Why is there oil in the depths of the earth?

Studies have shown that it takes at least 2 million years for oil to form, and that the oldest reservoirs discovered today are 500 million years old. In the long history of the Earth's continuous evolution, there were some "special" periods, such as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras, when after the death of a large number of plants and animals, the organic matter that makes up their bodies continued to decompose, mixing with sediment or carbonate sediments and other substances to form sedimentary layers. As the sediments accumulate and thicken, the temperature and pressure rise, and as this process progresses, the sedimentary layers become sedimentary rocks, which in turn form sedimentary basins, which provide the basic geological environment for the formation of oil.

Most geologists believe that oil, like coal and natural gas, was formed gradually by ancient organic matter through a long period of compression and heating. According to this theory, oil was formed by the transformation of prehistoric marine animals and algae carcasses. (Plants on land generally form coal.)

Over a long geological time, these organic matter mixed with silt and was buried under thick sedimentary rocks. At high temperatures and pressures underground, they are gradually transformed, first forming waxy oil shale and later degenerating into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Because these hydrocarbons are lighter than nearby rocks, they penetrate upwards into nearby rock formations until they penetrate into the tightly impermeable, inherently empty rock formations above.

In this way, the oil that comes together forms an oil field. By drilling and pumping, one can get oil from the oil fields. Geologists refer to the temperature range in which oil forms as the "oil window".

If the temperature is too low, oil cannot form, and if the temperature is too high, natural gas will form.

After the ancient microorganisms were covered by sedimentary rocks, they gradually cracked into oil under high temperature and high pressure reduction! It's a long process!

The basic condition for the formation of oil is that there is a large amount of organic matter in the sediment, and with the abundant organic matter deposit, it is still impossible to generate oil, and it must also have factors such as anoxic environment, temperature, pressure, time, catalyst and other factors.

An anoxic environment is an environment where there is no or little oxygen, and if oxygen is present, organic matter is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water. Temperature is also an important condition for the transformation of organic matter into oil, reaching a certain temperature, organic matter can be converted to oil in large quantities, the speed of organic matter to produce oil is very slow, the time required is millions of years, generally speaking, the higher the temperature, the shorter the time required for organic matter to be converted into oil.

The temperature of the formation is related to the depth of the formation, the deeper the formation, the closer to the core, the higher the temperature, which is conducive to the organic matter to produce oil at a certain temperature, which can also be said to be conducive to oil production at a certain depth. The deeper the formation, the higher the temperature and the higher the pressure, which is also beneficial for the formation of oil.

The clay minerals in bacteria and claystone are catalysts that accelerate the formation of petroleum from organic matter, and the formations containing this clay mineral also favor the formation of oil.

Oil is made from ancient organic matter. In the long geological time, a large number of marine organisms have bred in the ocean, and their dead bodies sink to the bottom of the sea with sediment, and accumulate layer by layer over the years, isolated from the outside air, and gradually decompose and transform into oil and gas through the decomposition of bacteria, as well as the high temperature and high pressure in the formation.

Petroleum is a viscous, dark brown liquid. There are oil reserves in parts of the upper crust. The main ingredient is a mixture of various alkanes, naphthenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

The former is widely accepted, believing that oil is formed by organisms in ancient oceans or lakes after a long period of evolution, which belongs to biological sedimentation to oil and is non-renewable. The latter believes that oil is generated from the carbon within the earth's crust itself, is biologically independent, and is renewable. It's hard to write, I hope to adopt!

Ancient machines turned out.

Why can't you dig oil in your backyard? The formation of oil, the influence of geology on oil.

Why can't you dig up oil in your backyard?

The oil we extract today is produced by ancient paleontology, which is chemically decomposed and decomposed by bacteria after death, and then rapidly accumulates with sediments in the warm and oxygen-deprived paleoclimatic conditions of shallow seas.

