What are the characteristics of modern chemical science in ancient and modern times?

The development of chemical science can be divided into three stages: ancient, modern and modern, each with its own unique characteristics.

The characteristics of ancient chemical science are mainly manifested in the development of macroscopic aspects. During this period, alchemists promoted the development of chemistry, and through heating, smelting, purification and other means, many metals and alloys were prepared, and many chemical substances and reactions were discovered, such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal chlorides, etc. At the same time, the ancient chemical science also involved some life and production practices, such as ceramics, brewing, dyeing and other applications.

Modern chemical science has paid more attention to the study of chemistry at the elemental level. At this stage, people began to study the composition and structure of matter, gradually discovered various chemical elements and compounds, and began to use chemical methods and theories to study their properties and changes. The achievements of modern chemical science are very rich, such as Mendeleev's periodic table of elements, Avogadro's molecular theory, etc.

The research of modern chemical science is more in-depth, from macro to micro, from qualitative to quantitative, and from static to dynamic. Modern chemical science involves many microscopic studies at the molecular and atomic levels, such as quantum chemistry theory, chemical thermodynamics, and kinetics. At the same time, modern chemical science also involves some emerging technologies and methods, such as computer simulation, nanotechnology, etc.

The application of these new technologies allows people to study the nature and mechanism of chemical reactions in more depth, so as to better understand and control chemical processes.

In short, the development of chemical science is a process of continuous deepening and expansion, and each stage has its own unique characteristics. Through the continuous research and exploration of chemical science, we can better understand the nature and mechanism of substances and reactions in nature, so as to bring more convenience and benefits to human production and life.

Ancient chemistry mainly developed chemistry in the macroscopic aspect, and it was mainly alchemists who promoted the development of chemistry; Modern chemistry is the study of chemistry at the elemental level; Now chemistry is studied at the microscopic, instantaneous level.

In ancient times, primitive humans discovered and used fire in the struggle against various disasters in the natural world in order to survive. Primitive human beings began to use fire from the time of barbarism to civilization, and at the same time, they began to use chemical methods to understand and transform natural substances. Combustion is a chemical phenomenon.

The discovery and utilization of fire has improved the conditions for human existence and made humans intelligent and powerful. After mastering fire, humans began to eat cooked food; Subsequently, humans have discovered some material changes, such as malachite found in emerald green.

When the copper ore is burned with charcoal, red copper will be generated. In this way, in the process of gradually understanding and using the changes in these substances, human beings have developed a use value for human beings.

products. Human beings gradually learned to make pottery and smelt; Later, I learned about brewing, dyeing, and so on. These products, which are processed and transformed from natural substances, have become the hallmarks of ancient civilizations. On the basis of these production practices, the knowledge of ancient chemistry was developed.

In the 4th century B.C., Greece also put forward the theory of the four elements of fire, wind, earth, and water, as well as the ancient atomic theory, similar to the Five Elements Theory.

These naïve ideas of the elements are the germ of the theory of the structure of matter and its change. Later, alchemy appeared in China, to the Qin and Han dynasties in the 2nd century BC.

At that time, alchemy was quite popular, and it spread to the Arab countries around the 7th century AD.

with the ancient Greek philosophy of Lukai.

Arabic alchemy was introduced to Europe in the Middle Ages to form European alchemy, which gradually evolved into modern chemistry.