What is soil compaction and what are the causes of soil compaction

The formation of soil oranges is mainly due to the following causes:

1.The acidity or alkalinity of the soil is too large or too small, as follows: acid rain.

2.Plastic products, such as plastic mulch, are not cleaned up in time and cannot be completely decomposed in the soil.

3.Long-term single application of chemical fertilizers, humus can not be replenished in time, and it will also cause soil compaction, and may also crack.

1) After excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer to the soil, the nitrogen ** of microorganisms increases by 1 part, and the corresponding consumption of carbon increases by 25 parts, and the carbon ** consumed in the soil organic matter, the organic matter content is low, which affects the activity of microorganisms, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil compaction.

2) When excessive application of phosphate fertilizer to the soil, the phosphate ions in the phosphate fertilizer combine with the cations such as calcium and magnesium in the soil to form insoluble phosphate, which wastes the phosphate fertilizer and destroys the soil aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction. (3) When excessive potassium fertilizer is applied to the soil, the potassium ion displacement in the potash fertilizer is particularly strong, which can replace the polyvalent cations that form the soil aggregate structure, while the monovalent potassium ions do not have the role of bond bridge, and the bond bridge of the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, which also destroys the aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

4.The low content of soil organic matter affects the activity of microorganisms, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil compaction.

5.Above-ground water resources are scarce, and groundwater with high salinity and low water temperature is used for irrigation.

6.Wind sand and soil erosion take away the fine soil particles in the topsoil layer, so that the soil structure is damaged.

If the acidity of the soil is too large or too small, it will cause soil compaction, such as acid rain. Plastic products, such as plastic mulch, etc., are not cleaned up in time, can not be completely decomposed in the soil, and will also cause soil compaction, long-term single application of chemical fertilizer, humus can not be replenished in time, and it will also cause soil compaction, and may also crack. After compaction, more humus should be added to supplement the nutrients of the soil, and the plastic that has not decomposed should be cleaned up to change the pH of the soil.

Appearance characteristics: the soil surface is hard, and it is not suitable to be loosened when ploughing.

Appearance characteristics: the soil surface is hard, and it is not suitable to be loosened when ploughing.

1.Introduction to soil compaction.

Soil compaction is a state in which the soil structure is closely arranged, which is formed by the close stitching and compaction between soil particles. It makes the soil texture compact, high density, reduced aeration and water permeability, hinders the growth of planted crops, and in severe cases, it will lead to desertification of farmland.

2.Causes of soil compaction.

There are many factors that contribute to soil compaction, including the following:

1) Biological factors: The activities of organisms in the soil sometimes cause soil compaction, such as earthworms, ants, etc., which will compact the soil.

2) Mechanical factors: In extreme drought, the soil will shrink after losing water, and at the same time, external forces such as wind and rain will also have a compaction effect on the soil.

3) Chemical factors: Defoliation and rainfall make the soil surface acidic, and long-term accumulation will also have an impact on soil compaction.

4) Management factors: Improper land management will increase the situation of dry soil compaction, such as over-cultivation and lack of reasonable farming practices.

3.Hazards of soil compaction.

Soil compaction has had many adverse effects on the ecological environment and agriculture. First of all, the soil has poor air permeability and weak water absorption under compaction conditions, and the root system cannot get enough oxygen and water, and the growth of crops is restricted. Secondly, soil compaction will affect the absorption, preservation and release of nutrients, and reduce the fertility chain and agricultural productivity of soil.

Long-term accumulation will lead to the loss of land productivity, desertification is becoming more and more serious, and the ecological environment is greatly threatened.

4.Prevention and treatment of soil compaction.

In view of the hazards of soil compaction, we should take corresponding prevention and treatment measures. First of all, it is necessary to make rational use of land to avoid a sharp decline in land quality caused by overdevelopment. Secondly, we should strengthen the monitoring and early warning of soil compaction, and take timely measures to prevent the occurrence of soil compaction.

For example, through agricultural crop rotation, rational fertilization, and soil structure improvement, the soil structure should be gradually improved to slow down the compaction.

5.Applications in agricultural production.

In agricultural production, there are a number of measures we can take to deal with soil compaction. For example, compaction can be avoided through different tillage practices, such as deep tillage, intercropping, crop rotation and other tillage measures. In addition, proper fertilization and water retention measures can also effectively prevent soil compaction.

For example, methods such as applying bio-organic fertilizer breeding, maintaining soil moisture, and increasing soil organic matter content.

6.Epilogue.

Soil compaction is a common but headache phenomenon, which has an inevitable impact on the ecological environment and agricultural production. It is very necessary and important for us to understand the causes and hazards of soil compaction, as well as the measures to prevent and control it. Only by protecting the soil can we achieve sustainable and stable development of agriculture, realize ecological agriculture, and contribute to the construction of ecological civilization.

1. The soil texture of farmland is too sticky and the tillage layer is shallow. The clay content in the clay is more, and the average tillage layer is less than 20 cm, the capillary pores in the soil are less, the aeration, water permeability, and heating are poor, and after rain or irrigation, it is easy to block the pores, resulting in crusting on the surface of the soil.

2. There is a serious shortage of organic fertilizer and a decrease in the amount of straw returned to the field. The organic matter in the soil is not supplemented enough, the soil organic matter content is low, the structure becomes poor, and the activity of microorganisms is affected, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure, resulting in excessive or small soil acidity and alkalinity, resulting in soil compaction.

