Outstanding Mathematical Achievement in Chinese History

1. The Pythagorean theorem.

quotient high theorem). Inventor: Shang Gao (Western Zhou.

man), more than 550 years before the second inventor Pythagoras (580-500 BC).

2. The discovery of negative numbers. This discovery was first made in the Nine Chapters of Arithmetic, more than 600 years before India and more than 1,600 years before the West.

3. The most accurate pi.

<。Zu Chongzhi of the Southern Dynasty.

Inheriting Liu Hui's work, he found the pi accurate to seven significant figures, and the result was equivalent to using the arithmetic chip to perform various operations (including opening squares) on the large number of nine digits more than 130 times, and the amount of labor was conceivable. In order to facilitate the calculation, Zu Chongzhi also found two data that use fractions to represent pi, one is called the density rate, which is the best asymptotic fraction for the numerator and denominator to represent pi within 1,000; The other is the approximation rate. Zu Chongzhi's pi data was far ahead of the world, and it was not until 1000 years later that the Arab mathematician Al Qasi in 1427 A.D. and the French mathematician Viette in 1540-1603 A.D. found more accurate data.

The distribution law of prime numbers, and the twin prime number table is compiled.

"Zhou Ji Sutra".

The Classic of Zhou Ji is the oldest work of astronomy and mathematics in China, written in the 1st century B.C., and records a conversation between Shang Gao and Zhou Gong. ”

This means that when the two right-angled sides of a right-angled triangle are 3 (short side) and 4 (long side) respectively, the radial corner (that is, the string) is 5. Since the content of the Pythagorean theorem was first seen in Shang Gao's words, people called this theorem "Shang Gao's theorem".

The Sutra of the Zhou Ji Sutra mainly expounds the Gaitian theory and the quadrangular calendar at that time. The Nine Chapters of the Book of Numbers is the inheritance and development of the Nine Chapters of Arithmetic, which summarizes the main achievements of mathematics in the Song and Yuan dynasties and marks the peak of ancient Chinese mathematics. The appearance of the Nine Chapters of Arithmetic marked the formation of a complete system of ancient Chinese mathematics.

Year:

Assuming that we limit the text of the "Zhou Ji Sutra" to the question and answer between Shang Gao and Zhou Gong, it seems that it is not difficult to determine the age of its writing. However, after the Qianjia period, the study of evidence arose, and the trend of doubting the ancient became more and more popular, and in modern times, almost all Chinese and foreign scholars had to accept the inference that not only Shang Gao was pretended by later generations, but even Chen Zi was also fictionalized by later generations.

Therefore, it no longer makes any sense to just regard the Shang Gao Q&A as the "Zhou Ji Sutra". Therefore, many scholars regard the text after Chen Zi's question and answer as a part of the full text of the Zhou Ji Sutra, and no longer distinguish between them. As a result, people began to infer the date of its writing based on the contents of the Zhou Ji Sutra.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Zhou Ji Sutra.

1. "Zhou Ji Suanjing", note by Zhao Shuang of Wu State in the Wei and Jin dynasties, is an ancient mathematical system in the Qin and Han dynasties;

2 "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", annotated by Xu Yue in the late Han and early Wei dynasties, is a representative of mathematical works;

works written during about 300 years in the 14th century, such as Jia Xian's "Yellow Emperor's Nine Chapters of Algorithm and Fine Grass", Liu Yi's "Discussion of Ancient Roots", etc.;

4. Zu Chongzhi's father and son calculated the pi between , put forward the principle of Zu Xuan, and proposed the solution method of quadratic and cubic equations;

5, "The Ancient Calculation", Wang Xiaotong in the early Tang Dynasty;

6. "Ten Books of Calculation", compiled by Li Chunfeng and others in 656.

1. "Zhou Ji Suanjing", note by Zhao Shuang of Wu State in the Wei and Jin dynasties, is an ancient mathematical system in the Qin and Han dynasties;

2 "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", annotated by Xu Yue in the late Han and early Wei dynasties, is a representative of mathematical works;

works written during about 300 years in the 14th century, such as Jia Xian's "Yellow Emperor's Nine Chapters of Algorithm and Fine Grass", Liu Yi's "Discussion of Ancient Roots", etc.;

4. Zu Chongzhi's father and son calculated the pi between , put forward the principle of Zu Xuan, and proposed the solution method of quadratic and cubic equations;

5, "The Ancient Calculation", Wang Xiaotong in the early Tang Dynasty;

6. "Ten Books of Calculation", compiled by Li Chunfeng and others in 656.

Zhou Ji Sutra, Nine Chapters of Arithmetic, Island Arithmetic, Sun Tzu Sutra, Xiahou Yang Sutra, Fixation, Zhang Qiujian Sutra, Five Cao Sutras, Five Classics of Arithmetic, Ancient Arithmetic, Nine Chapters of the Book of Numbers, Detailed Explanation of Nine Chapters of Algorithms, Yang Hui Algorithm, Measuring the Circle of the Sea Mirror, Yigu Yanduan, Quaternary Jade Jian, Arithmetic Enlightenment, Ding Ju Algorithm, Algorithm All-round Set, Detailed Algorithm, Twelve Equal Laws, Arithmetic Treasures, Algorithm Tongzong , "Mei's Book Series", "Mathematical Essence", "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic Sketches", "Quaternary Jade Illustration", "Litang Arithmetic", "Hengzhai Arithmetic", "Li's Arithmetic Testament", "Fang Yuan's Explanation", "Arc Arrow Secret", "Logarithmic Exploration", "Algebra Calculus Level", "Calculus Traceability", "Trigonometric Mathematics", "Decisive Mathematics", "Elliptic Orthographic Solution", "Series Return", "Test the Root Method", "Zegu Xizhai Arithmetic".