Is percutaneous nephroscopic surgery for kidney stones an option?

In general, the current surgery requires anesthesia, and nerve block anesthesia is usually used to achieve the purpose of anesthesia, and local anesthetics are injected around the nerve trunks, plexus, and nodes to block the impulse conduction, so that the innervated area produces anesthetic effect, which is called nerve block. The nerve block requires only one injection to obtain a large anesthetized area. However, there is a possibility of serious complications, so it is necessary to be familiar with the local anatomy and understand the tissues through which the needle is to be penetrated, as well as the nearby blood vessels, organs and body cavities.

Commonly used nerve blocks include intermediate, infraorbital, sciatic, and digital (toe) nerve trunk blocks, cervical plexus and brachial plexus blocks, and stellate ganglion and lumbar sympathetic ganglion blocks for diagnosis and treatment.

Kidney stones are a common disease of the urinary system, if kidney stones block the ureter, it will often cause hydronephrosis, excessive hydronephage, easy to compress the cortex of the kidneys, resulting in kidney atrophy, positive cortex thinning, for a long time will affect the function of the kidneys, when kidney stones appear, we must do a kidney color ultrasound in the local hospital, to confirm the immediate size of the stones is relatively small, you can take conservative **, if the stones are relatively large, you can go through extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. If there are kidney stones, they must be discharged as soon as possible, and there is a convenient way to drink jade to improve, and dissolve stones to say goodbye to stones.

Nowadays, more and more young people are suffering from kidney stones, it stands to reason that young people's kidneys should be very healthy, after all, the physical fitness is good, there should not be too many problems, but the formation of stones has indeed attracted the attention of countless young people. In fact, the reason why young people get kidney stones has a lot to do with poor lifestyle and eating habits, so what is the reason why kidney stones regret doing minimally invasive kidney stones, and why do some people regret percutaneous kidney surgery?

If the examination reveals that the patient's kidney stones are severe and have affected their lives, the doctor may recommend surgery. Nowadays, many patients with kidney stones will choose to do minimally invasive surgery, compared with traditional surgery, the minimally invasive surgery for kidney stones does have many advantages, it will not leave too much wound after surgery, and the recovery is also fast, but minimally invasive surgery to deal with kidney stones may still be the best.

Kidney stones regret minimally invasive, probably because some patients are mild, they may not need to undergo minimally invasive surgery, and drugs can be performed**, so these patients regret the surgery. In fact, minimally invasive surgery ** kidney stones are also good, as long as the body is well cared for, the damage to the body will be greatly reduced, as long as the body can bring the manuscript to get better as soon as possible, there is no need to regret it.

Percutaneous kidney surgery for kidney stones is also a method for kidney stones, but some people say they regret doing percutaneous kidney surgery, probably because they feel that there is no advantage in choosing this surgery, so they regret it a little after doing this surgery. In fact, before choosing this surgery, it is recommended that the patient have a good understanding of percutaneous kidney surgery, and the doctor will also tell the patient the surgical plan that can be implemented according to the patient's situation, and inform the patient of the risks of surgery, and the patient can choose the most suitable surgical method for himself.

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive urological surgery, which, together with ureteroscopic technique and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, has become the main method of upper urinary tract stones in modern times, and has completely changed the surgical method of traditional open surgery. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can eliminate the need for open surgery for the vast majority of kidney stones.

Indications: 1. All kidney stones requiring open surgical intervention, including complete and incomplete staghorn stones, 2cm kidney stones, symptomatic renal calyces or diverticular stones, extracorporeal shock waves that are difficult to crush and failed stones.

2. Large stones above waist 4 in the upper ureter, severe obstruction or 1 5cm in diameter; or ureteral stones due to polyp encapsulation and ureteral tortuosity, ineffective ESWL, or failed ureteroscopy.

3. Special types of kidney stones, including obvious nephrolithiasis obstruction in children, nephrolithiasis in obese patients, nephrolithiasis combined with pyeloureteral junction obstruction or ureteral stenosis, solitary kidney with calculus obstruction, horseshoe kidney and calculus obstruction, transplanted kidney with calculus obstruction, and renal stones without hydrops.

It can be discharged through drugs, with more water and exercise, and for some relatively large stones, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be done to break large stones into small ones, and then discharge them through this ureter and bladder. Lin Bao Pharmaceutical's Stone Draining Oral Solution, you can learn about it, specializing in the treatment of stones.

Hello, kidney stones** methods can be divided into conservative** and surgical**. The need for surgery** depends on the size of the stone, the location of the stone, and the patient's specific situation.

