How exactly is soil compaction formed? What are the specific hazards to crops?

1. Causes of soil compaction

1.Organic matter content is an important indicator of soil fertility and particle structure, and the reduction of organic matter leads to soil landslide. Low soil organic matter content affects the activity of microorganisms, which in turn affects the formation of soil aggregate structure, leading to soil landslide.

2.Soil aggregates are an important indicator of soil fertility. The destruction of soil agglomeration leads to a decrease in soil water and fertilizer retention capacity and permeability, resulting in soil landslide.

3.Soil aggregates are formed by the linking of negatively charged soil clay particles and organic matter by positively charged polyvalent cations.

4.The acidity or alkalinity of the soil is too high or too low, as in the case of acid rain.

Second, the harm of soil agglomeration

1.Impeded respiration in plant roots.

If the soil is agglomerated or flooded for a long time, the respiration of plant roots is weakened, and nutrients such as nitrogen mostly exist in an ionic state, which is absorbed by active transportation and consumes the energy produced by cell metabolism. Breathing is weakened, so the energy ** is insufficient, which affects absorption.

2.The root system of the plant does not develop properly.

The destruction of the soil particle structure leads to a reduction in the ability of the soil to retain water and fertilizers and its permeability, leading to soil agglomeration, and the root system in this state will have a decrease in viability due to lack of oxygen.

3.Resulting in a lack of plants.

Plant deficiency symptoms are not necessarily due to a lack of this element in the soil, but rather a decrease in root absorption capacity due to a series of problems such as soil consolidation, inappropriate soil pH, or imbalance of soil moisture**.

Additional knowledge: Soil compaction improvement measures

1.Improving clay soils: Using sand and guest soil, and applying additional organic fertilizers to change the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

2.Effectively promote straw returning to the field: straw can improve the physical properties of the soil, and straw crushing and returning to the field can improve the content of soil organic matter, increase soil porosity, coordinate water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil, and create a good environment for soil microbial activities.

3.Appropriate use of soil conditioner: the use of soil conditioner, silicon, calcium, iron and other divalent cations in the conditioner and organic and inorganic colloids in the soil can quickly form a soil agglomeration structure, solve the problem of soil consolidation, and promote the growth of crop roots.

4.Promote slope cultivation techniques: Soil collection ridge cultivation techniques are used to reduce soil erosion during heavy rainfall.

It was because it rained for a long time, and the soil was not loosened in time, and the weather was very cold. It is easy to lead to crop yield, affect the quality of crops, affect the maturity period and growth period of crops, and affect the nutrition of the soil.

It may be a lack of water, it may be that the soil is not fertile, there may be pests and diseases or pests, which will lead to a large reduction in crop yields.

This is due to the excessive use of fertilizers, because of the use of pesticides, this kind of land is not able to allow the normal growth of plants, which will lead to reduced yields and will lead to desertification of the soil.

The main cause of soil compaction is the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, which leads to a decrease in the organic content of the soil, a decrease in humus, and a decrease in soil blocking.

Resulting in underdeveloped crop root systems.

In the case of soil compaction, crops will decline due to hypoxia root vitality, can not develop normally, plant root cell respiration is weakened, and nitrogen and other nutrients exist in an ionic state, absorption to consume the energy produced by cell metabolism, respiration is weakened, so the energy is insufficient, affecting the absorption of nutrients.

Leads to hyponutrienceHypokinesis.

Sometimes it is not necessarily the lack of this element in the soil, but the decrease in root absorption capacity caused by a series of problems such as soil compaction, unsuitable soil pH, or unbalanced soil moisture.

Artificial soil ploughing: The first thing that should be thought of for compacted soil is a series of work such as manual soil turning and watering of the compacted soil, which can quickly and effectively alleviate soil compaction.

Bio-improvement: We can artificially release some earthworms from compacted soils, which can improve the soil quality in the long term, but this method has limitations and is suitable for potted plants.

Changing crops, improving the soil: Soil can be improved by changing the type of crops, such as medium legume crops, which can accumulate nitrogen in the roots and effectively improve the softness of the soil.

Organic fertilizer application to the land: The organic matter and microorganisms in the organic fertilizer can deplete the excess inorganic fertilizer in the soil, and the biological activity of organic matter microorganisms can improve the hardness of the soil.

Add soft soil to the soil: add pine needles, vermiculite, perlite and other nutrient soils to the soil, these substances can alleviate the compaction of the soil to a certain extent.

