What are the prevention and control methods of jujube tree diseases and pests in autumn and winter?

If the jujube tree germinates late, blooms late, and the growth period is short, so the time of various pests is relatively concentrated, if it is not prevented and controlled in time, the leaves, flowers and fruits of the jujube tree will be seriously damaged, resulting in the reduction of leaf photosynthesis, serious flower and fruit dropping, and the yield will decline, and the main insect pests of the winter jujube are jujube gall mosquitoes, green blind bugs, red spiders, scale insects, snails, jujube inchworms, etc., germination stage, flower bud stage, jujube gall mosquitoes, green blind bugs, mainly scale insects, red spiders in the middle and late stages, if there is continuous rainy weatherIn the dormant wintering of jujube trees, it is necessary to completely sweep away the diseased leaves that have fallen, burn them intensively, and prevent the spread of pathogens, and the prevention and control of pesticides: it is sprayed twice in early and mid-July with 500 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, which can be effectively controlled.

Spider mites and rust ticks belong to mites, which mainly harm the leaves of jujube trees, which can occur for more than ten generations a year, but the damage to jujube trees is mainly in spring and autumn. For the treatment of red spiders, do not use insecticides (insecticides have no effect on them), and use acaricide prevention measures: in my experience, it is best to implement soil cultivation in autumn and winter, and cover it with plastic film after soil cultivation, which can not only effectively kill heart-eating larvae, but also enhance the jujube tree to survive the winter without being frosted, killing two birds with one stone.

Of course, it can also be controlled with drugs, which I don't advocate here.

Pests that are harmful to jujube trees. The common jujube zigzag is also called the jujube inchworm, if it encounters an outbreak year, the affected jujube tree, the leaves can almost be eaten by it. Blind bugs belong to the stinging and sucking pests, especially in recent years, the damage of green blind bugs has an upward trend control methods:

1) Pesticide control: when the jujube buds are 3 cm long, spray with 2000 3000 times of cypermethrin and 3000 times; (2) Spray 600-800 times of Tiannuo bacteria to kill the enemy.

For example, for the prevention and control of aphids, whiteflies, American spotted loons and other pests, you can choose 2% Tianda avermectin, 3% Tianda acetamiprid, cyhalothrin, 48% chlorpyrifos, aphid lice Suke, insect mite, imidacloprid and other agents.

The method of prevention and control is to spray more pesticides in autumn and winter, and secondly, you need to apply more fertilizer to let these jujube trees thrive and improve immunity, so that there will be no pests and diseases.

It is necessary to carry out the work of clearing the garden in advance, burn some of the infected weeds, clean up the pupa and cocoons of insects, scrape off the bark of the old area, apply a layer of white agent, and block the tree holes

Some insects in the jujube tree rely on pesticides for control, and spraying related pesticides can also be used for prevention and control.

The common diseases of jujube trees mainly include: jujube madness, jujube rust, jujube brown spot and jujube anthracnose.

1. Jujube madness. Prevention and control methods: Regularly remove diseased plants and branches in the orchard, and take them out of the orchard for burning or burial. Spraying 1605 or dimethoate 1000 times in June and July can also effectively control leafhoppers.

2. Jujube rust. Jujube rust only harms the leaves, and at the beginning of the disease, the back of the leaves is scattered with small pale green spots, which gradually turn into light gray-brown. Prevention and control methods:

Choose a healthy and disease-resistant jujube tree variety. Prune and prune the leaves regularly to keep the jujube orchard and canopy well ventilated and light-transmitting. In early July and mid-to-late August, spray 180 times the amount of Bordeaux solution for control.

3. Jujube brown spot disease. Prevention and control methods: do a good job in clearing the garden, remove the dead fruits and bury them deeply, and carefully prune the dead branches and diseased and insect branches of the jujube orchards or plants with serious diseases, so as to reduce the pathogen.

Keep the jujube orchard ventilated and light-transmitting, reduce the air humidity of the jujube orchard, and reduce the incidence of disease. 5-10 days before germination, spray 100 times of 40{bf} formarsine wettable powder, or 100 times of 50be stone sulfur mixture pentachlorophenol solution to eradicate overwintering bacteria on the tree.

4. Jujube anthracnose.

Prevention and control methods: reduce the number of bacterial sources and reduce the source of disease. Remove jujube hanging, fallen leaves, and diseased fruits under the tree in time.

Try not to use the Robinia locust shelterbelt and use other tree species instead. Focus on the prevention and control of stinging and sucking mouthparts pests such as bugs and leafhoppers. In late June, a fungicide was used to eliminate the source of the disease on the tree.

Common pests that harm jujube trees include jujube zigzag, also known as jujube inchworm, blind bug, peach heartworm, and jujube gall mosquito.

