The relationship between the five elements: living things, atmosphere, water, rocks, and soil

Soils evolved from rocks.

Soil, atmosphere, water.

Provide the main conditions for the survival of living things.

Dialectical unity.

The rock is weathered and descented and broken into small particles. Because of the presence of the most rudimentary plants, the organic matter of small particles increases, and eventually a fertile soil is formed. Organisms grow on soil, and different organisms grow on different soils.

The structure of the atmosphere would not be what it is without the atmosphere and aquatic organisms, and the structure of the atmosphere would not be what it is without living organisms. Without vegetation to conserve water, soil erosion and soil fertility will decline. In addition, the flooding of rivers also makes the soil fertile.

The rocks seem to be okay, right?!

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Analysis: Let's talk about biology as the main clue!

The role of living organisms in the geographical environment.

Fundamental function: plant photosynthesis is used for hail. Plants absorb water and nutrients from the environment, and under the photosynthesis of the sun, they synthesize organic matter (grow fruits) and are eaten by animals at all levels.

Such a process is called the biological cycle. The biological cycle can promote the continuous migration and movement of substances and chemical elements in nature, and the continuous flow and transformation of energy, so as to connect the organic and inorganic worlds in the geographical environment.

Change the original atmospheric composition. The main components of the early atmosphere were carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, ammonia, and water vapor. The composition of the Earth's atmosphere today is the result of the participation of biological life.

It is generally believed that the oxygen in the atmosphere is mainly used for photosynthesis; Atmospheric nitrogen also comes partly from the action of living organisms.

Participates in the water cycle and changes the composition of land water. Organisms absorb certain chemical elements and compounds from the water body and release others during their metabolism, thus changing the chemical composition of terrestrial water. Greenery participates in the water cycle and improves the water profile of the land.

Affects rock formation and weathering. For example, sedimentary rocks are mostly formed with the participation of living organisms, and some of them are formed by the accumulation of the remains of pure living organisms, such as coal and oil. The presence of terrestrial organisms also accelerated the weathering of rocks, contributing to the formation of soils.

Environmental benefits of greenery (air purification; regulating the climate; conserve water and soil; windbreak and sand fixation, protect farmland; Smoke and dust to filter the air; Noise reduction; landscaping, etc.).

Raw accompaniments play a leading role in the formation of soils. The rocks on the surface of the earth form loose soil-forming parent material under the action of weathering. Some microorganisms and lower plants grow on the parent material, marking the beginning of the soil-forming process.

The transformation of the parent material by organisms is manifested in the following aspects: first, the accumulation of organic matter, and second, the original enrichment process of nutrients. That's not much to explain.

In this way, under the action of organisms, coupled with the participation of other elements such as climate and topography, and after a long-term development process, the soil parent material forms a soil layer with a certain fertility.

Ok, that's all.

1. Organisms create soil: In the process of soil formation, lichens, mosses and some microorganisms play an important role.

2. Soil nurturing organisms: all kinds of land plants grow on the soil, and ticks, mites, many types of fungi, earthworms, turtles, etc. take the soil as their home.

3. Biological modification of soil: the humus formed by the litter of plants makes the soil fertile, and the lower animals and microorganisms modify the remains of various organisms in the soil, and the activity of animals is that the soil becomes soft.

1. Organisms create soil: In the process of soil formation, lichens, mosses and some microorganisms play an important role.

2. Soil nourishment organisms: all kinds of land plants grow in the soil, tick mites, many types of fungi, earthworms, turtles, hail pies, etc.

3. Biological modification of soil: the humus formed by the litter of plants makes the soil fertile, and the lower animals and microorganisms modify the soil source to cultivate the remains of various organisms in Naihe, and the activity of animals is that the soil becomes soft.

Weathering is the phenomenon of rocks changing under the long-term combined action of the atmosphere, water, organisms, etc.

Weathering phenomenon: the long-term interaction between rocks and air, water, carbon dioxide and other substances, a complex chemical reaction occurs, or under the influence of temperature, water and organisms, the disintegration and fragmentation of rocks on or near the surface of the earth, forming many rock fragments or sand particles of different sizes.

Carbon dioxide. (o) Happy Dragon Boat Festival.

The occurrence forms of water in rocks and soils include gaseous water, bound water, capillary water, mineral water and gravity water. The main factors that have an impact on engineering precipitation are gravity water, capillary water and bound water.

1.Water in gaseous water, solid water, and minerals.

