The distribution and causes of the world s four special tropical rainforests

The distribution and causes of the world's four special tropical rainforests are as follows:

1.Southeastern Madagascar: Located in the southwestern Indian Ocean, Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world.

In the southeastern part of the island, there is a tropical rainforest with an area of about 150,000 square kilometers, which is called "West Irian". The climate here is warm and humid, with high temperatures throughout the year, but unlike the equatorial region, there is no strong solar radiation here. This is because the island of Madagascar has a blocking effect on air currents, allowing tropical cyclones to penetrate deep into the region.

At the same time, it is located on the windward slope of the trade wind belt, with abundant water vapor, and the airflow meets the terrain uplift, forming abundant precipitation.

2.North East Australia: North East Australia is located in the tropics and is influenced by warm currents and windward slopes of trade winds.

These factors make the region hot and rainy throughout the year, resulting in a tropical rainforest climate. The warming and humidifying effect of the coastal current is also one of the reasons for the special climate of this region.

3.Southeastern Brazilian Altiplano: Located in the middle of South America, the Brazilian Altiplano is a large uplift.

The tropical rainforests of the southeastern plateau are located on the edge of the Brazilian Altiplano, and because they are affected by the windward slopes of warm currents and trade winds, they are hot and rainy throughout the year, resulting in a tropical rainforest climate.

4.Southeastern Mexican Altiplano: Located in the southern part of North America, the Mexican Altiplano is a large area of mountains and grasslands.

The tropical rainforest in the southeastern part of the plateau is located in the Gulf Coast region, which is affected by the windward slope of warm currents and trade winds, so it is hot and rainy throughout the year, creating a tropical rainforest climate.

In general, the climatic causes of these four special tropical rainforests are mainly due to the fact that they are located on the windward slope of the trade wind belt, so there is abundant water vapor, and the warming and humidification of warm currents have formed a special tropical rainforest climate in these areas.

The eastern side of the island of Madagascar, the northeastern part of Australia, the southeastern part of the Brazilian Altiplanoplano, and the southeastern part of the Mexican Altiplanoplano, all of them have the same cause, and they are all windward slopes that are subject to warm currents and trade winds. This results in not being in the equatorial region.

Tropical rainforests can also be formed.

Type of climate. Got it? You can look at it in combination with the map, and at first glance, you just didn't pay attention to the lecture in class, hehe.

Geography trivia: distribution of tropical rainforests.

They are the Indo-Malay rainforest biome, the African rainforest biome, and the American rainforest biome. Tropical rainforest is a forest ecosystem on Earth that is commonly found in tropical areas near the equator, mainly in Southeast Asia, northern Australia, the Amazon River basin in South America, the Congo River basin in Africa, Central America and many Pacific islands.

Indo-Malay rainforest biome

Asian rainforests are mainly distributed in the Philippine Islands, the Malay Peninsula, the east and west banks of the Indochina Peninsula, the lower reaches of the Ganges River and the Brahmaputra River, the southern part of Sri Lanka and the southern part of China. It is characterized by the dominance of dipterocarp and the lack of plants with beautiful large flowers and particularly tall palmaceae, but with tall woody true fern alder crumbs and the famous white vine and orchid epiphytes.

African rainforest biome

One of the three largest tropical rainforests in the world. The African rainforest community is small in size, about 6, and is mainly found in the Congo Basin. South of the equator to the eastern coast of Madagascar and other islands.

African rainforests are poorer in species but have a large number of endemic species. Among them, palm plants are particularly noteworthy, such as palms, oil coconut, etc., and there are many species of Coffea (35 species in the world, 20 in Africa). However, in West Africa, the neem family is dominant, and leguminous plants also have a certain advantage.

American rainforest biome

One of the three largest tropical rainforests in the world. The group is the largest, over 3, centered on the Amazon River, extending westward into the lower foothills of the Andaz Mountains, ending in Guyana in the east, Bolivia and Paraguay in the south, and southern Mexico and the Antilles in the north. The legume family is the dominant family here, and there are many lianas and epiphytes, as well as bromeliads, cactiaceae, araceae and palmaceae.

Cash crops such as clover rubber, cocoa and coconut are all native here. At the same time, the unique royal lotus grows here, and its leaves can reach the diameter of the leaves.

Areas where tropical rainforests are distributed have high annual rainfall, usually above 1,800 mm and in some places as much as 3,500 mm. The rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, and it is humid all year round, and the relative humidity of the air is more than 95%. The average precipitation is more than 2032 mm per year, which is more than the annual evaporation.

There is no significant seasonal variation, with temperatures generally around 30 during the day and about 20 at night.

The largest tropical rainforest area in the world is the Amazon River Basin.

Located in the northern part of South America, the Amazon River is the largest river in the world in terms of flow, basin and tributaries. Since the length of the river is inconclusive, there are many different versions of the length of the Amazon, one of which is the common 6,400 km.

The Amazon River is the second longest river in the world and the world's largest river, with a flow of 10,000 cubic meters per second, which is several times larger than the other three major rivers, the Nile (the largest number in Africa), the Yangtze River (China), and the Mississippi River (United States) combined. It is equivalent to the flow of seven Yangtze rivers, accounting for 20% of the world's river flow. The basin covers an area of 10,000 square kilometers, accounting for 40% of the total area of South America, and the number of tributaries exceeds 10,000.