When cultivating plants, if you do not change the pot for a long time, it is easy to cause soil compaction, which is very unfavorable to plant growth. Soil compaction is due to nutrient deficiencies, so you can use some small things in life to increase the nutrients of the soil, which can make plants thrive.

Correct Answer: Fertility indicates inorganic salts, which are related to absorption, which is incorrect. Item b Water and carbon dioxide are the raw materials for photosynthesis, carbon dioxide enters by the stomata of the leaves, and water is absorbed by the roots, and the main part of photosynthesis is the green part of the light part, which has nothing to do with soil compaction but clumps, which is incorrect. Item C water is a product of respiration and is incorrect.

The raw materials of the respiration in item D are organic matter and oxygen, the organic matter is synthesized by photosynthesis, the oxygen enters from the soil, the soil is compacted, the oxygen cannot enter, or the entry is less, the strength of the old respiration in Zhengshan is not enough, and it cannot provide enough energy for the growth of plant lifting, so the soil is compacted, which will hinder the respiration, correct. Therefore, the correct answer is option d.

1. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers.

2. Severe drought.

3. The salinity content in the soil is too high.

The three most common reasons).

1. The impact of excessive fertilizer on the soil environment Excessive application of fertilizer, if it exceeds the capacity of farmland, excessive nitrogen fertilizer enters the groundwater with rainwater or irrigation water, resulting in poor drinking water quality, or nitrogen fertilizer is released into the atmosphere by denitrification to form greenhouse gases, resulting in greenhouse effect and climate change; Excessive nutrient influx into the environment can also lead to eutrophication of water bodies, which is detrimental to our future and the survival of future generations. 1. The loss of fertilizer affects the quality of groundwater Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) enters the groundwater system through the soil, affecting the quality of drinking water, nitrate causes infantile disease, nitrate is combined with amines or amides to form nitrosamines and nitrosamines) compounds, of which 80 have been proven to be carcinogenic. The source of nitrogen pollution in groundwater is the improper use and management of nitrogen fertilizers.

Another noteworthy is the leaching of phosphorus, which is easily fixed in the soil under normal tillage, so the phosphorus content in the underlying soil is low. However, in places where the amount of coarse texture leaching is sufficient, the underlying soil will still be washed out, so it is still necessary to pay attention to the loss of nutrients in coarse tillage, and reduce the amount of fertilizer or adjust the way of fertilizer application. 2. Pollution caused by heavy metal residues in the soil The application of 100 tons of pig manure compost per hectare causes nitric acid nitrogen to pollute the groundwater, and the organic matter contains a considerable amount of phosphorus, which can pollute the river water source with surface runoff.

According to the analysis, livestock compost has a high content of copper, zinc, chromium and nickel. These high levels of copper, zinc, chromium and nickel are mainly the addition of copper and zinc in the feed, as well as the addition of leather powder in the composting process (adding chromic acid and nickel acid to knead leather, and its chromium and nickel content account for the leather powder respectively. The use of a large number of fertilizers containing heavy metal organic matter will inevitably remain in the soil, and the crops planted will also be polluted by heavy metals, and the soil containing toxins is harmful to the human body, and the soil contaminated by it will no longer be cultivated.

3. The impact of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on soil quality 1. Deterioration of soil pH 2. Soil physical deterioration 2. The impact of excessive application of pesticides on the soil environment In order to pursue high quality crops, farmers spray a large number of pesticides, regardless of whether there are pests and diseases, anyway, if they do not spray pesticides, they will not be able to eat and sleep, and cause the impact on the environment. 1.Pollution of the soil Excessive spraying of pesticides, the pesticides or herbicides will kill all the beneficial bacteria in the soil, resulting in the imbalance of soil microorganisms, resulting in the growth of soil pathogens, the content of soil pesticides is too high, and the application of microbial fertilizers is also in vain.

2.Effects on human health Regardless of the safety of the drug period, crops are harvested and marketed, endangering human health, especially with systemic long-toxic pesticides, which are most carcinogenic to the human body, or purchased as shoddy pesticides for application. The above points are my humble opinion and advanced **.

Soil compaction is due to high sand content and aridity. The state is lumpy, and the soil skin is cracked piece by piece. Replace the soil with less sand and water it to keep it moist.

