Why is the soil compacted? What causes soil compaction? Is there a solution to it?

How is soil compaction? To put it simply: it is the adhesion aggregate formed by the fine particles of the soil, like a handful of fine sand sticking together, there will be a certain "void" in the middle, and these individual soil particles are condensed together to form the basic structure of the excellent soil, which is the aggregate structure.

If the soil particles are good and loose soil is formed, various effective fertility can be preserved and become fertile land; On the contrary, the "fragmentation" of soil particles, serious soil erosion, and the loss of soil organic components and various trace elements, as well as beneficial bacteria, cause soil compaction and affect crop growth.

So, how to improve the soil structure, make the soil rational, and have a good ability to retain fertilizer and water? <>

The amount of organic matter in the soil determines the degree of soil looseness. We know that fully decomposed organic fertilizer, applied to farmland in a certain proportion, can effectively improve soil structure. Although the fertility content of this organic matter fertilizer is not large enough, it does not have a fast effect on the growth of crops without applying chemical fertilizer, but the fertilizer composition in organic fertilizer is more comprehensive, and the content of trace elements and beneficial bacteria required by various soils is abundant.

These beneficial bacteria are similar to "earthworms" in suitable soil, which can activate soil particles, make the soil layer loose, and have good air permeability, so that the soil has a stronger ability to retain fertilizer and water. Under this virtuous cycle, the soil will not be compacted, just like the fertile soil in the primeval forest, which can support the healthy development of the ecosystem.

If you want to improve the soil structure, you must first understand the imbalance of soil pH. For example, in saline-alkali land, the soil compaction is very serious, which will cause barren land. Some growers use chemical fertilizers to make rapid use of land resources, and take advantage of the characteristics of fertilizer to achieve quick results to quickly obtain harvests from the land, ignoring the maintenance of soil.

Then, the nutrient content of chemical fertilizers is relatively simple, which usually corresponds to the needs of crop growth. Then, the trace elements and beneficial bacteria in the soil will be missing, and the soil environment will deteriorate, which will lead to serious soil erosion and soil compaction.

On this basis, the working people take some effective means to cultivate the land according to the planting experience left by their ancestors for generations, which can effectively avoid soil compaction. Now, it is possible to apply fertilization in a more scientific and balanced way to avoid soil compaction. <>

Traditionally, the most effective way to improve soil structure has been to use farmyard fertilizers. The use of organic fertilizer is more comprehensive nutrients, so that the soil is fertile and the soil structure is optimized. Nowadays, people will also use green manure, or biological fertilizer, and other means and fertilizers to improve the soil.

It is more important to know how to apply fertilizer in a balanced way. In today's developed science and technology, qualified professional growers, especially some planting value-added characteristics of planting, will also use the method of formula fertilization, according to the soil structure, the effective content of various nutrients, the use of more scientific formula balanced fertilization, can effectively avoid the problem of soil compaction.

The reason for soil compaction is that all the nutrients in the soil are absorbed by the plants. Therefore, the soil is not rich in water and nutrients, resulting in compaction. It is also possible that too much fertilizer has been applied, resulting in a lower level of organic matter.

Low amount of organic matter: Many growers think that organic fertilizer is difficult to transport, so they simply replace it with compound fertilizer, resulting in a serious shortage of organic matter in the soil, soil acidity and alkalinization, and the death of microbial flora, resulting in serious soil compaction. Plastic Pollution:

Mulch film and plastic products are not cleaned out of the park and cannot be decomposed by the soil, forming harmful substances and causing soil compaction.

Overwatering, each watering will make the soil slab, when planting crops, often loosen the soil and do a good job of soil topdressing.

Soil compaction is due to the use of too much chemical fertilizer and too much light fertilizer. Lack of pan-organic fertilizers, such as human manure, plant ash, river mud, etc. In order to transform into a sponge field, it is necessary to plough deeply, mature and freeze, spring rake, apply more organic fertilizer, and implement straw returning to the field to improve soil permeability and moisture retention.

There are many people who think that improving the soil can be improved by applying more organic fertilizer. You may wish to think about it, organic fertilizer raw materials are different, production methods are different, use methods are different, and improvement methods are different, and the fertilizer effect and improvement effect produced are absolutely different. This is the accumulation of harmful substances.

