How is aviation otitis media formed?

Caused by different air pressures. The pressure in the body at high altitude is stronger than that in the cabin, and the eardrum is squeezed by the air pressure and is uncomfortable. Personal experience teaches you to solve this problem, wearing swimming earplugs all the time, and I don't feel it at all.

Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. During navigation, as the aircraft rises or lands, the air pressure in the cockpit changes accordingly, and the gas in the air cavity expands or shrinks. Generally, when the eustachian tube ventilation function is good, when the aircraft takes off and takes off, the pressure inside and outside the eardrum can be kept balanced through the adjustment of the eustachian tube and the artificial active ventilation action, and there is only ear swelling or slight hearing impairment, but it will not cause ear damage.

If the pressure inside and outside the middle ear cavity cannot be quickly balanced, various symptoms will occur, collectively known as barotrauma, and those that injure the middle ear cavity are called aviation otitis media. It can also occur during diving operations, low-ballot chamber work, and hyperbaric oxygen**.

It's best not to sit, and even if you do, take protective measures, such as plugging your ears with cotton.

If you have acute otitis media caused by flying, you should go to the hospital immediately. The doctor can immediately use a 7-gauge long needle to puncture the anterior and lower part of the small tympanic membrane under aseptic operation, and extract one milliliter of light yellow liquid from each middle ear cavity of both ears, and the patient can immediately improve hearing in both ears.

If you have persistent earache or significant obstruction that causes hearing loss, you should go to the hospital immediately after getting off the plane to seek treatment from a specialist to avoid aggravation and delay in healing.

The occurrence of otitis media can be avoided and reduced by paying attention to the following:

If you have a cold or nasal or nasopharyngeal disease, try not to fly.

When you get on the machine, you can drop some nasal drops such as ephedrine and nasal eye net to keep the eustachian tube unobstructed.

When the plane is descending, swallow, exercise the jaw joint (such as swallowing saliva, chewing gum, etc.) or pinch the nose to puff up. This can promote the opening of the eustachian tube and the entry of outside air into the middle ear cavity, maintain the balance of internal and external pressure, and reduce the occurrence of aviation otitis media.

Hello: The answer, of course, is no. People who have had aviation otitis media are at high risk of aviation otitis media, and if they have to fly, they should also take protective measures, such as cotton plugging their ears.

Re-occurrence of acute otitis media by air should require immediate medical attention. The doctor can immediately use a 7-gauge long needle to puncture the anterior and lower part of the small tympanic membrane under aseptic operation, and extract one milliliter of light yellow liquid from each middle ear cavity of both ears, and the patient can immediately improve hearing in both ears. If you have persistent earache or significant obstruction that causes hearing loss, you should seek medical treatment from a specialist immediately after getting off the plane to avoid aggravation and delay in healing.

Try to do as little as possible, and when the plane descends, you should swallow, exercise the jaw joint (such as swallowing saliva, eating chewing gum, etc.) or pinch your nose and puff up. This causes the Eustachian tube to open and outside air to enter the middle ear cavity, keeping the internal and external pressures balanced.

By cooling the ear by specialists, when the plane rises, the external pressure is reduced, the tympanic membrane forms positive, so that the eustachian tube, and the eardrum may feel swollen with slight positive pressure; When the plane descends, the external pressure gradually rises, a negative pressure cylinder inside, the Eustachian tube presents a one-way valve-like effect, and through the effect of the high pressure around the easy opening, the outside air can not enter the tympanic cavity, resulting in more and more negative middle ear, middle ear mucosal edema, blood vessels are highly dilated, you may feel that there is pressure in the eardrum. Some people feel nausea, pain, perforated eardrums, feel like we should hear sounds with symptoms such as small and dizziness during flying, especially during take-off and landing, and aviation otitis media actually occurs. By the expert cool ear reminder, when the plane takes off, by frequent swallowing or chewing gum passengers to prevent aviation otitis media.

If that doesn't work, the passenger's ears still feel nauseous and painful. Failure to get relief even in the plane indicates that the Eustachian tube is not functioning properly. It can be done by specializing**otitis media,** the combination is cool for the ear, you can remove a brief disease and stick to **to be thorough**.

Civil aviation conforms to the modern fast-paced lifestyle, so those with good incomes are more likely to fly. Modern large quantities have a good airtight cockpit, the air pressure change in the cockpit is relatively small when the aircraft takes off and takes, and the speed of take-off and landing is slower than that of military aircraft, and the flight is relatively stable, so the impact of air pressure change on the middle ear is greatly reduced. Therefore, as long as proper protective measures are taken, there is generally no damage to the middle ear.

However, if the eustachian tube is poorly ventilated or prevention is not taken into account, it can also cause aviation otitis media. To know what aviation otitis media is, we must first start with the anatomy of the ear. The ear is made up of three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.

Between the middle ear and the nasopharynx, there is a curved and narrow tube called the eustachian tube (also known as the Eustachian tube), which opens on the outside of the anterior wall of the tympanic chamber at one end and the lateral wall of the nasopharynx at the other. The proximal tympanic cavity side 1 3 is a bony stent, and the proximal nasopharyngeal side 2 3 is a cartilage stent, and the lumen mucosa is connected to the tympanic cavity and nasopharyngeal mucosa respectively. The middle ear cavity is a cavity containing air, which is separated from the external auditory canal by the eardrum, and communicates with the nasopharynx by the eustachian tube, so the eustachian tube is the only channel between the middle ear cavity and the outside world.