Prevention and control measures. In agricultural control, the adults of Jujube inchworm have phototaxis, and during the period of unearthed featherement, black light is used to trap and kill. Biological control, spraying of pesticides.

Chemical control. In the pest emergence period, sprinkle about three kilograms of phosphine granules per mu on the surface, focusing on the surroundings of the tree tray, and then use a small rotary tiller to loosen the soil shallowly, so that the adults will be killed when they are unearthed.

There are many common insect pests of jujube trees, and the common ones in the northern region are red spiders, peach heartworms, jujube inchworms, bare-shouldered star beetles, turtle wax scale insects, etc. Their living habits are both the same and different, so the control period and method should also vary from insect to insect. However, comprehensive prevention and control is advocated.

One, red spiders.

Second, the peach heartworm.

The peach heartworm mainly harms the fruit of the jujube tree, which eats the pulp inside the fruit, causes the fruit to fall early in the young fruit stage, and causes the fruit to be inedible in the mature stage, which affects the yield and quality of the jujube tree. In view of the habit that its eggs are hidden in the ground, the larvae are generally monthly, biting and eating the fruit of the jujube tree, and burrowing into the inside of the fruit, the following two methods are generally adopted for prevention and control.

In spring, turn the soil under the tree and sprinkle medicine (500g of 50% phosphine emulsifiable concentrate mixed with 20kg of fine soil) to kill insect eggs.

Three, jujube inchworm.

Jujube inchworm is generally a generation a year, the pupa hides in the soil under the tree or under the dead branches and weeds, begins to emerge in March, begins to lay eggs and hatch in April, and the larvae to adults are harmful to the buds, buds and young fruits of the jujube tree. If it is not prevented in time, it will bring greater risks to practitioners, and the general methods are:

Turn over the soil under the tree, collect insect pupae, and burn them intensively.

Fourth, turtle wax scale insects, bare-shouldered star beetles. These two pests only occur sporadically in my jujube orchard, and can be killed by general pyrethroid drugs.

In addition, pests have natural enemies, so biological control is also very important, but because its effect is not obvious and the effect is slow, it is rarely used.

There are many kinds of diseases and insect pests of jujube trees, including jujube armyworm, jujube turtle wax scale insect and jujube leaf tick that occur from June to July, Spodoptera exigua, and peach heartworm that harm jujube flowers and young fruits. After mid-July, the main disease is jujube rust; After August to the harvest period, the main pests and diseases are jujube fruit shrinkage, jujube rust, and peach heartworm. The occurrence and harm of the above-mentioned pests and diseases often occur at the same time in a jujube orchard, so it should be comprehensively considered in the prevention and control, and strive to treat several pests and diseases at the same time, minimize the number of drugs and reduce the amount of drugs, and improve the control effect.

In early June, 500 grams of 1605 microcapsules were dissolved in kilograms of water, and then 150 kilograms of fine soil were mixed to make poisonous soil, and then the poisonous soil was evenly sprinkled under the canopy, and each plant was sprinkled with kilograms of poisonous soil. You can also use 500 grams of 1605 microcapsules to 150 kg of water, evenly spray the surface under the canopy, and then gently hug the topsoil with a vegetable rake. In mid to late June, the tree was sprayed with a mixture of 40% dimethoate 1500 times plus 8000 times pyrethrin and 300 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate to control the second generation of jujube armyworm and jujube leaf tick.

From early to mid-July, spray with a mixture of 6000 times pyrethrin plus 600-300 times hydramidothion and 300 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate to control peach heartworm and jujube turtle wax scale worm. From late July to early August, 1000 times plus 1 2 300 Bordeaux liquid mixture of 1605 microcapsules was used to spray the trees to control jujube rust and the second generation of peach heartworm.

The main reason for the low yield and poor quality of jujube trees is that jujube trees are widely distributed and harmful. At present, there are more than 10 serious pests and diseases in the jujube orchard, and most of them have different living habits and occurrence rules, which increases the difficulty of prevention and control. These pests and diseases have different effects on the growth and fruiting of jujube trees.

Therefore, timely prevention and control of jujube tree diseases and insect pests and ensure the healthy growth of the tree is the key to a bumper harvest of jujube fruit. Jujube rust is caused by fungi, and during the fruit expansion period, a large number of leaves fall off.

The disease mainly affects the leaves and sometimes the fruits. Light green lesions are scattered on the underside of the affected leaves and then gradually turn to a light grayish-brown color. Eventually, the lesions turn yellowish-brown and have summer spores accumulating.