Soil compaction refers to the phenomenon that the soil surface layer is damaged and the soil material is dispersed under the action of external factors such as irrigation or rainfall due to the lack of organic matter and poor structure, and the soil surface becomes hard due to the action of cohesion after drying, which is not suitable for the growth of crops and flowers and trees. There are 7 main reasons for the formation of soil compaction:

1.The soil texture of the farmland is too sticky, and the tillage layer is shallow. The clay content in the clay is more, and the average tillage layer is less than 20cm, the capillary pores in the soil are less, the aeration, water permeability, and heating are poor, and after rain or irrigation, it is easy to block the pores, resulting in crusting on the surface of the soil.

2.There is a serious shortage of organic fertilizer and a decrease in the amount of straw returned to the field. The organic matter in the soil is insufficient, the soil organic matter content is low, the structure is poor, and the activity of microorganisms is affected, which affects the formation of soil aggregate structure, resulting in excessive or small soil acidity and alkalinity, resulting in soil compaction.

3.Excessive input in plastic products. Mulch film and plastic bags are not cleaned up and cannot be completely decomposed in the soil, forming harmful lumps.

China's waste plastics enter landfills with domestic garbage every year, accounting for 3%-5% of the weight of landfill garbage, most of which are plastic bag garbage, which are not easy to degrade when applied to the soil, resulting in soil compaction.

4.Long-term monolithic partial application of chemical fertilizers. Farmhouse fertilizer is seriously insufficient, dinitrogen, light phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, soil organic matter declines, humus can not be replenished in time, causing soil compaction and cracking.

1) Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer: the nitrogen ** of microorganisms increases by 1 part, and the corresponding consumption of carbon increases by 25 parts, and the carbon consumed ** is low in soil organic matter, which affects the activity of microorganisms, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil compaction.

2) Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer: The phosphate ions in the phosphate fertilizer combine with the cations such as calcium and magnesium in the soil to form insoluble phosphate, which not only wastes phosphate fertilizer, but also destroys the soil aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

3) Excessive application of potassium fertilizer: the potassium ion displacement in potassium fertilizer is particularly strong, which can replace the polyvalent cations that form the soil aggregate structure, while the monovalent potassium ions do not have the role of bond bridge, and the bond bridge of the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, which also destroys the aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

5.Farming measures such as repression and ploughing have led to the destruction of the structure of the upper soil. Due to the effects of mechanical tillage too deep, the soil aggregate structure is destroyed.

However, only part of the fertilizer applied to the soil every year is absorbed and utilized by the crops in the current season, and the rest is fixed by the soil, forming a large amount of acid deposits, resulting in soil compaction.

6.Accumulation of harmful substances. In some places, the content of groundwater and industrial wastewater and toxic substances is high, and the excessive accumulation of toxic substances caused by long-term irrigation causes surface soil compaction.

7.Soil erosion due to sandstorms, heavy rains, etc. After encountering sandstorms and heavy rains, the fine soil particles in the topsoil layer are taken away, which destroys the soil structure and causes soil compaction.

What is potting soil compaction? What are the causes of compaction? Let me go into detail, it's very simple to raise flowers and plants, practice more.

The reason for soil hardening or compaction is that the soil surface layer is damaged and the soil material is dispersed under the action of external factors such as irrigation or rainfall due to the lack of organic matter and poor structure, and the soil surface becomes hard by cohesion after drying. Soil aggregate structure is an important indicator of soil fertility, and the destruction of soil aggregate structure leads to the reduction of soil water retention, fertilizer retention capacity and permeability, resulting in soil compaction.

The content of organic matter is an important indicator of soil fertility and aggregate structure, and the decrease of organic matter leads to soil compaction. Soil organic matter is an important component of soil aggregate structure.

Soil compaction with drilling to run loosening agent, loosening soil like a steamed sponge, there are pores, **on the search, you can try it.

What is potting soil compaction? What are the causes of compaction? Let me go into detail, it's very simple to raise flowers and plants, practice more.

Long-term application of a single fertilizer, the residual sulfate and carbonate react with calcium ions in the soil to form insoluble or insoluble compounds, resulting in soil compaction.

Ammonia nitrogen" fertilizer is mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash, lime, phosphate fertilizer, etc., and the acid and alkali neutralization not only accelerates the volatilization of nitrogen, but also its products are mostly insoluble or insoluble compounds, which makes the soil compact.

The compacted land is not suitable for the growth of microorganisms, the role of decomposers is weakened, and the ecological imbalance causes soil compaction to be aggravated.