What are the stages of problem solving?

1. The initial state of the problem. That is, in the comprehension stage of the problem, the first step is to convert the problem space to working memory.

That is to say, in working memory, the types and conditions, objects, goals and operators of the space that make up the problem (the problem solving is regarded as the processing of information by the information processing system, and the initial information is converted into the final state of information, and the problem state can be divided into the initial state, the intermediate state and the target state. The process you solve is the process of going from the initial state to the intermediate state and then to the target state. This one is transformed from a problem state to another problem state, and the operation is called an operator) and so on, and the representation is established.

2. Make a plan. The plan is to search for solutions that can achieve the goal from the vast problem space, that is, to search for information about the solutions to solve the problems from common sense memory. If you can find a solution to a similar problem in the past, you can use this method to successfully solve the current problem, otherwise, you will have to explore other ways to solve the problem.

3. Reconstruct the representation of the problem. The representation I constructed in the first phase was not sufficient for the execution of the plan, and the representation of the problem had to be reconstructed. There are many similarities in the refactoring of problem representations to establish initial problem representations, but sometimes it is necessary to abandon the initial problem representations and construct new representations.

4. Implement the plan and test the results. The process of implementing problematic plans and plans in practice is the process of implementation.

The problem solver matches the answer to the problem with the initial representation of the problem, and if the initial state of the problem is transformed into the target state by using the operation, the problem solving is successful. The solution is then stored in common sense memory to solve its own problems. If you don't meet your goals, you have to go back to the remediation plan, or even abandon the original plan and adopt a new approach to solving the problem.

The first stage is to recognize the problem and ask the question clearly.

In the second stage, the characteristics and conditions of the questions raised are analyzed.

In the third stage, hypotheses are formulated and solutions are considered.

The fourth stage is to test the hypothesis.

1. The first stage is to recognize the problem and ask the problem clearly.

2. In the second stage, the characteristics and conditions of the proposed problem are analyzed.

3. In the third stage, hypotheses are put forward and solutions are considered.

4. The fourth stage is to test the hypothesis. The thinking process, which includes the basic processes of analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, generalized judgment, and reasoning.

Analysis is the separation of components and individual features of things by neural activity; Synthesis, on the other hand, is to connect the various components and individual characteristics of things and combine them into a whole; Comparison is the comparison of several related things to determine the similarities and differences between them. Abstraction is the extraction of a part of the common main features of the same kind of things and the discarding of other features of that kind of things.

Generalization is the combination of certain common features of things in the brain. The observation of objective things, through analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction and generalization, with the help of words, can form concepts; The connection between concepts, which reflects the relationship between things, is called judgment. The process of linking two judgments to arrive at a new judgment is called reasoning.

Through reasoning, the process of obtaining the intrinsic connection between the phenomenon and the essence, cause and effect of a thing is called understanding.

The first stage is to recognize the problem and ask the question clearly. Before Douga.

In the second stage, the characteristics and conditions of the questions raised are analyzed.

In the third order of the empty clearance section, hypotheses are put forward and the solution method is considered.

The fourth stage is to test the hypothesis.

The process of problem solving typically consists of the following four phases:

1.Define the problem. At this stage, it is necessary to clarify the nature, scope, impact and relevance of the problem in order to better understand the nature of the problem and the direction of its solution.

2.Analyze the problem. At this stage, it is necessary to collect and organize relevant information and data, analyze the cause and impact of the problem, and determine the solution and goal of the problem.

3.Implement the solution. At this stage, it is necessary to take corresponding actions and measures according to the nature of the problem and the solution, implement the solution and monitor its progress and effectiveness.

4.Evaluate the effectiveness of the resolution. At this stage, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation effect of the solution and check the bending bend, analyze the degree and effect of the beam let solution of the problem, summarize the experience and lessons, and provide reference and reference for the solution of similar problems.

These four stages are indispensable in the problem-solving process, and each stage has its own unique role and significance that needs to be taken seriously and addressed. At the same time, problem solving also needs to be constantly iterated and optimized to adapt to different situations and needs.