Where the leaves face the summer spore pile, irregular brownish-green spots appear and gradually lose their luster and turn into yellowish-brown corner spots. The bacteria mostly overwinter on diseased leaves. Local fruit growers also call it"Broom disease"or"Crazy date tree", is a disease caused by mycoplasma.

The disease mainly affects jujube trees and wild jujube trees, and is a devastating disease of jujube trees. After the date palm is infected, both the aboveground and underground parts show abnormal fertility. Do a good job in the prevention and control of the first generation of larvae, that is, when the young branches of the jujube tree grow to about 3 cm, use 90% trichlorfon 1000 times liquid, 20% fenvalerate 3000 times liquid alternately, the effect is better, use 25% Fenyoule No. 3 1500 2000 times liquid spray control, spray biological pesticides at the flowering and fruit stages, and use chlordigon and borborer 100 200 times liquid to prevent and control.

Choose disease-resistant varieties.

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1. Agricultural prevention and control.

Measures such as pruning diseased and insect branches, removing dead branches and fallen leaves, scraping off tree trunk cracked bark, turning over tree trays, ground straw mulching, and scientific fertilization should be taken to inhibit the occurrence of pests and diseases.

2. Physical anti-guessing and balance.

According to the biological characteristics of pests, sweet and sour liquid, tree trunk wrapping grass rope, vibrational insecticidal lamp and black light were used to trap and kill insects.

3. Biological control.

Artificial release of red-eyed bees to protect ladybugs, lacewings, predatory mites and other repentant predators, soil application of Beauveria bassiana to control peach heartworm, jujube inchworm, jujube armyworm, etc., the use of insect extrasexual hormones to trap or interfere with adult mating.

4. Chemical control.

1) Principles of medication. According to the biological characteristics and harmful characteristics of the control objects, the use of bio-derived pesticides, mineral-derived pesticides and low-toxicity organic pesticides is allowed, the use of toxic pesticides is limited, and the use of highly toxic, highly toxic and high-residue pesticides is prohibited.

2) Scientific and rational use of pesticides. Strengthen the forecasting of pests and diseases, so that targeted and timely use of drugs, and do not use drugs when the control indicators or the proportion of beneficial pests and pests is not reasonable.

The common diseases in the planting process of jujube trees include jujube madness, jujube iron skin disease, jujube rust, etc., and the common insect pests of jujube trees in the growth process are jujube bud weevil, jujube inchworm, jujube peach small heartworm, jujube sickle-winged small curly moth, jujube peach six-point moth, etc., the following is an analysis of jujube tree disease and pest control technology.

Jujube madness mainly affects jujube trees and sour jujube trees.

Symptoms usually appear after flowering.

There are gourd jujubes, abnormal germination of buds, leaf lesions, leaf hardening and brittleness, fruit lesions, root lesions and other phenomena.

When preventing and controlling jujube madness, it is necessary to strengthen the management of jujube orchards, focusing on water and fertilizer management, and to carry out deep ploughing and empty expansion of holes for poor soil conditions, and increase the application of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; 200g 667m2 of soil non-deep tillage treatment agent for hole application, 250g-300g 667m2 of soil biological bacteria inoculant for hole application; Loosen the soil, improve soil properties, improve soil fertility, and enhance the disease resistance of trees.

If the disease of the jujube tree is not severe enough, a tetracycline drug can be used** and applied twice a year.

The time of application is in early spring, before the sap flows, at 50cm-80cm of the main trunk of the diseased plant, drill 3 rows or circumferentially cut along the trunk circumference, deep into the xylem, and then stuff the cotton wool soaked in 400ml-500ml of 250 times liquid plexus spiritual liquid, wrap it tightly with plastic sheeting, and trim all kinds of diseased branches at the same time.

Jujube iron skin disease mainly affects jujube fruit, generally starting from the shoulder of the fruit, appearing irregular patches, until the whole fruit turns yellow-brown.

For the management of this disease, it is necessary to improve the ventilation and light transmission of the orchard, prevent waterlogging and drought in the growth process of jujube trees, hoe and turn over the soil, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to enhance the growth of fruit trees and improve disease resistance.

Jujube rust mainly harms leaves.

The prevention and control of jujube rust is similar to that of jujube iron disease, mainly to strengthen the management of cultivation and blind cultivation, and the jujube orchard should not be densely planted with cherry blossoms, and should be reasonably pruned to make it ventilated and transparent; If it is really in the rainy season, you should drain the water in time to prevent the garden from being too wet, and at the same time, you should clean up the fallen leaves in time.

To prevent and control jujube rust, chemical methods can also be used, 200 times of powder rust is the main preparation for the prevention and control of jujube rust, generally every 6-7 days can be sprayed, sprayed 3-4 times can be effective control of the fungus, thereby reducing the impact of pests and diseases.