest climate, which is caused by the high amount of solar radiation energy obtained throughout the year, controlled by the equatorial depression, dominated by updrafts, forming convective rain and abundant precipitation. It is characterized by high temperature and rain all year round, the average temperature of each month is between 25 and 28, and the annual precipitation is mostly more than 2000 mm, there is no obvious dry season, and the annual temperature difference is very small. In this climate there are dense evergreen forests called tropical rainforests.

The tropical rainforest climate is distributed on both sides of the equator, between 10 degrees north and south latitudes, mainly in the Amazon Plain of South America, the Congo Basin and the coast of the Gulf of Guinea in Africa, most of the Malay Archipelago in Asia and the southern part of the Malay Peninsula. Tropical rainforests are important to the Earth's environment, first of all, they regulate the global climate, absorb carbon dioxide, and release oxygen. Especially in today's global warming situation, tropical rainforests play an important role in mitigating the warming trend.

Secondly, tropical rainforest areas are home to a large number of organisms, which contributes to the conservation of biodiversity. It is estimated that it accounts for about half of the planet's biological species.

However, although some areas are not between 10 degrees north and south latitude and are not affected by the equatorial depression, the tropical rainforest climate sometimes shows non-zonal characteristics due to the combined effects of atmospheric circulation, topography and ocean currents. Special tropical rainforest climate distribution areas: eastern Central America, southeastern Brazilian Plateau, northeastern Australia, eastern Madagascar and the northern shore of the Gulf of Guinea.

The causes are as follows: eastern Central America: mainly south of the Tropic of Capricorn, still tropical, with high temperatures throughout the year; It is mainly controlled by the northeast trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean throughout the year, and the humid northeast trade winds form abundant topographic rain on the eastern windward slope, which is rainy throughout the year. Warming and humidification of the coastal Guyana Warm Current (South Equatorial Warm Current). Southeastern Brazilian Altiplano, Northeast Australia, Eastern Madagascar:

It is mainly located north of the Tropic of Capricorn, still tropical, with high temperatures throughout the year; It is mainly controlled by the southeast trade winds from the Atlantic Ocean (Pacific Ocean or Indian Ocean) throughout the year, and the moist southeast trade winds form abundant topographic rain on the windward slope of the southeast (northeast or east), and it is rainy all year round. Warming and humidification of the coastal Brazilian Current (East Australian Current or Madagascar Current). The north shore of the Gulf of Guinea: located at about 15 degrees north latitude, low latitude, obtaining more solar radiation energy, high temperature throughout the year; In summer, the pressure belt and wind belt move northward, and under the influence of the northward equatorial low pressure, it is located on the windward slope of the southwest wind formed by the southeast trade wind crossing the equator, and the precipitation is abundant. The Guinea Stream passes nearby, increasing precipitation and temperature on the northern shore of the Gulf of Guinea.

In addition, due to the influence of topography, atmospheric circulation and ocean currents, tropical rainforests have also been formed in areas such as Yunnan, Taiwan, Hainan in China and the Florida Peninsula in the United States.

The area through the equator has a high temperature, the air is heated and expanded, forming an equatorial depression, and the air convection is strong, bringing abundant convective rain, so there is a lot of precipitation, such as this is the case in the Congo Basin, but the East African Plateau is an exception, for the following reasons: topographic reasons, the East African Plateau is relatively high, because the temperature decreases with the increase of the terrain, the temperature of the East African Plateau is lower than that of other regions at the same latitude, so the air convection of the East African Plateau is not significant, and a large amount of convective rain will not be formed, trade winds, The African plateau is widely affected by the northeast trade winds or southeast trade winds, and the precipitation is more scarce (the trade winds are blown by the high latitudes and low latitudes, and the winds are getting warmer and warmer in the process, the more unfavorable the formation of precipitation), so the eastern part of Africa has formed a savannah climate, with dry and wet seasons, ocean currents, the direction of the North Indian Ocean Current: counterclockwise in winter, clockwise in summer, so the eastern current of the East African Plateau in winter is a cold current, although it flows clockwise in summer, from low latitudes to high latitudes, but the ocean currents here are upward compensation currents, The flood water temperature on the deep sea water is very low, so it is also a cold snap, and the cold snap has the effect of cooling and dehumidifying, resulting in less precipitation on the East African plateau.

