What are the artistic treasures of Jiangnan Garden?

It's in high school geography books.

I don't know which garden in Jiangnan you are asking?

First, stacking stones and water. The water town in the south of the Yangtze River is good at waterscapes, and the water and stones reflect each other, constituting the main scenery of the garden. Taihu Lake produces strange stones, exquisitely colorful, planted in the garden, can be enjoyed.

Song Huizong camp Genyue, set up a flower stone gang for carrying Taihu Lake stone peaks, scattered relics still have survivors, such as Shanghai Yu Garden Jade Linglong, Hangzhou Botanical Garden Crepe Cloud Peak, Suzhou Ruiyun Peak. And the development of stacked stones for the mountain, in addition to the Taihu Lake stone, and with Huangshi, Xuanshi and so on. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were many famous masters of stacked stones, such as Zhou Bingzhong, Ji Cheng, Zhang Nanyuan, Shi Tao, Ge Yuliang, etc., who were active in the Jiangnan region and made great contributions to garden art.

Today's survivor, Yangzhou piece of stone mountain house rockery, Shi Tao hand. Ge Yuliang's stacked mountains, represented by the rockery of Suzhou Huanxiu Villa, are still intact today. Changshu Yanyuan Huangshi Lake rockery has been repaired and lost its old view.

Second, there are many kinds of flowers and trees, and the layout is lawful. The climate and soil in the south of the Yangtze River are suitable for the growth of flowers and trees. The Suzhou garden can be called a collection of plants, and there are many exotic flowers and rare trees, such as the camellia in the Humble Administrator's Garden and the Ming painter Wen Zhengming's hand-planted vines.

Yangzhou has always been famous for its dwarf flowers. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou peony was the best in the world, and new kinds of strange products emerged one after another, known as Huarui. Jiangnan gardens are blessed with unique gardens and carefully cultivated by gardeners, so there are flowers in all seasons.

According to the tradition of Chinese gardens, although the Jiangnan garden is based on nature, it is by no means a reckless and disorderly area. The principle of arrangement is roughly as follows: tall trees to shade the scorching sun, planting simple or beautiful tree postures (such as pine, soft willow) for appreciation, supplemented by the color and fragrance of flowers, fruits and leaves (such as osmanthus, red maple, kumquat, wax plum, autumn chrysanthemum, etc.).

There are many bamboos in the south of the Yangtze River, and the varieties are also numerous, and the green is used as the color of the garden all the year round, or more vines and vines are planted to increase the interest of the mountains and forests. There are also those who appreciate its sound, such as lotus leaves, plantains, branches of birds, cicadas and so on. Third, the architectural style is elegant and simple.

The Jiangnan garden follows the track of the literati garden, and is elegant and elegant. The layout is free, the building is simple, the hall is arranged as appropriate, the structure is not formal, the pavilion and the corridor sill, like turning in the meantime, it is anti-symmetrical of palaces, temples and residences, and is known for being fresh and free. This style of literati garden was later adopted by government offices, temples, guild halls, gardens attached to academies, and even royal gardens.

Song Huizong's Genyue and Yuanzhong buildings are all imitations of white houses in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and they are not colorful. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Three Mountains and Five Gardens in Beijing (see Yuanmingyuan) and the summer resort in Rehe were built to imitate the artistic conception of Jiangnan gardens. For example, the Harmony Garden of Qingyi Garden imitates Jichang Garden, and the Siyi Book House of Yuanmingyuan imitates Haining Anlan Garden; The small gold mountain and the smoke and rain building of the summer resort are all based on the garden architecture of the south of the Yangtze River.

These are enough to show that the Jiangnan garden, which is characterized by the poetic and picturesque literati garden, has become the mainstream of Chinese gardens after the Song Dynasty. The northern scholars built the first garden, and often invited famous teachers from Jiangsu and Zhejiang to preside over the paintings.

For example, the four famous stones of our Jiangnan garden: Ruiyun Peak (Suzhou No. 10 Middle School), Guanyun Peak (Suzhou Lingering Garden), Jade Linglong (Shanhai Yu Garden), and Wrinkled Cloud Peak (Hangzhou West Lake).