Geology and landforms

The Amazon River Basin is high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north, the upstream source is the Andes Mountains and the Pacific coastal alluvial system, with an altitude of more than 3,000 meters, and the Andean alluvium and inland alluvium below 200 meters on both sides of the main stream. To the north is the Guiana Plateau (300,400 metres above sea level) and to the south is the Brazilian Plateau (300,1500 metres above sea level).

The Amazon basin is a large depression that was a sinking abyssal trough before the Cenozoic and later filled with large amounts of sediment. This huge depression in the shape of a skirt in the upper reaches of the Amazon is located between two ancient, not very high, crystalline plateaus. To the north is the rugged Guiana Plateau and to the south is the lower Brazilian Plateau.

In the Pliocene, the Amazon basin was a huge freshwater lake, which at some point in the Pleistocene burst into the Atlantic Ocean, and the great river and its tributaries fell deep into the bottom of the lake in the Pliocene.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Amazon River.

1. There are many types of trees.

In tropical rainforests, 40,100 species of trees with a diameter of more than 10 centimeters can be found in an area of 4,000 square metres. They grow more evenly and mixedly, and generally lack obvious dominant species. The various trees are very similar in appearance to each other.

The trunk is thick and straight like a column, branching near the treetops, and the light-colored bark is thin and smooth. The lower part of the stem of the tall tree has several flattened triangular roots, about 3 8 meters high, and has a variety of forms. Their leaves are usually full-margined, leathery, shiny, and in particular, most have prominently pointed apexs called dropping tips.

The flowers are generally found on leafless trunks or old branches, and this stem flower is typical of rainforest trees, such as cacao and coffee trees.

2. The competition between plant species for light and living space is extremely strong.

According to observations in the West African rainforest, the top of the canopy (46 m) is 100,000 lux of total light, and the canopy (33 m) drops to 10,000 lux, while at 1 m high it is only 800 lux, i.e. only 1% of the total. There is a big difference in the height of the trees. The canopy of the upper arbor is nearly rounded, slightly densely connected, about 20 30 m high, and the crown of the lowest arbor is tapered and often the densest layer.

There are few shrubs in the understory, the leaves are often clustered in the treetops, the herbs are sparse and have large thin soft leaves, and some are saprophytic (e.g., the leaves of large-flowered grasses in Southeast Asia are degraded and the flower diameter is 1 m).

3. The special prosperity of vines and epiphytes.

Large woody vines bloom at the top of the tree with the support of trees, reaching up to 240 meters in length, and the flattened and thick canes that have lost their support hang from the ground. In addition to ferns and mosses, there are many flowering plants (even with woody stems), which are divided into light-loving, shade-tolerant, xerophytic to wet ecological types according to the differences in light and water (humidity) conditions of the growing parts. Strangled plants, also known as destruction plants, are typical and endemic to rainforests.

It is initially epiphytic on the stem of the tree, then strangles the latter and lives independently with the roots that grow, so that two kinds of leaves are sometimes visible on a single tree.

4. The variety of animals is also rich and diverse.

A large proportion of mammals live in the upper canopy, such as gibbons and chimpanzees, foraging for food between the canopy and the ground, while larger mammals such as elephants, deer, lions, leopards, etc., feed on leaves, fallen fruits or animals. Ants are the most common underground burrowing animals, which play a great role in removing litter. In the Panama Canal Zone, 20,000 species of insects are found in 16 square kilometers, and birds and bats in the rainforest are not only prey on insects, but are also closely related to pollination of stems and flowers, and the spread of epiphytes.

But there are still many animals and plants that are not well known, let alone understood. It is well established that tropical rainforests are the world's most genetically rich treasure trove, with only a tiny fraction of them being used, such as Brazilian rubber trees, mahogany, cocoa trees, etc.

Due to the large amount of precipitation, the tropical rainforest is prone to natural disasters such as mudslides, landslides, and floods. You will also encounter swamps, deep pools, waterfalls, caves and other terrain that are not common in other areas. You have to be very careful in unfamiliar areas.

Avoid falling into a dangerous environment without oneself.

Due to the abundant rainfall and moderate temperature in the tropical Ryona area, there are many insects throughout the year. They will follow you all the way through your journey, biting you or sucking you blood at the slightest chance. Since the tropics are so rich in species, you'll find that it's not just mosquitoes that bother you, there are plenty of bugs that are so small that they can even burrow into your hammock net.

Formation conditions. An evergreen forest biome rich in thick-stemmed vines, woody and grassy epiphytes that occur naturally in the warm and rainy tropics. The superior and stable environment provides the best conditions for the survival and development of tens of thousands of biological species.

Tropical rainforests grow mainly in the humid tropical lowlands with an average annual temperature of 24 or more, or the coldest month with an average temperature of 18 or more. The temperature is generally around 30 during the day and about 20 at night.

In terms of climate type, a certain amount of tropical rainforest can be formed under tropical rainforest climate, tropical oceanic climate and tropical monsoon climate, and the tropical rainforest formed under tropical rainforest climate is the most typical.

Because the conditions for the formation of tropical rainforests are high temperature and rainfall, in addition to the equatorial region, there are also non-zonal factors.