The Eustachian tube is usually closed, only open under certain conditions (such as yawning, swallowing, etc.), and has the characteristics of a one-way valve. The eustachian tube has the function of maintaining the balance between the middle ear cavity and the external air pressure and removing middle ear secretions. Under the condition that the eustachian tube ventilation function is good, when the pressure in the middle ear cavity is relatively high, the Eustachian tube can be flushed open to select a part of the gas, so that the pressure inside and outside the middle ear cavity (which can also be regarded as the pressure inside and outside the tympanic membrane) can reach a balance.

However, when the pressure of the middle ear cavity is relatively low, the external gas cannot rush through the Eustachian tube into the middle ear cavity, and at this time, it is necessary to do active ventilation to make the air enter the middle ear cavity and balance the pressure inside and outside the tympanic membrane. Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. During navigation, when the aircraft rises or lands, the air pressure in the cockpit changes accordingly, and the gas containing the air cavity expands or shrinks.

Generally, when the eustachian tube ventilation function is good, when the machine rises or falls, the pressure inside and outside the tympanic membrane can be balanced through the adjustment of the eustachian tube and the artificial active ventilation action, and there is only ear swelling or slight hearing impairment, but it will not cause ear damage. If the pressure inside and outside the middle ear cavity is not quickly balanced, various symptoms can occur, collectively known as barotrauma. Injuries to the middle ear cavity are called aviation otitis media.

If there is inflammatory swelling in the nasopharynx, or the opening of the eustachian tube is blocked due to the compression of enlarged glands or masses, or when the plane is not actively ventilated when the plane is lifted and lowered, it will cause an imbalance in the pressure inside and outside the tympanic membrane due to the increase or decrease of atmospheric pressure, resulting in the inward or external convexity of the eardrum, and the passenger will feel pain in the ear, accompanied by tinnitus, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, and even tympanic membrane bleeding. （**：

The middle ear injury caused by the large difference in pressure between the inside and outside of the tympanic chamber caused by the rapid descent of the aircraft from a high altitude during flight is called aviation otitis media, also known as ear barotrauma or barotraumatic otitis media.

The tympanic chamber of the middle ear is connected to the outside world by means of the eustachian tube to the nasopharynx to maintain air pressure balance. If the intratympanic pressure exceeds the force of the extrusion of the surrounding tissues of the Eustachian tube cartilage, the air in the tympanic tube can rush open the Eustachian tube and be discharged outward, so that the intratympanic pressure is basically balanced, and it is not easy to cause middle ear pressure injury. However, when the plane descends, the external air pressure increases rapidly, and the tympanic cavity forms a relative negative pressure state to make the tympanic membrane inverted, because the cartilage of the eustachian tube is a one-way valve-like effect, and it is not easy to open due to the influence of the surrounding high air pressure, and the external gas cannot enter the tympanic cavity, resulting in an increase in the negative pressure of the middle ear, edema of the middle ear mucosa, a high degree of dilatation of blood vessels, serum leakage or hemorrhage, manifested as tympanic effusion or hemorrhage, and even tympanic membrane congestion and rupture, conscious intra-ear occlusion, hearing loss, dizziness or tinnitus.

Therefore, ephedrine should be used nasally drops to reduce the swelling of the pharyngeal mucosa of the eustachian tube before flying, and swallowing or pinching the nose to adjust the air pressure inside and outside the tympanic cavity. Patients with effusion and blood accumulation should be aseptically aspirated with tympanic membrane puncture, and if the tympanic membrane is ruptured, a cotton ball should be inserted in the ear canal to keep it dry, and antibiotics should be applied throughout the body to wait for it to heal on its own.

When taking the plane, the flight attendant prepared chewing gum for each passenger and instructed the passengers to chew the gum when the plane climbed or landed, in order to avoid the occurrence of aviation otitis media. There is a "small chamber" inside the ear, called the middle ear or tympanic chamber, where the intact eardrum forms the door, and the "sewer" of the middle ear is the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the nose. The so-called aviation otitis media, as the name suggests, is a disease in which the external air pressure changes due to the rise and fall of the aircraft, and the eustachian tube cannot balance the middle ear and the outside atmospheric pressure well, which damages the structure of the tympanic cavity.

Aviation otitis media often feels stuffy in the ears, a sense of lack of breathability, when communicating with people, it is like listening to people through a large water tank, buzzing ears, ear pain, and some people will also feel a whirlwind of the world. These symptoms are preventable: when the plane takes off and takes off, you can do chewing gum, swallowing saliva, yawning, if there is no improvement, you can pinch your nose, close your mouth, blow your nose and exhale, let the airflow flush away the eustachian tube, and play a role in balancing the pressure of the outside world and the middle ear; Patients with Eustachian tube obstruction can also wear specialized earplugs to reduce symptoms.

Aviation otitis media is otitis media caused by changes in air pressure.

Normally, there is a tube called the Eustachian tube that communicates between the middle ear and the outside world, and its function is to keep the pressure inside and outside the middle ear balanced. Normally, this eustachian tube is closed, but when the mouth is opened, swallowed, chewed, and yawned, this tube can be temporarily opened, and the air pressure in the middle ear and the outside world is consistent through the opening and closing of the Eustachian tube.

When the plane takes off and lands, the outside air pressure will change greatly, if the function of the eustachian tube is not particularly good, it will cause the tympanic pressure to not keep up, and there will be mucosal congestion, edema, exudation, and even tympanic membrane perforation. This kind of earache, ear tightness, tinnitus, and hearing loss are called aviation otitis media.

Because of often working in airplanes or working in the window, a middle ear disease that causes damage to the middle ear due to changes in external air pressure, it is more common among pilots.

There is a tube that communicates between the middle ear and the outside world, called the eustachian tube.