Suzhou Gardens. As the saying goes: "Jiangnan garden is the first in the country, and Suzhou garden is the first in Jiangnan." "Suzhou Classical Garden, referred to as Suzhou Garden, is a world cultural heritage, a national AAAAA tourist attraction, and one of the top ten scenic spots in China.

Nanjing Confucius Temple-Qinhuai Scenic Area Wubu. It is a well-known open national 5A-level tourist attraction in China and one of the top 40 tourist attractions in China.

Slender West Lake is located in the northwest of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and is called "Slender West Lake" because of its slender and long surface. The slender and tortuous lake road is strung with the scenic spots on both sides of the strait, such as the spring willow of the long causeway, the smoke and rain of the four bridges, the Xu Garden, the Xiaojin Mountain, the blowing platform, the Wuting Bridge, the White Tower, the 24th Bridge, the Linglong Flower World, the Xichun Terrace, the Wangchun Tower, the Yinyue Tuanji Teahouse, the lakeside promenade, the stone wall flowing and the Shizuka Library, etc., just like a long scroll of natural and beautiful Chinese painting.

Zhouzhuang Ancient Town, is a small town in the south of the Yangtze River"China's No. 1 Water Town"Reputation.

Shanghai Yu Garden, Yangzhou Slender West Lake, Geyuan, He Garden, Suzhou Canglang Pavilion, Lion Forest, Nantong Water Painting Garden, etc. The classical garden in the south of the Yangtze River is one of the most representative of the artistic achievements of classical Chinese gardens, which embodies the diligence and wisdom of Chinese intellectuals and skilled craftsmen, and contains philosophical and religious ideas such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, as well as traditional arts such as landscape poetry and painting.

Classical Chinese garden art refers to the form of Chinese landscape gardens represented by private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and royal gardens in the north. In traditional Chinese architecture, the classical garden is a unique building with great achievements. It is recognized by the world as the mother of the world's gardens, the wonder of world art, and an important heritage of human civilization.

As a complete design system, it adopts many gardening techniques, such as the layout of the plane, the organization of space, and the creation of artistic conception. Key features include concept and layout; the extension, penetration and separation of space; the subtlety of space; The virtual and the real of space.

Suzhou gardens are full of poetry, literati taste, and literature is read with architecture; Nanjing garden is in the pursuit of architectural beauty, with royal color and political significance, the use of square, solemn, dignified layout elements; Hangzhou garden is a smooth continuation of landscape nature, emphasizing the integration with the environment; Yangzhou garden is the product of the combination of strong economic strength and the aesthetic taste of salt business.

The uneven beauty of art is due to the fact that there is no single regularity in the innate self-leakage and openness of the realm itself. Since nature is characterized by unevenness, classical Chinese garden art must highlight its uneven beauty in order to "try to imitate free nature". As far as the layout style of Chinese gardens is concerned, the mature Suzhou gardens under the atmosphere of "long time in the cage, return to nature" are fully reflected, which can be seen in the layout of the two sides of the Yuanxiang Hall in the Humble Administrator's Garden.

In the middle of the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Yuanxiang Hall is the center of the layout. The main building of this north-south direction, the west leads to the curved corridor and the east-west Yiyuxuan, and the west is turned into a stream from the curved corridor, which is framed by the covered bridge "Xiao Feihong", and then to the south is the "Little Canglang" water courtyard; Looking in the other direction, the east side of Yuanxiangtang is the embroidered pavilion, which stands on the rockery, and to the south is the garden in the garden separated by the cloud wall - loquat garden. The two sides of Yuanxiangtang completely break the balanced and symmetrical layout, it is surrounded by water in the west and mountains in the east; The west side is the pavilion and corridor, and the east side is the pavilion and wall; The southwest is the water courtyard, and the southeast is the dry courtyard, and the two sides are so deliberately avoidable that they are "different in shape".

Looking at the south side of Yuanxiangtang, there is a small mountain pond, and the curved bridge leading to Yuanxiangtang on the pond is deliberately westward, obviously in order to avoid centering and causing a sense of axis.

The layout of the buildings, pavilions, mountains, rocks and trees in the Jiangnan Mansion Garden is so uneven, and the letter is stupid and scattered, so as to break the neat and symmetrical order and construct the beauty of its free and natural interest. It is the opposite of the layout of the Palace of Versailles.