What fertilizers are needed for tobacco cultivation and what fertilizers are applied to tobacco in t

1.Base fertilizer. In order to promote the early growth and rapid growth of tobacco plants before and during the growth period, most of them use heavy basal fertilizer, and 1 2 2 3 of the total amount of fertilizer is used as basal fertilizer.

In general, the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity of tobacco field is strong, and the proportion of basal fertilizer should be large in the tobacco area with relatively little rainfall. On the contrary, the proportion of top dressing should be more. The proportion of base fertilizer in the northern tobacco area is large, 2 3 of all fertilizers are used as base fertilizer, and about 1 3 are used for top dressing, and in the rainy areas of the south, the soil cultivation layer is thin, and the sandy tobacco field is large, the proportion of base fertilizer is small, the proportion of top dressing is large, and the number of top dressing is more.

2.Topdressing. The early topdressing, that is, the topdressing before 40 days after transplanting, is mainly applied to the soil, and the topdressing is mainly foliar spraying in the later stage.

About 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as top dressing, and the top dressing can be carried out in 2 times. For flue-cured tobacco, sun-dried yellow tobacco and white tobacco, it should not be later than 30 days after planting; And sun-dried red smoke and cigar smoke.

The top dressing can be late only open top fertilizer. Tobacco fertilization is commonly applied in holes, ditches and water. Regardless of dispersed or concentrated application, the fertilization depth should be within 5 20 cm soil layer, too deep or too shallow is not conducive to the root absorption of tobacco plants.

Therefore, fertilizers used in tobacco fields, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, must be applied early. Tobacco fertilization implements the fertilization technology of "five combinations and one control", that is, the combination of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and a large number of elements.

Combined with trace elements, underground fertilizer and foliar fertilizer, three fertilization and early top dressing, the application of inferior soil miscellaneous fertilizer was controlled.

In the northern regions of our country.

The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be 1 (1 2) (2 3), the proportion of base fertilizer and top dressing of nitrogen and potassium should be 7 3, all phosphate fertilizer should be applied basally, and the nitrogen of organic fertilizer should account for about 20% of the total amount of nitrogen.

The most important but most difficult to master in all types of tobacco fertilization is the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Low nicotine.

Thin-leaf flue-cured tobacco and burley tobacco should be re-applied with basal fertilizer, and the nitrogen in the fertilizer should be basically absorbed when topping, and a small amount of soil nitrogen should be left to meet the needs of later growth, so as to prevent excessive nitrogen absorption in the mature period, rough and thick leaves, and too high nicotine content. Low-sugar and high-nicotinic flue-cured tobacco and sun-dried yellow tobacco should be fertilized by combining base and chasing or middle-layer strip application to ensure that there is still a certain level of nitrogen supply after topping. For red tobacco and cigar smoke, the base fertilizer and top dressing should be equal or the top dressing should be heavier than the base fertilizer, so that there is still a higher nitrogen supply level after topping.

Spice tobacco not only has to be strictly controlled in terms of total nitrogen application, but also should be used as basal fertilizer in the method, focusing on the dense soil layer of the root system, so as to strictly prevent the nitrogen nutrient level from being too high in the late growth stage, resulting in the growth hypertrophy of the best quality parietal leaves and seriously reducing the quality.

The base fertilizer of tobacco is generally applied all the farm fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and about 60% nitrogen fertilizer at one time. Top dressing: about 40% nitrogen fertilizer is used for top dressing, and top dressing can be carried out in 2 times.

For flue-cured tobacco, sun-dried yellow tobacco and burley tobacco, it should not be later than 30 days after planting; The top dressing of red tobacco and cigar smoke can be as late as the open top fertilizer.

Tobacco fertilization is commonly used in hole application, ditching strip application and water spraying. The depth of fertilization should be within 5-20 cm of soil. Tobacco is effective with both ammonium and nitrate nitrogen application:

It is not easy to have nitrogen deficiency in the early stage and nitrogen excess in the later stage. It conforms to the law of "rich when young, poor when old" for tobacco, which is conducive to the normal yellowing of tobacco, easy to bake, and good combustibility. Tobacco is very sensitive to chlorine, and when the chlorine content of the leaves exceeds 1%, it will cause the leaves to burn poorly, and in severe cases, the flame will go out.

Therefore, fertilizers containing more chlorine should be used less, as well as compound fertilizers that use it as raw materials. The calcium absorbed by tobacco is second only to potassium, and it is also prone to zinc nutrient deficiency, so it is necessary to supplement the deficiency of calcium and zinc in the soil in time.

Tobacco planting and fertilization methods:

1.Base fertilizer: Tobacco planting should be reapplied basal fertilizer, base fertilizer accounts for 65% of the total amount of fertilizer, 5000 kg of rotting farmhouse organic fertilizer per mu, compound fertilizer.

30 kg, zinc sulfate.

kilograms, the fertilizer and the soil in the hole are fully mixed and planted in 5-7 days.

2.Top dressing: 1) Top dressing for the first time, 5-7 days after transplantation, apply 30-40 quintals of decomposed manure water per mu, or pick a series of water-soluble fertilizers from fertile leaves.

