What were the criteria for selecting talents in the Sui and Tang dynasties

Before the Qin Dynasty, there was a hereditary system and the awarding of knighthoods for military merits, and then the Han Dynasty had a system of inspection and examination, and the Wei and Jin dynasties began to have a nine-rank Zhongzheng system, until the Sui Dynasty created the imperial examination system to select talents for the imperial court.

Shiqing Shilu system, imperial examination system, through these methods to select talents, there are also some people with a greater reputation, will also be crowned.

I think that before the Sui Dynasty, the emperor selected talents, generally through ** recommendation, and then the rejected people were assessed, if passed, they could hold very important positions, or obtain important development, and the emperor at that time selected talents in this way.

Qin used to be ShiqingSeroku system, that is, the succession of officials from generation to generation. The Qin Dynasty wasAccording to the code town military merit selection。The Han Dynasty wasThe probation system and the conscription system are coarse

The Wei Sun Chan Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties wereNine-product Zhongzheng system。Sui and Tang dynasties and beyond, mainlyImperial examination system

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the election was mainly based on the nine-grade Zhongzheng system, which was selected on the basis of morality, talent, and family background.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the greatest contribution to the selection of officials was the creation of the imperial examination system. The biggest difference between the imperial examination system and the probationary system is that the probationary examination system is recommended by others and supplemented by examinations; The imperial examination system is self-recommendation, and the selection is determined by examination. The imperial examination system played an important role in the Tang Dynasty.

He changed the disadvantages of the decentralization of power in the previous system of electing officials, adapted to the need to strengthen the centralization of power, and completely returned the selection power of officials to the imperial court. It also expanded the social base of the ruling group, broke the monopoly of the bureaucratic family on the power of politics by relying on the seniority of the family, opened up a way for small and medium-sized landlords and even ordinary people to enter the government, and formed a political channel from the lower class to the upper class. In particular, the imperial examination system combines the education system with the system of electing officials into a whole, which to a certain extent ensures the intellectualization of the bureaucratic contingent and is conducive to cultivating the moral character of officials.

Therefore, the imperial examination system was not only valued by the rulers of the Tang Dynasty, but also by various subsequent dynasties, and became one of the most important institutional achievements in ancient China.

Emperor Wen of Sui initially established a system for selecting talents through examinations.

After the emperor proclaimed "Emperor Wen", ** and the local bureaucracy were overthrown. Drastic reforms will inevitably harm the interests of tens of thousands of nobles. Emperor Wen understood that if the country was to remain stable for a long time, it would have to absorb a large number of new forces to enter the pre-divisions.

If Emperor Wen wants to reform thoroughly, the first big problem is the personnel problem. When it comes to people, it involves how talent is selected.

In the second year of the emperor's reign (582), Emperor Wen met the requirements of scholars in Shandong and ordered the selection of "Zhenliang Famous Talents" to serve in public office. In the second year, Emperor Wen canceled the implementation of the more than 300-year-old Jiupin Zhongzheng system, cancelled the positions at all levels, and the imperial court took over the right to select. Since then, a new page has been opened in China's historic employment system.

In order to standardize the talent selection and management system, Emperor Wen, which was stipulated in the seventh year of the emperor's reign (587), recommended 3 tributes to the imperial court every year. The first condition of the recommendation is that regardless of family background, one should repent, and one should have excellent literary talents, i.e., "Zhixing Xiu" (virtuous) and "Qingping Gandhi" (talented).

These recommended people were concentrated in the capital, participated in the "Xiucai" special examination, and were finally arranged to pass the comprehensive examination, avoiding the participation of local clans. In this regard, the imperial examination has had a huge impact on China's history and even national culture. At that time, the Sui Dynasty eliminated the people of the Chen Dynasty, and a large number of Nanbi were "unemployed".

They are better at writing articles than northerners.

Many people read the books of saints and saints from an early age. These people are asking the court to increase their enrollment, hoping that the court will provide them with the opportunity to enter an official career.

Starting from what you know, dynasties with many examples are not represented.

The three generations of antiquity are not clear, and there are only three people who have the Zen system or something, and the others are not clear.

In the same way, Xia Shang Xizhou didn't know, so he could only wait for the party bull to answer.

Here's what to know:

Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.

The proportion of nationals is relatively high, and the composition of Chinese people is relatively high, that is, blood relations are the most important;

After that, the proportion of recommendation selection began to increase; For example, doormen, such as high-level optimism about someone;

By the Warring States Period, the scholars began to rise rather than talents within the family, such as the cultivation of children by various schools;

internal promotions, such as the training of officials; the cultivation of preparatory talents; promotion of the meritorious service system;

Qin and Han dynasties. On the basis of the past, the proportion of the three elders began to increase, whether it is filial piety and honesty, etc., the local recommendation of talents is also a very important link;

There are many ways for the government to select talents after they are reserved, such as government schools and the military;

Wei and Jin dynasties. Because of the way Liu Xiu started in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the rise of the local landlord class, the basic way of filial piety and honesty was abolished, and the official school was replaced by a large number of private scholars, and the way of talent delivery is self-evident. After that, as long as Boss Cao has the talent, everyone will accept it, which can be regarded as a certain degree of self-recommendation. The children of the civilian poor have many opportunities to perform in the turbulent era, and they will be used if they have performance, but after the end of the war period, the civilian poor talents no longer have the opportunity to perform, and the Jiupin Zhongzheng system has been completely formed.

The period of the Wuhu Southern and Northern Dynasties is not clear, but there is not much change in the Southern Jin Dynasty, and it is basically the internal digestion of the big clan.

Before the Sui Dynasty, it was difficult for low-level talents to be promoted.

1 Xia, Shang and Zhou eras: "Shiqing Shilu system" prevailed in the Xia, Shang and Zhou eras.

2 Qin State: The awarding of knighthoods according to military merits broke the system of hereditary titles of slave owners and nobles, and was conducive to the strengthening of the power of the emerging landlord class.

3 Two Han Dynasty: The Han Dynasty established a complete set of system for electing talents, including the probation system and the conscription system.

4 Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: Implement the nine-grade Zhongzheng system, focusing on the family background.

Imperial examination systemCriteria for selection: subject examinations, merit-based admission.

The imperial examination was the selection of officials through examinations. Because of the method of selecting scholars by subject, it is called the imperial examination. It has a sub-subject examination, and the right to take the examination belongs to the **, and it is allowed to apply for the examination freely (that is, "Huai Mu spectrum self-recommendation in the state and county", and the probation system.

The "other recommendation" is distinguished) and the four significant characteristics are mainly based on the performance of the trade-off. The imperial examination system was implemented from the Sui Dynasty (another known as the Tang Dynasty) to the last Jinshi examination in the 31st year of Guangxu (1905) of the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for more than 1,300 years.

The following are the characteristics of the imperial examination system:

First, scholars sign up for the exam, and they do not need to be recommended by the ** when they discuss their background, status, and family business.

Second, the examinations were held regularly, and they did not want to wait for the emperor to issue an edict.

Third, strict examinations, admission is based on test scores, and prestige is no longer the main basis for appointment.