During the Warring States period, could grain be bought and sold across borders?

It's because we can't help each other in the open, so we're one country now.

Absolutely, but it should be done on the black market.

Those who want to kill their heads are all self-stockpiling grain and grass, changing farming, and training soldiers!

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China's grain crops formed the title of "five grains". This title was first seen in the Analects of Weizi: "The four bodies are not diligent, and the five grains are not divided."

So far, "five grains" have become synonymous with food. The so-called five grains, in fact, refers to the five main food crops, at that time, there are many words about the five grains, basically can be divided into two categories, one believes that the five grains refer to millet, millet, hemp, wheat, beans, such as "Zhou Li, Disease Medicine" Zheng Xuan's note, "Xunzi Confucianism" Yang Jing's note, etc. The other group believes that the five grains refer to millet, millet, beans, wheat, and rice, such as the Zhao Qi note of "Mencius Teng Wengong", the Gao Lu note of "Huainanzi Xiu Wu Xun", etc., in these two types of statements, there are four crops such as millet, millet, beans, and wheat, and the difference is only the question of whether there is hemp or rice.

Generally speaking, the so-called five grains actually refer to five of the six kinds of grain crops, including millet, millet, beans, wheat, hemp, and rice. Whether the five grains include hemp or rice is just a matter of the composition of the grains in different regions.

In the present era, when it comes to "logistics", it can be said to be a household name. Looking at the constant stream of express packages, this is probably our most familiar understanding of the word. Of course, the concept of logistics does not only refer to express delivery, to put it bluntly, it refers to the "circulation of goods".

Later, with the rapid development of this industry, logistics was divided into transportation, storage, packaging, handling, distribution and processing.

In ancient times, the mode of transportation was mainly land transportation, and then water transportation appeared slowly. The quoted words "cart threshold" and "cart buzz" describe the slow movement of carts. According to this sound, it was supposed to be an ox cart carrying the cargo.

Of course, logistics at that time was only in its initial form. So when will there be a standardized prototype for logistics? According to the available literature, the Qin Dynasty, especially after Qin Shi Huang unified the world, there should be a requirement of "cars on the same track" on the road, which is the best proof of the "standardization" of logistics.

The grain transportation must be personally deacon. After the Shang Dynasty reform, the Qin State vigorously developed agriculture, which led to the widespread popularization of animal-powered carts. Of course, at this time, the animal cart mainly refers to the ox cart.

Historical. The Biography of the Marquis says: (Wei Ran was transferred assets after the strike) there are more than 1,000 trucks.

This shows the popularity of ox carts and, of course, the possibility of using ox carts or handing food to others from the side.

There shall be no private acts in the transportation of grain. Emphasis was placed on agriculture and the suppression of commerce as the main components of the Shang Dynasty Reform Law. In order to get the merchants to abandon commerce and turn to agriculture, the Qin state adopted the method of imposing heavy taxes on the merchants (according to the Book of Shang Jun, the ** of wine and meat was very high, and the rent was very high, ** ten times more).

However, the sales of grain were very high, so the Qin state also stipulated a policy of not buying or selling grain. In order to further prevent the sale of grain, the Qin state also stipulated problematic transportation links. In this way, the grain will not be bought and sold by itself during transportation.

The people had to transport the food themselves, and there was nothing special to do without delay.

The transportation of the Qin State has land transportation and cao transportation, and the land transportation tools have large carts and double wheels.

The law of the Qin Dynasty stipulated that grain and grass must be personally escorted by a magistrate. Trucks carrying grain. The goods and weights of the cattle must be registered, and the inspection must be consistent.

Because of the frequent wars during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the soldiers and horses did not move the grain and grass first, and the grain and grass were still very important at that time, and they were generally escorted by local ** parents and children.

The delivery of grain had to be carried by the magistrate himself, mainly by land.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, grain was mainly transported through livestock.

Not much, the Qin State relied on the fertile soil of Bashu, rich in products, sufficient grain, and the rent of one mu of land in the heyday cost dozens of stones a year.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, millet occupied a major position in the composition of grain crops. "Zhou Li, Diguan, Cangren": "Cangren holds the entry of millet into Tibet", and Zheng Xuan's note "Nine grains are all hidden, mainly millet" are reflected in social and economic life, and the importance of millet's status.

At the same time, wheat and beans have also received widespread attention. For example, the Book of Rites and the Order of the Month says: "The moon of mid-autumn ......."but to sow wheat.

If it is not lost, when it is lost, there is no doubt that it will be guilty. It can be seen that people attached great importance to wheat planting at that time. Another example is "Mozi Shang Xianzhong":

"Mencius: Devoted to the Heart" said: "The sage rules the world, so that there are corn like fire and water, and corn is like fire and water, and the people are unkind." "All reflect the importance that people attached to soybean at that time.

There is no specific figure for the specific output of grain during the Warring States period (too chaotic to count), but it can be said that grain production has been greatly improved. This can be reflected in the population at that time.

At least in the years between the rise and fall of dynasties, the population grew rapidly. Taking into account the change of dynasties, the population, economy, and technology are developing in a spiral. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the population increased from about 2,000 to 30 million.

As for the reason, the progress of agricultural technology and the rise of agricultural science.