(1) Find the problem.

From the perspective of the complete problem-solving process, finding the problem is the first part of it. It is only when there is a problem that people have the possibility to develop cognitive activities to solve the problem. Whether or not the same event or situation can be a problem varies from person to person.

Some people are good at discovering and asking questions, while others are blind to problems. Whether or not problems can be found is related to the individual's enthusiasm for activities and existing knowledge and experience.

2) Understand the problem.

To understand a problem is to grasp the nature and key information of the problem, discard irrelevant factors, and form an initial impression of the problem in the mind, that is, to form the representation of the problem. Representation is not only the representation and record of the event or situation faced by the individual in the mind, but also the object processed by the individual when solving the problem. The characterization of a problem includes both the surface and deep features of the problem, which are the key to solving the problem.

When characterizing a problem, people often resort to external concrete forms. Diagrams, roadmaps, etc., make the representation more clear and intuitive.

Cognitive psychology regards understanding problems as the process of forming a problem space in the mind, which is the whole cognitive state that an individual has reached about a problem, including the initial state of the problem, the target state, and the intermediate states and related operations from the former to the latter.

3) Formulate hypotheses.

To put forward a hypothesis is to propose possible ways and solutions to solve the problem, and to choose the appropriate operation steps to solve the problem. There are two main methods commonly used: algorithmic and heuristic.

The algorithm is to list all the possible solutions to the problem and try them one by one. Although this method can ensure that the problem is solved, it is not efficient. Heuristics are the choice of solutions based on experience or intuition.

It can solve the problem quickly, but it does not rule out the possibility of failure.

4) Test the hypothesis.

Testing a hypothesis is a method to determine whether a hypothesis is realistic and in line with scientific principles. There are two ways to test hypotheses: one is direct testing, that is, testing through practice, and testing through the results of problem solving.

The assumption is correct if the desired result is obtained after it has been implemented; Otherwise, it's incorrect. The two are indirect tests, that is, inferences are used to eliminate false assumptions, and to retain and select reasonable and optimal hypotheses. Of course, whether the results of the indirect test are correct or not will ultimately be proved by the direct test.

5 steps to solve the problem.

Whatever the problem is, to fix it, you almost always need to follow these steps: Missing any of these steps can cause the problem to reappear or the solution not to be implemented correctly.

Once you know the steps, you can be creative with the solutions you need.

1.Define the problem.

Whether you're solving it independently or as a team, you must define the problem before you begin. If you don't know what the problem is, then you might just go and fix something that doesn't need to be fixed, or fix something wrong.

Take the time to elaborate on the problem, write it down, and then discuss it so you have a clear idea of why the problem is occurring and who it is affecting whom.

2.Idea. Once you've identified the problem, you need to start thinking about every possible solution. At this point, you can come up with as many solutions as you want.

Don't just accept the first point; Ideate as many as you can, and the more ideas you create, the more likely you are to find a solution that will have the least impact on your team.

3.Decide on a solution.

Whether you're choosing a solution individually or as a team, make sure you implement it with the impact on others in mind. Ask questions like this:

How do they need to respond to this change?

What do they need to change?

Who do we need to notify of this change?

4.Implement the solution.

When you implement a solution, be sure to be prepared for feedback and have a plan for it. When you roll out your solution, provide feedback on the changes you've made.

5.Review, iterate, and improve.

Change shouldn't be a one-time action. Take the time to review the outcome of the change to ensure that it has the desired impact and achieves the desired results.

Make changes where needed to further improve the solutions that have already been implemented.

What, why, how to do it, just by this standard.

Ask questions, clarify questions, formulate hypotheses, and test hypotheses. The thought process of searching in the problem space in order to bring the initial state of the problem to the target state. The appropriate process of the individual's response to the problem situation.

The explanation of psychology is: the process of solving problems caused by a certain situation, according to a certain goal, applying various cognitive activities and skills, etc., through a series of thinking operations.