In some places, groundwater, industrial wastewater and toxic substances are high in content, and excessive accumulation of toxic substances caused by long-term use of irrigation has resulted in surface soil compaction.

The reason why the soil has become harmful to plants is that the soil is compacted, and the soil compaction = buried plants alive, which seems to be the hardening of the soil surface, and the soil compaction is also easy to make the soil water retention, fertilizer retention and soil permeability worse. The roots of the plant are buried in such soil, conditioning the soil. For example, sandy loam soil and clayey soil are scientifically mixed and treated.

Improve soil pH and improve saline-alkali land. The destruction of soil aggregate structure reduces soil water and fertilizer retention capacity and permeability, resulting in hypoxia and decreased vitality of plant roots.

Minimize the use of chemical fertilizers, increase the use of organic fertilizers such as farm fertilizers, and apply manure or pine branches and leaves after fermentation to increase soil activity and reduce soil compaction. Microbial fertilizers can be applied, and microbial secretions will dissolve insoluble phosphoric acid in the soilLack of farm fertilizer: due to the increase in the degree of mechanization, livestock such as cattle and horses in some areas are gradually decreasing, and farm fertilizer is not taken seriously, resulting in soil compaction.

It should be advocated to increase the application of organic fertilizer and return straw to the field. The soil has not been carefully prepared and the soil has not been deeply cultivated. In the land preparation, the soil should be turned more than 20cm deep, and the soil rake should be smooth and fine.

Long-term rain during the growth of crops will cause soil compaction, so we can effectively loosen the soil by cultivating it.

Soil compaction is because the soil texture is too sticky, organic fertilizer is seriously insufficient, and plastic products are invested too much, so it is necessary to use organic fertilizer reasonably, irrigate and water reasonably, and loosen the soil more to ensure soil permeability.

The cause of soil compaction, first of all, to consider the problem of soil selection, if itself in the planting of flowers, the choice of easy to compact, such as garden soil, loess, etc., the soil is easy to compact, and secondly, if a single soil is selected, such as only garden soil to plant flowers, the soil is easy to compact. In view of the problem of soil selection, when planting flowers, we should choose loose and fertile nutrient soil, pine needle soil, peat soil, humus soil, etc., and should be matched with perlite soil, not single soil.

Soil compaction is an important indicator of soil fertility due to the lack of organic matter and poor structure of the soil surface, the structural damage and dispersion of soil materials under the action of external factors such as irrigation or rainfall, and the hardening of the soil surface by cohesion after drying. The main factors of soil compaction are farmland soil texture and clay weight, etc., to eliminate soil compaction, we should pay attention to the use of high-quality organic fertilizer, increase the input of beneficial bacteria, choose soil compaction improvement products, and rationally use chemical fertilizers.

It may be that it is too dry, so suddenly there is a compaction; I think the solution is to loosen the soil, then water it, and finally apply fertilizer.

Reasons for soil closure:

Soil aggregate structure is an important indicator of soil fertility, and the destruction of soil aggregate structure leads to the reduction of soil water retention, fertilizer retention capacity and permeability, resulting in soil compaction.

The content of organic matter is an important indicator of soil fertility and aggregate structure, and the decrease of organic matter leads to soil compaction. Soil organic matter is an important component of soil aggregate structure. The decomposition of soil organic matter is achieved by the activity of microorganisms.

After excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer to the soil, the nitrogen ** of the early microorganisms increases by 1, and the corresponding consumption of carbon increases by 25 parts, and the carbon consumed ** is low in soil organic matter, which affects the activity of microorganisms, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil compaction.

The soil aggregate structure is formed by the connection of negatively charged soil clay and organic matter through positively charged polyvalent cations. Multivalent cations connect soil particles into large particles in the form of bond bridges to form a soil aggregate structure. When excessive application of phosphate fertilizer to the terrestrial lead soil, the phosphate in the phosphate fertilizer combines with the cations such as calcium and magnesium in the soil to form insoluble phosphate, which wastes phosphate fertilizer and destroys the soil aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

When excessive potassium fertilizer is applied to the soil, the potassium ion displacement in the potash fertilizer is particularly strong, which can replace the polyvalent cations that form the soil aggregate structure, while the monovalent potassium ions do not have the role of bond bridge, and the bond bridge of the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, which also destroys the aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

1. The soil texture of farmland is too sticky and the tillage layer is shallow. The clay content in the clay is more, and the average tillage layer is less than 20 cm, the capillary pores in the soil are less, the aeration, water permeability, and heating are poor, and after rain or irrigation, it is easy to block the pores, resulting in crusting on the surface of the soil.