Petroleum includes not only **, but all liquid, gaseous and solid hydrocarbons. The lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane, and butane exist as gases at surface pressure and temperature, while pentane and heavier hydrocarbons appear in liquid or solid form. However, in underground oil storage depots, the ratio of gases, liquids and solids depends on the underground conditions and the phase diagram of the oil mixture.

Over time, some paleontological remains and sediments form a source rock with a very high content of kerogen (a mixture of organic matter that has undergone complex fossil action).

This kind of formation composed of source rocks is called the oil production layer, and the temperature of the oil production layer increases to 60-180 degrees Celsius with the increase of the burial depth, and then the thermal catalysis begins, and a large amount of oil begins to appear, and the oil produced will follow the osmotic pressure and flow (one migration) from the high concentration of the oil production layer to the three rock formations of the clastic layer, the carbonate layer and the complex.

The oil in the reservoir is blocked by the upper high-density rock caprock and cannot be scattered upwards again, but under the tectonic movement, it will migrate twice until it reaches the trap formed by the reservoir, the caprock, and the shelters on both sides, and it cannot migrate again and is stably preserved.

Three conditions must be met for the formation of a reservoir:

a source rock rich in hydrocarbon material that is buried deep enough for subsurface heat to boil it into oil;

a porous and permeable reservoir rock, in which it can accumulate;

A cover (seal) or other mechanism to prevent oil from leaking onto the surface. In these reservoirs, the fluid usually organizes itself like a three-layer filter cake, with a layer of water below the oil layer; On top of the oil layer there is a layer of gas, although the size varies between the different layers. Since most hydrocarbons are less dense than rock or water, they typically move upwards through adjacent rock layers until they reach the surface or are trapped in porous rocks (called reservoirs) by impermeable rocks above.

However, the process is affected by groundwater flows, which causes the oil to migrate hundreds of kilometers horizontally or even short distances downward before being trapped in the reservoir. When hydrocarbons are concentrated in traps, oilfield form, from which liquids can be extracted by drilling and pumping.

It's an extremely long and demanding process, so oil isn't something that can be mined casually.

There are two types of oil formation: one is bio-oil, which refers to the oil produced by the decomposition of organic matter in the soil after the death of animals and plants; The other is petroleum into oil, in which carbon and hydrogen in the earth's crust are combined by impulse to form oil. In general, there is the presence of oil in carbonaceous limestone formations.

At present, it is believed that oil is deposited by surface organisms (such as algae, mussel shells, fish, etc.) into the ground, and formed through long-term physical and chemical processes in the environment of hypoxia and high pressure. At an altitude of less than 2,000 meters, oil is more likely to be found in structures that are prone to "loading" oil, such as oblique structures and fault structures.

Oil was formed a long, long time ago by burying the carcasses of animals and some decaying plants deep in the ground. There may be oil in some rocky geological formations, but it requires a lot of manpower to extract it, which is very difficult.

Petroleum has a wide range of uses. There are two theories about the formation of oil, one is the theory of biodeposition to oil, which holds that oil is deposited on the seabed after the death of organisms in ancient oceans or lakes. Over millions or even hundreds of millions of years, it has evolved into oil under the natural conditions of high temperature and high pressure, which is a non-renewable resource.

At present, human technology is very advanced, and they can scan the ground for oil through instruments. If there is one, it can be mined.

At first, people did not know the role of oil, oil was found because people dug the ground to dig up various mineral deposits, at first no one knew what the use of these black liquids came out, and then people slowly discovered that oil can be used as fuel, and then other functions of oil, discovered in long-term exploration.

Oil was first discovered due to its natural emergence from the ground and its ability to burn. China is the first country in the world to discover and apply oil.

<> oil as a material used in all aspects of our lives, its exploitation and excavation is very hard, and at the same time, as a short-term renewable resource, its reserves in the world are very limited, with the current mining speed of human beings, it can only be exploited for two or three hundred years at most. Human beings can only keep digging down to find deeper buried oil energy, but doing so will also cause some damage to the environment and geological structure in which we live. And many friends are also very curious, who has this natural resource that exists underground and how people found it?