Gaseous water refers to water vapor that exists in the voids of rocky soil. Gaseous water can move with the air or migrate from places with high water vapor pressure to places with low pressure. When the temperature is below 0°, the liquid water in the void transforms into solid water.

In addition, there are crystalline water or structural water that exists in and between mineral crystals.

Figure 1-1 Schematic diagram of combined water.

2.Combine with water.

The surface of the soil particles has a negative charge, which can form an electric field around the soil particles, because the water molecules are polar molecules, one end has a positive charge, and the other end is negatively charged, the water molecules and cations within the range of the electric field of the soil particles are adsorbed on the surface of the soil particles together and are arranged in a directional manner to form a thin film of water, which is called bound water. Bound water can be divided into strongly bound water and weakly bound water (Figure 1-1).

1) Strong binding water.

The bound water, which is attracted by the electric field of the particles and is tightly adsorbed around the particles, is called strongly bound water, and the thickness is several water molecules thick.

Characteristics: no solubility, can not transmit hydrostatic pressure, properties close to solid, density, difficult to evaporate, difficult to freeze (-78), with great viscosity, elasticity and shear strength.

2) Weakly bound water.

Weakly bound water is a bound water film on the periphery of strongly bound water, with a thickness of < 200.

Features: Weakly bound water can not transmit hydrostatic pressure, can move to the adjacent water film, freezing point, when the thickness of weakly bound water is large, the cohesive soil is plastic.

The existence of bound water has a great influence on the seepage of water in cohesive soil, which increases the seepage resistance of water, hinders the flow of water in the pores, and makes the cohesive soil slow down due to the existence of bound water, the drainage consolidation time is prolonged, and the soil settlement and compression time is slow after being stressed as the foundation soil.

3.Capillary water.

Capillary water exists in the capillary pores and narrow crevices of rock and soil, and is supported by surface tension. According to the state of existence and the connection with gravity water in the saturated zone, capillary water is divided into hanging capillary, contact capillary water and general capillary.

4.Gravity water.

Gravity water refers to water that exists between rocks, soil particles, and outside the bound water layer, and is not affected by the electrostatic attraction of particles, and can move freely under the action of gravity. The groundwater we are talking about, such as well water, spring water, foundation pit gushing water, etc., is gravity water, which has the general characteristics of liquid water. Gravity water can produce buoyancy force, which can transmit hydrostatic pressure and pore water pressure; Flowing gravitational water generates hydrodynamic pressure during movement; Gravity water has the ability to dissolve, and it has chemical latent erosion of soluble rocks, resulting in the destruction of rock composition and structure.

It is the main object of hydrogeological research.

d Organics are most compounds that contain carbon. Conserve water. This one..

Have you ever seen an animal that dies with a mouthful of water and doesn't spit it out to conserve water? Increase the proportion of air. What's the ratio?

You don't say it. Accelerates the decomposition of rocks. The decomposition of rocks and the formation of rocks are in dynamic equilibrium, and there is a crust underneath the earth, and the crust is very hot, and it is full of molten lava, and the rocks are dead in their hands.

But at the same time, new rock layers are constantly forming on the ground. Creatures are nothing more than accelerating the weathering of rocks. So what does the rock have to do with the soil, it doesn't matter.

So living things are not about the soil. Accumulation of organic matter means manure! Do you understand?

CO2 in the air is not organic matter, it is fixed into organic matter by plants. Then there is something to eat the plant, and then there is dung. In fact, when the plant fixes C, it has already synthesized organic matter, and as long as he dies and returns to nature, he will increase organic matter.

What is the main role of organisms in soil formation? Select D to increase the accumulation of organic matter.

a. Conserve water b. Increase the proportion of air c. Accelerate rock decomposition d. Increase the accumulation of organic matter.

Plant and animal carcasses and excreta accumulate among rock particles and are important for soil humus and organic matter**. dIncrease the accumulation of organic matter – right. cAccelerated rock decomposition - can only be regarded as accelerating the weathering of rocks, not the formation of soil.

I choose DOrganisms are the ** of organic matter in the soil, so they mainly increase the accumulation of organic matter.

Option C Although increasing organic matter is also one of the effects. But it is not the main effect.

It should be to increase the accumulation of organic matter.

I'm sorry, I can't answer systematically: I recommend you to find my teaching version of the first year of high school geography, the third chapter talks about the part of soil formation. In general, there are different roles of animals, plants, and microorganisms. I don't remember exactly.