2. There is a serious shortage of organic fertilizer and a decrease in the amount of straw returned to the field. The organic matter in the soil is not supplemented enough, the soil organic matter content is low, the structure becomes poor, and the activity of microorganisms is affected, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure, resulting in excessive or small soil acidity and alkalinity, resulting in soil compaction.

3. Too much investment in plastic products. Mulch film and plastic bags are not cleaned up and cannot be completely decomposed in the soil, forming harmful lumps. China's waste plastics enter landfills with domestic garbage every year, accounting for 3%-5% of the weight of landfill garbage, most of which are plastic bag garbage, which are not easy to degrade when applied to the soil, resulting in soil compaction.

4. Long-term single partial application of chemical fertilizers. Farmhouse fertilizer is seriously insufficient, dinitrogen, light phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, soil organic matter declines, humus can not be replenished in time, causing soil compaction and cracking.

5. Suppression, ploughing and other agricultural measures lead to the destruction of the upper soil structure. Due to the effects of mechanical tillage too deep, the soil aggregate structure is destroyed. However, only part of the fertilizer applied to the soil every year is absorbed and utilized by the crops in the current season, and the rest is fixed by the soil, forming a large amount of acid deposits, resulting in soil compaction.

6. Accumulation of harmful substances. In some places, the content of groundwater and industrial wastewater and toxic substances is high, and the accumulation of toxic substances in the field of Bidanan is caused by long-term irrigation, which causes surface soil compaction.

7. Soil erosion due to sandstorms and heavy rains. After encountering sandstorms and heavy rains, the fine soil particles in the topsoil layer are taken away, which destroys the soil structure and causes soil compaction.

8. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. The nitrogen ** of microorganisms increases by 1 part, and the corresponding carbon consumption increases by 25 parts, and the carbon ** consumed is low in soil organic matter, which affects the activity of microorganisms, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil compaction.

9. Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer. The phosphate ions in phosphate fertilizer combine with cations such as calcium and magnesium in the soil to form insoluble phosphate, which not only wastes phosphate fertilizer, but also destroys the soil aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

10. Excessive application of potash fertilizer. The potassium ion displacement in potash fertilizer is particularly strong, which can replace the polyvalent cations that form the soil aggregate structure, while the monovalent potassium ions do not have the role of bond bridge, and the bond bridge of the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, and the pahui cavity also destroys the aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

<> cause of soil compaction, it may be caused by the fact that all nutrients are absorbed by plants, and the content of water and nutrients in the soil is insufficient. It may also be due to excessive watering, the chloride ions in the water will react with the iron in the soil of Tongsheng, thereby reducing the iron content and preventing aging. It can also be caused by the application of too much chemical fertilizer, transpiration, and low organic matter content.

The nutrients in the soil are completely absorbed by the plants, which leads to the occurrence of compaction. When the water and nutrients in the soil are insufficient, the adsorption capacity of the plant roots is not weakened, it will absorb oxygen, nitrogen and other gases in the soil, reduce the pores between the soils, and cause the soil to stick together.

When the soil becomes more viscous due to long-term overwatering, it will also lead to the occurrence of compaction. When a large amount of water irrigates the soil, the chloride ions in the water will have some chemical reactions with the iron in the soil, resulting in a decrease in the content of iron in the soil, resulting in the phenomenon of agglomeration.

Long-term application of chemical fertilizers is one of the reasons for soil compaction. Due to the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the transpiration reaction of organic matter in the soil is released, which accelerates the evaporation of water in the soil, and the soil is prone to the phenomenon of splintering in the case of water shortage.

Regular loosening of soil or repotting without wheel shelter is also one of the reasons for soil compaction. Due to the poor air permeability of the soil, it is easy to appear alkaline, at this time the soil will be slabbed, and it is necessary to spray ferrous sulfate solution to neutralize the alkalinity of the soil, and at the same time, it is also necessary to apply organic fertilizer for decomposition and fermentation, without applying chemical fertilizer.