2) The second top dressing, the time is to have 12 true leaves.

Combined with cultivating and weeding, top dressing and small soil cultivation applied 500 kg of farm fertilizer per mu; Or apply fertile leaf series water-soluble fertilizer per mu, 5 kg per acre.

3) For the third top dressing, when the tobacco plant has 14-15 true leaves, combine compound fertilizer and crushed peanut bran to fertilize.

4) The fourth top dressing, foliar fertilization in the later stage, after the topping of tobacco leaves, potassium dihydrogen phosphate with fertile leaves.

Spray tobacco leaves, once every 7 days, 3 times in a row.

Reasonable fertilization is the key measure to regulate tobacco nutrition and achieve high quality and high yield. Tobacco planting is mainly based on basal fertilizer, using the method of balanced fertilization, and nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the early stage, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In the middle and late stages of tobacco growth, foliar spraying of amino acid foliar fertilizer mixed with 15 30 kg of water was used to promote crop growth and greatly improve the quality of agricultural products.

It is best to apply organic fertilizers in the process of tobacco planting, and the other is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Compound fertilizer with a high content.

1. Tobacco fertilizer is mainly made according to the fertility characteristics of tobacco and the characteristics of fertilizer, and the test results in recent years show that the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tobacco fertilizer is very high. Moreover, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and other elements are added to meet the growth of tobacco, after the use of the fertilizer, the plant height grows, the stem is thick and the leaves are long, which can significantly improve the economic benefits.

It can not only increase the yield of tobacco leaves by 7%-12%, but also improve the quality of tobacco.

2. Tobacco itself is a relatively delicate crop, so it has high requirements for the planting environment, tobacco likes a warm and humid environment, and it has relatively high requirements for temperature, less than 10 degrees Celsius.

It can't grow. In addition, the requirements for moisture tobacco are also relatively high.

3. The areas where tobacco is suitable for planting in China are relatively limited, almost only on the line of the Huai River in the Qinling Mountains.

Only the regions south of the tobacco can meet the temperature conditions at which tobacco grows, and the moisture requirements make the range that can be grown even narrower. Tobacco growth also needs enough light, so the planting area of tobacco in China is still relatively small.

1. Characteristics of tobacco nitrogen requirement.

Tobacco requires nitrogen form. Tobacco plants can absorb nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen, but the effects of different forms of nitrogen on the growth and development, yield and quality of tobacco plants are different. According to the results of nitrogen fertilizer variety experiments in the tobacco areas of Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Guizhou and other provinces in China, it can be seen that the effect of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is the best, followed by the fertilizer efficiency of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, and the fertilizer efficiency of amide nitrogen and organic nitrogen fertilizer becomes worse in turn.

Because nitrate nitrogen fertilizer does not need any transformation to be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, it is not disturbed by factors such as low temperature and soil disinfection, so that tobacco can absorb nitrogen immediately after the seedling stage, so it can promote the early growth of tobacco plants, and can reach the maximum growth in a short time, while nitrate nitrogen is not adsorbed by soil colloids, and it is more convenient and rapid to move in the soil, and can move to the dense soil layer of tobacco roots, and when nitrogen is not needed in the later stage of tobacco plants, nitrate nitrogen is also easy to leach, so that tobacco plants can mature normally and fall yellow in layers. In order to achieve a high-quality and productive appearance. However, in rainy years, it is easy to cause late defertilization and premature aging, and attention should be paid to the application of top dressing. Therefore, in the United States, Brazil and other advanced tobacco production countries, tobacco special fertilizer, at least 50% nitrate nitrogen is applied as basal fertilizer, and as top dressing, 100% nitrate nitrogen is required.

The growth period of tobacco is 160 180 days, and the seedbed stage is about 60 days, which is divided into seedling stage, cross stage, rooting stage and seedling stage. The field stage is 100 120 days, which is divided into slow seedling stage, root extension stage, vigorous long period and mature stage. Generally, for every 1000 kg of flue-cured tobacco produced, 22 kg of nitrogen (N), 48 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) and 48 kg of potassium (K2O) are required, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1::

2。Tobacco is both a potassium-loving crop and a chlorine-avoiding crop, which needs more potassium and likes nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, but it is not suitable for chlorine-containing fertilizer. Tobacco requires different amounts of fertilizer at different growth stages.

The seedbed stage requires less fertilizer before the cross stage, and the fertilizer demand gradually increases after the cross stage, so that the amount of fertilizer required is more in the 15 days before transplanting, and the nitrogen absorbed during this period accounts for the total phosphorus and potassium of the total nitrogen uptake of tobacco at the seedbed stage. In the field stage, the absorption of nutrients within 30 days after transplanting is less, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounts for the total uptake of the whole growth period, respectively6%。

The period of a large amount of fertilizer absorption is 45 days to 75 days after transplanting, the peak of absorption is in the cluster tree, the budding period, this period of absorbing nitrogen for the total amount of phosphorus and potassium absorbed by tobacco, after which the absorption of various nutrients gradually declines, after the topping due to the occurrence of secondary roots, the nutrient absorption has rebounded, for the total amount of absorption, but at this time the soil contains too much nitrogen, easy to cause growth, the formation of black storm smoke, not suitable for baking.