Conservative of kidney stones**:

Conservative** is suitable for patients with nephrolithiasis with stones less than 1 cm in diameter and no urinary tract obstructive lesions. Drinking plenty of water, expelling stones with traditional Chinese medicine, and exercising moderately are used to help the stones pass away on their own. Patients with colic are treated with analgesics, antispasmodic, etc.

Co-infected patients are also given anti-infection**. Because kidney stones must pass through the ureters to pass on their own, they are more likely to pass on their own than ureteral stones. The reminder is that if you find kidney stones, you should drain them early, and you can drink Depu's Shishi Tea, which can slowly dissolve stones, and there is no ***.

It should be noted that if the stone cannot be discharged after a period of time, it is necessary to consult the doctor in the hospital and consider other methods to remove the stone.

Surgery for kidney stones**:

For relatively large stones (transverse diameter of 1cm or more), which are conservative** and difficult to discharge, it is necessary to do minimally invasive surgery for treatment, or break the large stones, and then take stone removal drugs to promote stone removal after surgery.

1) Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the use of external shock wave focusing to break up the stones in the body so that they can be excreted with urine. The advantage is that there is no need for anesthesia, no hospitalization, and it can be received on an outpatient basis**. The disadvantage is that it is not effective for larger and more complex stones, and the kidneys are damaged after many times.

Note: The total number of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is best mastered less than three times.

2) Percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a technique and means to remove stones and relieve obstruction with the help of lithotripsy and stone removal instruments under the direct vision of the endoluminal nephroscope. At the same time, this method is a minimally invasive surgical technique, with an incision of less than 2cm, which has the advantages of high success rate of stone removal, less pain, fewer complications and wide indications.

3) Open surgical lithotomy.

Due to the advent of minimally invasive techniques, the traditional open stone removal surgery has almost been eliminated, and compared with minimally invasive techniques, these open surgeries are more traumatic to the body, more painful, more complications, have a greater impact on kidney function, and have a long postoperative recovery time. At present, open surgery is only suitable for a small proportion of patients with comorbidities.

Different types of kidney stones are performed differently in the later stages, which is worth paying attention to for all patients. If you are in the early stage of kidney stone disease, there may not be a need for surgery**, or you may be able to use ordinary conservative**. **The principles are:

Early detection, early detection**.

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is a minimally invasive operation, generally when the pain cannot be relieved by medication or the diameter of the stone is large, the second operation is used, and it can be discharged from the hospital in two or three days.

Ye Xiongjun, Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital:

From your description, I deduce that your lover's stone should be blocked in the ureteral junction of the renal pelvis, which is the outflow tract, which will cause severe fluid accumulation and may require percutaneous nephroscopy, which will cost about 16,000 to 18,000. If you already have a complete inspection yourself, the cost will be cheaper.

Ye Xiongjun, Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital:

Percutaneous nephroscopy is a minimally invasive surgery, not a traditional open surgery, which only needs to establish an 8mm-1cm channel to enter the kidney, and perform operations such as lithotripsy and stone removal under direct vision. Surgical trauma is much smaller than that of traditional open surgery, the impact on the person is also small, and the recovery is faster, which is the best surgical method for dealing with large or complex kidney stones.

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Surgical methods for kidney stones include: incisional stone removal, extracorporeal lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, soft ureteral lithotripsy, etc.

The traditional method of "incision and stone removal" requires a large incision of about 20cm in the waist, cutting the muscles of the waist to separate the kidneys, and making a small incision in the renal pelvis or renal parenchyma to remove the stones. This method is highly damaged, bleeding is high, painful, and slow to recover. Usually you need to stay in the hospital for about 7 days after surgery.

Because of the large incision of the operation, it is not only unsightly, but also the physical strength of the patient is greatly affected after the operation.

Compared with open surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy has the advantages of less damage, less pain, complete stone removal, and faster recovery. The incision in the lower back is usually less than 1 cm, and because it does not cut the muscle, it does not affect the aesthetics, and there is little to no impact on the labor force after the surgery. Discharge from the hospital is usually 2 to 3 days after surgery.

Compared with laparoscopic stone removal, percutaneous nephrolithotomy has little effect on the kidney and surrounding structures, and does not affect various subsequent kidney surgeries. Compared with extracorporeal lithotripsy, it has a short cycle, immediate effect, and less impact on kidney function.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is suitable for: kidney stones larger than 2 cm, renal stones less than 2 cm with ineffective extracorporeal lithotripsy or significant hydronephrosis, and some upper ureteral stones.