Why are crops susceptible to disease? How can we prevent plants from getting sick?

Just as people and animals get sick, so do plants. There are many reasons that make plants sick in agriculture, in addition to viral and bacterial infections, nutrient deficiencies and environmental pollution can also cause crops to get sick, but one thing is for sure, as long as plants grow in a healthy environment and are already luxuriant, they rarely get sick, or even if they get sick slightly, the plants themselves will get sick These pathogens directly harm the roots and stems of plants, invade the vascular bundles, develop from roots to shoot tips, and pathogenic bacteria multiply within the vascular bundles.

Hindering the transport of nutrients, coupled with a large number of pests and diseases in the soil, a large number of plants wilt and die! Root rot and other soil diseases generally harm plant roots and stems, once the disease occurs in the early stage of crop growth, the roots of the seedlings rot and the rhizomes rot, and the seedlings die quickly, seriously affecting the growth of crops! The continuous cropping of greenhouses is serious, and the soil fertility is seriously reduced!

Soil-borne diseases are serious, and crop pathogenic bacteria are rampant! The root system is weakened and the survival rate of crops is reduced! Root rot, wilt, wilt, root rot, too many diseases, not tolerant to crop diseases.

Crop yields and commodity values have fallen dramatically, and all pathogens are parasites. Parasites are all parasitic, i.e., the ability of one organism to obtain nutrients from other organisms. Some parasites are specific to culture in artificial media.

In addition, some non-specific parasites can be cultured in artificial media. Biological pathogens are pathogenic, that is, the ability to cause disease. A type of mutual infection called infectious disease.

The root system can effectively promote crop yield and extraction, the temperature plummets, rainfall, poor drainage system, crop roots are completely unable to breathe, the root system is suffocated, rotting and dying! In addition, after the rain cleared, the greenhouse was hot and humid. This environment is prone to root rot, rot, wilt and other diseases to crops, resulting in a large area of seedling rot on crops.

The main reason is that there are conditions suitable for the occurrence of diseases in the process of plant growth, soil factors, and the environment in which plants are produced is relatively humid, and the ability to resist stress is relatively poor. The best way to prevent it is to avoid the root system of the plant being too wet and to control the pest regularly.

This is mainly due to the fact that the crops grown have increased yields through hybridization, but their disease resistance has decreased, and they can be prevented by regular use of fungicides.

Mainly because of poor soil fertility, weak roots are prone to disease, and disease can be reduced by increasing the amount of fertilizer.

There are many pathogens in plants, and different pathogens have different pathogenic mechanisms.

For example, some species of oomycetes in fungi, they gradually form attachment spores through the contact between zoospores and plant epidermal cells, and the attachment spores produce a strong turgorical pressure to "squeeze" the substances in the zoospores into the plant cells, and form an attachment in the plant cells to absorb plant cell nutrients, which in turn leads to plant diseases.

Most plant pathogenic bacteria are transmitted through external conditions such as wind and rain, enter the wounds, stomata or nectar glands of plants, recognize them with plants through flagella (or others), and then pass their genetic material to plants, and multiply in plants.

There are several points in the pathogenic process of viruses: most plant viruses rely on mediators, mainly insect mediators. For example, RSV transmitted by gray planthoppers.

First, the planthopper feeds on the virus-infected rice to bring the RSV virus into the body, and the RSV circulates into the lymphocytes with the body fluid of the planthopper and replicates in large quantities, and then the RSV will be transmitted as the virus-infected planthopper infects healthy rice, and of course, it can also be transmitted by eggs. RSV easily enters wounded rice cells and relies on its nutrients to reproduce itself. It leads to dwarf disease in rice.

There are three main points in the pathogenic process of nematodes: first, mechanical damage, the mouth of the nematode will cause damage to plant cells; The second is the release of harmful substances from the salivary glands, and nematodes release toxic substances in their own bodies into plant cells through mouth needles; Third, it is co-hazard with other pathogens. thus causing the plant to be disease-bearing.

Other pathogens, such as parasitic plants (dodder seeds, etc.), have different pathogenic processes.

The pathogenicity of plant pathogens is a very important research direction. Although many studies have elaborated various pathogenic mechanisms, the scientific path is a gradual process, and the development of new technologies will bring new perspectives to research work.

1. Solution spraying prevention and control measures.

1) Laundry detergent:

The dissolution of laundry detergent can alleviate the waxy layer on the surface of the pest's body, penetrate into the insect's body, block the stomata of the insect's body, and suffocate to death. Can be for different pests, with different concentrations sprayed on the surface of the insect body, because the laundry detergent is mostly alkaline, will make the potting soil or ceramsite and nutrient solution alkalized, before use should be covered with plastic film on the pot, so that the washing of the celery powder does not penetrate into it, after killing insects, wash the leaves of the flowers with water, and then uncover the plastic film.

2), vinegar:

Vinegar dilution 4 8 times, spray 1 time in 3 days, spray 3 times in a row can control scale insects. 3), baking soda:

In 10 grams of water, add 3 grams of baking soda, stir until all dissolved, and evenly spray the medium on the front and back of the diseased flowers and leaves, stems and pots, which can prevent and control powdery mildew, anthracnose, etc. 4), plant ash:

Dilute with 1 kg of plant ash and 50 kg of water, soak for a day and night and then spray with filtrate, which can effectively control aphids and red spiders, and can also enhance the lodging resistance of flowers. If trichlorfon liquid can be added to the ash of plants and trees, it has a contact killing effect.

2. Choose the right soil for each plant.

In addition to learning to use household resources to prevent pests and diseases, it is also important to prevent them from the root. The choice of soil is one of the important influencing factors. Qualified soils should do:

It does not crack when dry, does not stick when wet, and does not crust after watering. Common potting soils are as follows:

Peat: Peat is a natural marshland product formed over thousands of years, which is sterile, non-toxic, non-polluting, good aeration, light weight, water-holding, fertilizer retention, and conducive to microbial activities.

Humus: strong water retention, high fertility and high quality, is formed by the accumulation of livestock excrement, feed residues and sewage, etc., with more voids, loose soil, rich humus and a variety of organic matter.

Vermiculite: rich in fertilizer-retaining and breathable minerals, it is a natural, non-toxic mineral, a mineral that will swell under the action of high temperature, infiltrate into the soil to improve the permeability and drainage of the soil.

In order to prevent crops from getting sick or less diseased, it is necessary to implement factory planting. Under the normal planting management of the soil, there must be residues and pollution, these pathogens will have a certain pollution period, and the effect will be greatly reduced beyond the period, so it must be hidden deep underground, waiting for it to reduce or disappear, the only way is to plough the soil and disinfect the soil.

In the scope of planting, it is necessary to strengthen the disinfection of each step, and at the same time add a large amount of organic decomposing manure.

This is the basic structure of the factory planting model. As for the various price segments of plant growth, it is necessary to believe in the dialectical theory of scientific farming, study, practice, and implementation.