Under what conditions was Sima Qian s Records of the Historians created?

It was he who was sentenced to death by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and then imprisoned, and he wrote the historical record under such difficult conditions.

At that time, Sima Qian was sentenced to rot by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty because he was involved in the incident of Li Ling, and he was suffering physically and mentally at that time.

It is said that Sima Qian's historical records were written in prison. The environment was harsh. Sima Qian's ability to persevere, which makes people feel admired.

Sima Qian's so-called "when the heavens and people are poor, through the changes of the past and the present, become the words of a family", it means that the purpose of writing the "Records of the Historians" is to study the relationship between "heaven" and "man", to understand the general trend of development and change in history from ancient times to the present, and to form the words of Sima Qian's family. This sentence not only explains Sima Qian's purpose in writing the "Records of the Historians", but also points out the contribution of the "Records of the Historians" in historiography.

Sima Qian experienced the pain of losing his father and the trauma of palace punishment in order to create "The Chronicle of Historical Noise", and completed the compilation of "Historical Records" in the midst of forbearance and humiliation.

Sima Qian's father was the Taishi Ling, and he took the revision of history as his sacred mission, but unfortunately his ambition was not fulfilled and he passed away. In 110 B.C., Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to Mount Tai to hold a ceremony to seal the Zen Zen, but Sima Tan was stranded in Luoyang due to illness and was unable to participate. At this time, Sima Qian, who had just returned from an envoy to the southwest, hurried to Luoyang and accepted his father's deathbed request.

Although Sima Tan was extremely sorry that he did not have the opportunity to participate in the ceremony, what made him hate him for the rest of his life was that he failed to complete the revision of the history book.

So, he pinned his hopes on his son and encouraged him to complete his unfinished business. It is recorded in "Taishi Gong's Self-Preface" that Sima Tan held Sima Qian's hand and wept silently before he died, and earnestly entrusted, "If you die, you will be Taishi." For the history of the Tai, I have not forgotten what I want to write.

Sima Qian bowed his head and said to his father: "The kid is not sensitive, please talk about the old news of the ancestors, and dare to be que." Sima Qian accepted the entrustment of revising history on the occasion of saying goodbye to his father, and his determination to revise history was made up from then on.

Three years after Sima Tan's death, Sima Qian succeeded him as Taishi Ling. In 104 B.C., after he participated in the formulation of the Taichu calendar, he began the writing of the Taishi Gongshu, which was later known as the Historical Records. However, in 98 BC, Li Ling was defeated and surrendered to the Xiongnu, and Sima Qian was imprisoned for explaining the truth to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and was sentenced to palace punishment, which caused him great physical and mental trauma.

After he was released from prison, Sima was transferred to the post of Zhongshu Ling, and he endured humiliation and continued to write the "Historical Records". In 91 B.C., it was recorded in the "Hanshu Sima Qian Biography" that he wrote a letter to Ren An, saying that "servants are not inferior to stealing, and they are close to self-trusting to incompetent words, covering the world to let go of old news, examining their actions, and examining their successes and failures, all of which are 130 articles." The writing of the book "Historical Records" has been basically completed so far, and it has taken 14 years since the official start of writing in 104 B.C.

His fate was tragic for Shengkai, and he wrote biographies for many tragic figures, expressing his deep sympathy. He praised Wu Zixu, who abandoned small righteousness and great shame, and became famous in future generations, and created the image of a fierce husband. His Yu Qing, Fan Sui, Cai Ze, Wei Bao, Peng Yue and others either wrote books and spoke in poverty, or became stronger through hardships, or were tortured and killed and conceited their talents, wanting to be useful.

These painful experiences are all tragic, implying Sima Qian's own life feelings.