Could it be that someone who was idle and had nothing to do to dig the ground, and finally discovered the oil by mistake?

If you want to say that people digging in the ground must also dig all kinds of mineral deposits, not digging for oil, after all, no one knows what use these black liquids can be used for until they understand the role of oil. The first people who discovered the oil are said to have seen these strange liquids coming out of under the ground, and after collecting them, they found that they could ignite them. It was only after this that the people realized the industrial value of oil.

The first oil extraction plants were born as early as the 19th century. This proves that since then, people have gradually discovered the wonderful use of oil as a fuel. Later, a series of other functions of the spine were also found in the long-term exploration and exploration.

Oil was first used as fuel for people, with the progress of science and technology, people's understanding of materials is becoming more and more thorough, when people have analyzed these materials, they will find that they can also be made into other things, such as some daily necessities in life, or made into some important industrial raw materials and so on. Basically, it is a role developed by generations of scientists and various workers. Their contribution to the research and development of petroleum is irreplaceable.

However, at the end of the day, oil is only a natural resource that cannot be regenerated in the short term and is formed by nature.

It can be said that after using it up, it will be impossible to have it again in a short time. Therefore, although people cannot completely separate oil from industrial production for the time being, in the future, we will find a suitable clean energy source to replace the role of oil in people's lives. There may even be some artificial materials to assist in this purpose.

After all, the resources provided by nature are finite, and if we wantonly destroy the surrounding environment and do not care about the impact on the ecology, those evil consequences will eventually be fed back to us in the future. At that time, it will be irretrievable to regret it.

It was discovered because humans found oil on the surface of the earth.

Although oil is hidden below the surface, it is only the majority, and there will always be a little bit of it that will pop out of the ground!

Because humans have found oil on the surface of the earth, they have been studied.

The ingredients are a mixture of various alkanes, naphthenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. This is one reason.

The first oil was discovered by people who came out of the ground.

In fact, the first country to discover and apply oil was China.

Seeing these strange liquids coming out of under the ground, after collecting them, they found that they could ignite.

Oil is one of the most important resources in the world, and countries in all countries attach great importance to it

It was discovered that there was an infinite amount of oil underground, and it was later confirmed that although the oil reserves were not infinitely multi-trillion bonds, they were also infinite, so the calculations and spine studies of the ancients were very accurate.

How did the oil that is buried thousands of kilometers underground come to be? Today is a long insight!

Most scholars agree that oil was produced by ancient organisms, including animals and plants, especially plankton, and has an organic cause. However, with the increasing difficulty of oil exploration and the deepening of people's understanding of oil fields around the world, more and more phenomena cannot be explained by this theory, and the theory of inorganic oil formation, which has been out of favor for a long time, has regained the general attention of petroleum geologists around the world.

The first two statements are believed to be common to everyone. Since the beginning of the 20th century, groups of Russian scientists have continuously put forward the theory and generation mechanism of "inorganic generation of oil".

The inorganic formation of oil is believed to be the occurrence of oil in the mantle, which is a derivative of the upwelling of the mantle along the fractures in the earth's crust. Any object is a material form that appears in the dynamic equilibrium of force under the action of specific internal and external forces. Under the conditions of ultra-high pressure and high temperature, the matter at the level of atoms, nuclei, and elementary particles in the earth's mantle is unparalleled by any matter in the earth's crust, and all of them are different from the elements in the earth's crust.

So there are no hydrocarbons.

However, after the crust cracked, the ultra-high pressure state of the mantle was broken, and the original stable structure was destroyed, causing it to undergo thermal expansion, continuously releasing internal energy and metamorphosing into magma. The magma upwelling along the fracture continuously dissipates internal energy due to thermal expansion, and under a specific pressure and temperature, the internal and external forces are rebalanced, and more than 100 elements are evolved. Petroleum is a new form of matter formed in a specific environment when the earth's mantle thermally expands.

Do you have any other opinions? Let's talk.