In our Chuxiong, there are two kinds of fertilizers distributed in the past few years, they are: special organic fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, 15-15-18 nitrate nitrogen compound fertilizer; This year, another fertilizer was distributed: potassium nitrate.

Plant growth needs nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements, if you grow tobacco, now there is generally a special compound fertilizer to buy tobacco in the local sales of fertilizer, special compound fertilizer can be mixed with animal manure and other organic fertilizers to use more effectively.

The requirements for the quality of flue-cured tobacco vary depending on the requirements of the cigarette industry. At present, the international market requires the lowest suitable yield of the main material tobacco in the mixed cigarette, and it is advisable to produce 300 kg of tobacco leaves per mu; The suitable yield of filled cigarettes in mixed cigarettes is the highest, with about 400 kg of tobacco leaves per mu. Of course, the appropriate yield indicators will also vary according to different environments.

The three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are still the most important problems in flue-cured tobacco fertilization. Among them, nitrogen is the first, and the first principle of flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer is: the early growth stage should be sufficient, the long period of prosperity should be sufficient, and the maturity period should be low but not lacking.

At present, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are still the main problems in the fertilization of flue-cured tobacco, among which nitrogen is the first place, and more nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer need to be added.

Tobacco in the process of growing. What kind of fertilizers do you need to use? In fact, it depends on the condition of the local soil.

If there is more lack in the soil, then eat more fertilizer. That is, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. To achieve a balance.

Seedling stage: before the cross stage, tobacco needs less fertilizer in this period; After the cross period, the fertilizer requirement gradually increased, and the fertilizer requirement was more in the first 15 days before transplanting.

Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer can be applied during the planting process of tobacco, which can help tobacco grow faster and healthier.

In the process of growing tobacco, they use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which are indispensable.

Farmhouse organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, zinc sulfate, water-soluble fertilizer.

Organic fertilizer, or farmhouse rice field altogether.

Check the seedlings and replenish the seedlings. After transplanting and returning seedlings, check the seedlings immediately, find that the lack of seedlings should be replanted in time, and a small amount of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer or compound fertilizer should be applied in the hole when replanting, and water enough to ensure the survival rate of transplanted seedlings.

Tobacco is practical in the process of growing, which fertilizers? I think tobacco should be grown with compound fertilizers.

If the fertilizer used in the tobacco planting process is used, you can query the relevant data of tobacco cultivation professional, which will have some scientific recommendations.

Use organic fertilizer or farmhouse fertilizer for transplanting from the seedling tray, and use some of the subsequent nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements.

In fact, tobacco is subject to those organic fertilizers in the planting process, and these organic fertilizers are an important factor that protects its growth and is not destroyed.

Tobacco cultivation generally uses farmhouse fertilizer, preferably bean fertilizer, which is effective, and it is strictly forbidden to use chemical fertilizer.

Tobacco has a high demand for potassium fertilizer during cultivation, but because it is very sensitive to chlorine, chlorine-containing fertilizers should not be used when fertilizing. It is recommended when fertilizing tobacco.

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with a nutrient content of up to 86% (52% phosphorus and 34% potassium), which is now called "god fertilizer" or "universal fertilizer".It can not only promote fruit swelling and color change and crop metabolism, but also improve the rooting, frost resistance and stress resistance of crops. Its wide range of use, strong adaptability, excellent use effect, sought after by the majority of users, once called "universal fertilizer", although it is a good thing, but also can not be used blindly, in the crop growth cycle to control the number of use, the general spraying control in 2 3 times is appropriate.

But it must be absorbed by the foliage of the crop. Therefore, its absorption and utilization is limited, and it must be matched with the appropriate concentration to be absorbed by crops. If the concentration is too large, it will cause waste and the crop will not be able to absorb it.

The preparation concentration is too low, labor-intensive and time-consuming, and it cannot play its due role. My apple trees are generally sprayed 2 4 times according to the situation when spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate every year, which is not to say that it can only be sprayed two or three times, but it is useless to spray more, spraying several times according to the growth of crops and the demand for nutrients to decide, spraying more may have the opposite effect.

When using potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the concentration of dilution is very important, usually spraying the foliage, and the effect of spraying the foliage is good, the effect is fast, during the growth period, often spray the foliage with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, which can make it strong and leafy, and the flowers are colorful. In the jointing period of grain crops, budding stage, booting stage, grain filling stage, the use effect is good, the yield increase is 10% to 40%, the number of spraying is not necessarily 2 to 3 times, it can also be used many times, according to the type of crop and the length of the growth period, it can be used once every 8 to 10 days.

In fact, there is no hard and fast rule that potassium dihydrogen phosphate can only be used two or three times a year, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is often used in orchid planting, and it is normal to use potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-4 times a year. The reason for this statement is that it is considered from two aspects.