Due to the widespread use of iron farming tools, the development of water conservancy and irrigation, the progress of agricultural technology, and especially the improvement of peasants' enthusiasm for production, the output per unit area has increased. According to Li Kui's estimate of the agricultural output of Wei in the early years of the Warring States Period, one mu of land can produce one and a half stones of millet in an ordinary year, and the yield per mu is nine buckets. According to the "Historical Records of the River Canal Book", it is recorded

All the land irrigated by the water of Zhengguo Canal can be harvested for one minute per mu. One bell is six stones and four buckets, and the yield per mu is three stones, eight buckets and four liters, and the yield is indeed very high under the production conditions of the late Warring States period more than 2,000 years ago.

Li Bing of Dujiangyan was appointed by King Qin Zhao as the commander of Shu in about 256 BC and 251 BC. The upper reaches of the Minjiang River are high mountains and deep valleys, the water flow is turbulent, and once it reaches the Chengdu Plain, the flow rate suddenly slows down, and the sediment and gravel carried by it are deposited immediately, silting up the river. Every summer and autumn, the water rises sharply, and the following counties (in present-day Sichuan) are often flooded.

The rainy season is followed by another drought. In order to irrigate farmland and turn water hazards into water conservancy, Li Bing summed up the experience of his predecessors in water control, took advantage of the situation, and relied on the local people to build the Dujiangyan water conservancy project in Dujiangyan City, where the Minjiang River flows out of the mountains and into the plain.

Year by year, the production tools are more advanced.

Actually, I'll be honest, it's not ......It's Xiaomi ......That is, Su ......

At that time, they also ate wheat, so they ate wheat rice, wheat porridge, ......Personally, I think it's a bit similar to today's rice. Then there's the wheat bread ......This is very different from today's bread......Personally, I think it should be rough and hard......There is also the grain of grain, that is, the ...... of dry foodIt is equivalent to today's fried rice ......At that time, fried wheat or fried millet ......

As for whether the rice from Shu can be transported out......I believe in the wisdom ...... of the ancientsAlthough it is unlikely to go by land, there is still a promising ...... for switching by water to landAlthough this is a relatively high price. But the capture of Shu was indeed a ...... that contributed to the unification of the Qin DynastyIf it weren't for the provision of military rations, I can't think of any other contributions, there were very few people in Shu at that time, and they couldn't all be pulled out to be soldiers. But this is at most the first army, what did the people in Guanzhong eat after the unification of Shu.

They already have food ......How could it be shipped somewhere else? At that time, there was no commodity economy in vogue.

It's corn and soybeans.

At that time, stone grinding had not yet been invented. Stone grinding was invented in the Western Han Dynasty.

Until the Three Kingdoms period, the military rations of northern China were mainly corn, that is, millet and millet.

The rice of Shu could not be transported to Guanzhong, because at that time, Shu rice did not take the Shiniu Road, but went down the river by waterway, and then went around the waterway back to the front line.

It was not until Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty developed the Grand Canal that the south could prosper and the country worked hard to develop the south, and from then on the south became a grain supply base, and rice became a food that could influence northern China.

At that time, the crops in the north were mainly millet (millet), flour was also available, and rice was the main crop in Yizhou.

It is the ** battle led by Guan Zhong.

Qilu is a neighboring country, and the fief is about the same size, one is the descendant of the Duke of Zhou, and the other is the descendant of Jiang Ziya. Lu Guo became Guan Zhong's first target to defeat. The textile technology of Lu is developed, and the weaving is thin and fine, which is famous all over the world.

Guan Zhong asked the king of Qi to wear clothes made of Lu Min, and at the same time encouraged all Qi people to wear Lu Min, and at the same time encouraged merchants to import Lu Min in large quantities. In this way, the people of Lu saw that weaving was profitable, and slowly developed into a pillar industry, the fields were planted with mulberry and silkworms, and a large number of farmers were engaged in the production of Lu Min, and agricultural production was abandoned. Guan Zhong saw that the time was ripe, and asked the King of Qi to give an order, and the people of Qi were forbidden to wear Lu Min.

As a result, the economy of Lu was greatly damaged, the export-led economy plummeted, grain prices rose sharply, and Lu was forced to collapse its economy and succumb to Qi without a fight.

Similar economic wars, Guan Zhong has directed many times, and once it was against the state of Chu. The state of Chu is strong and is a fierce rival of the state of Qi. Guan Zhong asked the king of Qi to raise deer, purchased a large number of Chu deer from Chu State, and dumped grain in Chu State at a low price.

Under the coaxing of Qi State, the price of deer soared, and the Chu people went into the mountains to hunt deer, catching a deer was equivalent to the income of planting a few acres of land, so the farmers of Chu abandoned the field to catch deer. Seeing that the time was ripe, Guan Zhong suddenly banned the export of grain, and at the same time banned the raising of deer, and the deer he owned were exported in large quantities and resold at low prices. As a result, the price of deer plummeted and no one wanted it anymore, but the price of grain soared, and the people of Chu had no money to buy grain and fled one after another.

The king of Qi sent troops to attack the state of Chu, and the hungry Chu soldiers fled, and the king of Chu had no choice but to admit defeat and make peace. This war established the overlord of the Qi State.

It's Qi and another country, it seems that it's not a deer or a silkworm, Guan Zhong's strategy.

The story of Qi Huan's hegemony did not destroy the country. To Chu.

It's familiar, but I can't remember it all of a sudden.

I'm just a little bit of a learner, and I want to know what the allusion is.

If you want to take it, you must first take it!

It should be this...