Genetic and environmental influences on psychological development

In the history of child psychology, there has always been a debate between heredity and environment. Hereditarians believe that a child's development is determined by genetics. Galton, UK.

He used genealogy to study the inheritance of genius, and he came to the conclusion that the relatives of celebrities tend to become celebrities, which is enough to prove that bloodline has a powerful influence on the development of individuals, that is, genius is basically hereditary. Environmentalists hold the opposite argument. In their view, heredity only gives a certain possibility, and only environment and training can determine the outcome of its development.

Some even believe that the environment is everything, and deny genetic factors at all. Behaviorism.

Watson, the founder of the country, once said: "Give me a dozen able-bodied children, and raise them in my special circumstances, and I can guarantee any training that will make them any specialist—a physician, a lawyer, a painter, an entrepreneur—and a beggar-thief, regardless of their ancestors' talents, hobbies, character, and race." This confidence comes from his animal studies in which environmental factors are directly controlled by experimental methods.

With the debate between heredity and environmentalism, it can be said that both have abandoned radical views to a certain extent, and to a certain extent have absorbed the other's views into their own interpretive frameworks. In other words, hard-line geneticists or environmentalists have correspondingly become moderate geneticists or environmentalists. It is recognized that child development is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental forces (including education and culture).

and jointly decided. Some scholars compare heredity to seeds and the environment to soil. It is true that plants cannot grow without seeds without soil, and it is impossible to grow without seeds without soil.

Others compare genetics and environment to fuel and oxygen, respectively, and fuel and oxygen are indispensable for combustion. By the same token, children need a synergy between genetics and the environment to thrive. However, this consensus between geneticists and environmentalists is quite general, and there is no consensus on the mechanism by which genetics and the environment play a role in child development.

1 Genetics, environment, and education are necessary for children's cognitive development.

They are not opposites, but mutually premised.

Good genetic factors and physiological development are the material basis for children's cognitive development, and without this condition, cognition will lose the natural premise of development. But no matter how good the genetic factors are, they only provide the possibility of cognitive development, and it is the environment and education that can make this possibility a reality. Many facts and studies have shown that without a normal living environment and education, people's genetic traits will not develop normally.

In 1970, a girl who had been isolated from the outside world for a long time was found in California, USA, and although raised by humans, due to being deprived of the opportunity to interact with humans and receive education (food was brought in by people but not communicated with them), when she was found at the age of 13, there was no normal physical and psychological development at all. It can be seen that it is not the material environment but the social environment that has a greater impact on human development, especially conscious educational activities.

2 Heredity and environment are interpenetrating and interacting.

More and more researchers have begun to analyze the role of genetic and environmental factors in an interconnected and dynamic manner. It is believed that any kind of factor is in the relationship of interpenetration and interaction with other factors, and organically forms a synergy with other factors to act on human development. Genetic and environmental factors are defined only for the convenience of research and are often difficult to clearly separate in reality.

Because from the perspective of germline evolution, some of the genetic qualities of human beings are the result of human beings adapting to the environment and transforming nature in the process of evolution, and some of the functions formed by the long-term interaction between humans and the natural world are consolidated in the form of genes to constitute genetic genes, that is, human heredity has obvious traces of environmental influence. Moreover, individuals always act on their surroundings in their own unique way in the process of development, that is, they select and transform the environment with their own genetic characteristics, whether it is the social environment or the natural environment.

All of them have left the imprint of human activities. In this sense, heredity and the environment are mutually inclusive and mutually transformative. There are different levels of human cognitive development, different stages and their own laws, and the development of different individuals shows huge individual differences.

The role of heredity and environment manifests itself in different forms and in different ways of interacting at various stages of development and in different individuals.

Both genes and the environment play a very important role in children's psychological development. Heredity is an important factor in determining a child's physical and psychological characteristics, while the environment influences a child's behavior and way of thinking. The two work together to allow the psychological development of the child to be formed.

In a child's psychological development, genetics determines the child's latent abilities and tendencies, such as intelligence, personality, emotional responses, and more. However, the environment also plays a crucial role in the development and formation of these capacities. For example, a good teaching environment and training methods can stimulate children's interest in learning and promote their learning ability and intellectual development.

On the other hand, the environment also influences children's emotional and behavioral habits. For example, environmental factors such as trauma, poor family relationships, and social isolation can have a negative impact on children. On the contrary, a warm and harmonious family environment and a positive social environment can promote children's self-confidence and emotional stability.

In conclusion, both genetics and environment are important factors that affect children's psychological development. Excellent genes are just talents, which need the right environment to carry forward, and excellent environments can make up for some genetic defects. Therefore, we need to continuously improve the quality of the chaotic environment of parents and society to provide a better environment for children to develop.

Heredity is the genes in between. The environment and education play an important role for children. Heredity is generally the appearance and brain.

Heredity is a material prerequisite for psychological development.

Individual differences in genetic predisposition provide the initial possibility for individual differences in child development.

The maturity of genetic qualities restricts the process of human development and age characteristics.

The environment makes the possibilities of psychological development provided by heredity real.

The environment has a positive and negative impact on human development.

Social living conditions are the most important factor restricting individual development.