3. Too much investment in plastic products. Mulch film and plastic bags are not cleaned up and cannot be completely decomposed in the soil, forming harmful lumps. China's waste plastics enter landfills with domestic garbage every year, accounting for 3%-5% of the weight of landfill garbage, most of which are plastic bag garbage, which are not easy to degrade when applied to the soil, resulting in soil compaction.

4. Long-term single partial application of chemical fertilizers. Farmhouse fertilizer is seriously insufficient, dinitrogen, light phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, soil organic matter declines, humus can not be replenished in time, causing soil compaction and cracking.

5. Suppression, ploughing and other agricultural measures lead to the destruction of the upper soil structure. Due to the effects of mechanical tillage too deep, the soil aggregate structure is destroyed. However, only part of the fertilizer applied to the soil every year is absorbed and utilized by the crops in the current season, and the rest is fixed by the soil, forming a large amount of acid deposits, resulting in soil compaction.

6. Accumulation of harmful substances. In some places, the content of groundwater and industrial wastewater and toxic substances is high, and the accumulation of toxic substances in the field of Bidanan is caused by long-term irrigation, which causes surface soil compaction.

7. Soil erosion due to sandstorms and heavy rains. After encountering sandstorms and heavy rains, the fine soil particles in the topsoil layer are taken away, which destroys the soil structure and causes soil compaction.

8. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. The nitrogen ** of microorganisms increases by 1 part, and the corresponding carbon consumption increases by 25 parts, and the carbon ** consumed is low in soil organic matter, which affects the activity of microorganisms, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil compaction.

9. Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer. The phosphate ions in phosphate fertilizer combine with cations such as calcium and magnesium in the soil to form insoluble phosphate, which not only wastes phosphate fertilizer, but also destroys the soil aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

10. Excessive application of potash fertilizer. The potassium ion displacement in potash fertilizer is particularly strong, which can replace the polyvalent cations that form the soil aggregate structure, while the monovalent potassium ions do not have the role of bond bridge, and the bond bridge of the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, and the pahui cavity also destroys the aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

Reasons for soil closure:

Soil aggregate structure is an important indicator of soil fertility, and the destruction of soil aggregate structure leads to the reduction of soil water retention, fertilizer retention capacity and permeability, resulting in soil compaction.

The content of organic matter is an important indicator of soil fertility and aggregate structure, and the decrease of organic matter leads to soil compaction. Soil organic matter is an important component of soil aggregate structure. The decomposition of soil organic matter is achieved by the activity of microorganisms.

After excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer to the soil, the nitrogen ** of the early microorganisms increases by 1, and the corresponding consumption of carbon increases by 25 parts, and the carbon consumed ** is low in soil organic matter, which affects the activity of microorganisms, thereby affecting the formation of soil aggregate structure and leading to soil compaction.

The soil aggregate structure is formed by the connection of negatively charged soil clay and organic matter through positively charged polyvalent cations. Multivalent cations connect soil particles into large particles in the form of bond bridges to form a soil aggregate structure. When excessive application of phosphate fertilizer to the terrestrial lead soil, the phosphate in the phosphate fertilizer combines with the cations such as calcium and magnesium in the soil to form insoluble phosphate, which wastes phosphate fertilizer and destroys the soil aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

When excessive potassium fertilizer is applied to the soil, the potassium ion displacement in the potash fertilizer is particularly strong, which can replace the polyvalent cations that form the soil aggregate structure, while the monovalent potassium ions do not have the role of bond bridge, and the bond bridge of the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, which also destroys the aggregate structure, resulting in soil compaction.

<> cause of soil compaction, it may be caused by the fact that all nutrients are absorbed by plants, and the content of water and nutrients in the soil is insufficient. It may also be due to excessive watering, the chloride ions in the water will react with the iron in the soil of Tongsheng, thereby reducing the iron content and preventing aging. It can also be caused by the application of too much chemical fertilizer, transpiration, and low organic matter content.

The nutrients in the soil are completely absorbed by the plants, which leads to the occurrence of compaction. When the water and nutrients in the soil are insufficient, the adsorption capacity of the plant roots is not weakened, it will absorb oxygen, nitrogen and other gases in the soil, reduce the pores between the soils, and cause the soil to stick together.

When the soil becomes more viscous due to long-term overwatering, it will also lead to the occurrence of compaction. When a large amount of water irrigates the soil, the chloride ions in the water will have some chemical reactions with the iron in the soil, resulting in a decrease in the content of iron in the soil, resulting in the phenomenon of agglomeration.

Long-term application of chemical fertilizers is one of the reasons for soil compaction. Due to the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, the transpiration reaction of organic matter in the soil is released, which accelerates the evaporation of water in the soil, and the soil is prone to the phenomenon of splintering in the case of water shortage.

Regular loosening of soil or repotting without wheel shelter is also one of the reasons for soil compaction. Due to the poor air permeability of the soil, it is easy to appear alkaline, at this time the soil will be slabbed, and it is necessary to spray ferrous sulfate solution to neutralize the alkalinity of the soil, and at the same time, it is also necessary to apply organic fertilizer for decomposition and fermentation, without applying chemical fertilizer.