The types of climate near the equator are: tropical rainforest climate (tropical oceanic climate), savannah climate, highland climate. The equator is a low pressure area, and the northeast and southeast trade winds blowing from both sides of the equator to the equator drive the sea water on the north and south sides of the equator to flow from east to west.

The north is called the North Equatorial Warm Current, and the south is called the South Equatorial Warm Current.

Within 10 latitudes on each side of the equator, the climate is humid and rainy, with summer all year round. The difference in temperature in the equatorial region is very small, with the average temperature difference between the hottest and coldest months being only 4. In a single day, the difference between the afternoon maximum temperature and the early morning minimum temperature is about 8.

In this way, the boundaries of the four seasons are not obvious, and the daily temperature change is greater than the annual temperature change.

Characteristics of the climate near the equator:

The equatorial climate zone occurs within the range of the equatorial windless zone, including the Amazon River basin in South America, the Zai River basin in Africa, the coastal Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. The sun crosses the zenith twice a year, with two maximums after the spring and autumn equinoxes, and two cooler seasons in winter and summer.

The sun hovers near the equator, making the equatorial climate hot all year round, with an average annual temperature of 25 30, and the annual difference is very small, with an average of less than 5; The daily difference is relatively large, with an average of l0%, which is much larger than the annual difference, and the so-called "there are four seasons in a day". The maximum temperature in the equatorial region rarely reaches 35, but it is hot all year round due to the high temperature all year round, and only a short sea breeze can make the heat slightly reduced, and after the wind breathes, it is unusually hot and sultry. The equatorial climate zone is rich in precipitation and is the wettest zone on Earth.

Reference: Encyclopedia - Equatorial Climate.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Equator.

The non-zonal nature of tropical rainforests is that the tropical rainforest zone becomes the savannah zone and the savannah zone becomes the tropical rainforest zone. Here's why:

1. The tropical rainforest zone becomes a savannah zone.

This tends to be found in the East African highlands near the equator. Because the East African plateau has high altitude and low temperature, weak evaporation (convection) and little precipitation. As a result, savannah zones can be formed.

However, the savannah climate of the East African Plateau is different from the savannah climate on the north and south sides of the Congo Basin, and the savannah climate zone of the East African Plateau is still controlled by the equatorial depression zone.

2. The savannah zone becomes a tropical rainforest zone.

It is mainly distributed in the eastern coast of the Central American isthmus in North America, the eastern part of the island of Madagascar in Africa, the northeast coast of Australia in Oceania, and the southeastern coast of Brazil in South America. Warm currents flow through, increasing temperature and humidity.

The area through the equator has a high temperature, and the air is heated and expanded, forming an equatorial depression, and the air convection is strong, bringing abundant convective rain, so there is a lot of precipitation. This is the case, for example, in the Congo Basin. But the East African highlands are an exception for the following reasons:

1. Topography reasons. The East African Plateau is relatively high, and the temperature in the East African Plateau is lower than that of other regions at the same latitude, so the air convection over the East African Plateau is not significant, and a large amount of convective rain will not be formed.

2. The trade winds were the only cause of remorse. The African plateau is widely affected by the northeast or southeast trade winds, and precipitation is even more scarce (the trade winds are blown by the high latitudes and the low latitudes, and the winds become warmer in the process, the less conducive to the formation of precipitation).Therefore, the eastern part of Africa has developed a savannah climate, which has dry and wet seasons.

3. Causes of ocean currents. The direction of the North Indian Ocean Current: counterclockwise in winter and clockwise in summer, so the eastern current of the East African Plateau in winter is a cold current, although it flows clockwise in summer, from low latitudes to high latitudes, but the ocean current here is the upper rising compensation current, and the flood water temperature on the deep sea water is very low, so it is also a cold current.

The cold snap has the effect of cooling and reducing humidity, resulting in less precipitation in the East African plateau.

<> as shown in the figure above, the four regions of A-D are non-zonal rainforest (climate) distribution areas. Among them, a is the eastern part of the island of Madagascar; b is northeastern Australia; c is southeastern Brazil; d is the western part of the Central American Isthmus; They are not formed by the equatorial low pressure all year round, as is the case in the Congo Basin and the Amazon rainforests.

The main causes of this are:1It is located in the tropical low altitude area, with high temperatures all year round; 2.

The ocean trade winds bring water vapor and are located on the windward side of the trade winds, with a lot of precipitation. 3.There is a warm current passing along the coast, and the warming and humidification effect is significant. Wait a minute.