There are more than three types of bridge shapes and structures with features and benefits.

Truss bridges: There are strong beams with supports at each end of the beams. The first bridges were built according to this concept.

They are nothing more than tree trunks or stones that straddle between the banks of a river. Modern truss bridges are usually made of long hollow trusses made of steel or concrete. This makes the bridge light and strong.

Bridges built using this method are called box girder bridges.

Advantages: It is very convenient to manufacture and erect, widely used, and occupies a large proportion in bridge construction.

Disadvantages: The structure of truss girders is complex, manufacturing is labor-intensive, and is mostly used for large-span bridges.

Arch bridge: The main span is stressed by the arched bridge body pushing against the ground at both ends of the bridge. Modern arch bridges are usually lightweight, open in structure.

Advantages: large spanning ability; Compared with steel bridges and reinforced concrete girder bridges, a lot of steel and cement can be saved; It can be durable, and the maintenance and repair costs are low; Beautiful appearance; The structure is relatively simple, which is conducive to wide adoption.

Disadvantages: Since it is a thrust structure, it has high requirements for the foundation; For the porous continuous arch bridge, in order to prevent the damage of one hole and affect the whole bridge, special measures should be taken or a one-way thrust pier should be set up to bear the unbalanced thrust, which increased the project cost; Repair the arch bridge in the plain area, due to the large building height, the wiring project at both ends and the longitudinal slope of the bridge deck increase, which is extremely unfavorable to traffic.

Cable-stayed bridges: There are steel cables tied to the bridge columns. The steel cables support the weight of the bridge deck and transfer the weight to the bridge columns, which are subjected to enormous pressure.

Advantage 1) The amount of steel and concrete is relatively low. 2) The internal force of the main beam can be adjusted, so that the internal force distribution is uniform and reasonable, and the main beam can be made into an equal section beam, which is convenient for manufacturing and installation. 3) The horizontal tensile force of the cable-stayed cable is equivalent to the pre-pressure applied to the concrete beam, which helps to improve the crack resistance of the beam and gives full play to the characteristics of high-strength materials.

4) The structure is light and the applicability is strong. 5) The building height is small, which can fully meet the requirements of clearance and aesthetics under the bridge, and can reduce the height of the approach road fill. 6) The vertical stiffness and torsional stiffness are strong, the wind stability is good, and the amount of steel used is small.

7) It is convenient to adopt the cantilever method of construction and erection, and the construction is safe and reliable.

Disadvantages: complex calculation, many high-altitude operations in construction, and strict technical requirements.

I hope it can help you, please feel free to ask (*

Various bridges and their features:

1. Girder bridge.

Girder bridge: The main girder is the main beam as the main load-bearing member. The main beam can be a solid belly beam or a truss beam (empty belly with trouser beam). The solid web beam is simple in appearance, and it is convenient to make, install and maintain, so it is widely used in medium and small span bridges.

However, the solid belly beam is not economical enough in the use of materials. The members that form the truss in the truss girder basically only bear the axial force, and the strength of the member material can be better utilized, but the structure of the truss girder is complex, and the manufacturing is labor-intensive, and it is mostly used for larger-span bridges.

2. Arch bridge.

The arch bridge is a bridge with an arch as the main load-bearing structure of the bridge body, and the arch bridge mainly bears axial pressure, and can be built with brick, stone, concrete and other materials with good compressive performance. It has a large spanning ability; Compared with steel bridges and steel beam bridges, it can save a lot of steel and cement; Low maintenance and repair costs; Beautiful appearance; The structure is relatively simple, and the cover is conducive to wide use.

3. Just build a bridge.

A rigid bridge is a kind of structural system between the beam and the arch, which is composed of a bent upper beam (or plate) structure and a compressed lower column (or pier) as a whole.

Due to the rigid connection between the beam and the column, the beam is unloaded due to the bending stiffness of the column, and the whole system is a compression-bending structure and a thrust structure. It is a kind of bridge with a bridge body whose main load-bearing structure is a rigid and stuffy simple frame. It can increase the clearance height under the bridge and is often used as a cross-line bridge.

4. Suspension bridges.

A suspension bridge, also known as a suspension bridge, refers to a bridge with cables (or steel chains) suspended by pylons and anchored to both sides (or both ends of the bridge) as the main load-bearing members of the superstructure. The geometry of the cable is determined by the equilibrium conditions of the forces and is generally close to a parabola.

Many booms are hung down from the cable, the bridge deck is hoisted, and the stiffening beam is often arranged between the bridge deck and the boom, and a combined system is formed with the cable to reduce the deflection deformation caused by the load.

5. Cable-stayed bridge.

Cable-stayed bridge, also known as cable-stayed bridge, is a kind of bridge that pulls the main beam directly on the bridge tower with many cables, and is a structural system that is composed of a compressed tower, a tensile cable and a bending beam body.

It can be regarded as a multi-span elastic supporting continuous beam with a cable instead of a pier. It can reduce the bending moment in the beam, reduce the building height, reduce the weight of the structure, and save materials. The cable-stayed bridge is mainly composed of pylons, main beams, and cable-stayed cables.

Encyclopedia — Bridges.

The shape and structure of a bridge are two different concepts. Shape refers to the shape of the outer contour of the bridge, while structure refers to the internal architectural structure of the bridge. The differences in shape and structure are mainly due to the following points:

1.The shape of the bridge is mainly affected by the physical conditions of the rivers and ditches that the bridge crosses, and is also affected by aesthetics and environmental protection. The structure of the bridge is designed to bear the weight and ensure the safety of the passage and other functional requirements.

2.The visual experience and safety are different: the shape design of the bridge mainly considers the visual effect and aesthetics, while the structural design of the bridge focuses on the robustness and safety of the structure.

3.Different construction processes and technical requirements: the shape design of the bridge can be in different colors, materials and shapes, while the structural design of the bridge must follow the relevant engineering requirements and technical standards to ensure the quality and safety of the construction.

In the construction of real wax slag, the shape and structure of the bridge are often interrelated, and the two need to be comprehensively considered and coordinated. For the designer, the shape and structure of the bridge should be coordinated according to the specific construction needs and environmental characteristics to meet various social, economic and cultural needs.

Beam bridge: It is composed of beams and piers, which are the main load-bearing structures.

Arch bridge: cable bridge: pontoon bridge shouts: It is a temporary bridge that uses the buoyancy of water to carry the bridge deck, mainly used in the military or on construction sites.

Girder bridges, arch bridges, cable-stayed bridges, suspension bridges, viaducts, composite system bridges.

Let's explain first: there is no classification of slab bridges in bridge engineering, but if you can understand what you mean, let's talk about slab bridges here. The slab bridge mainly bears the internal force of bending and shearing, and the spanning capacity is small. The arch bridge mainly bears compressive stress, and the spanning capacity is average; The cable-stayed bridge deck mainly bears the internal force of bending and shear, the main cable bears the tensile force, and the tower bears the pressure, and the spanning capacity is strong.

Bridges are facilities that facilitate people to pass through rivers and other obstacles, as well as bridges built for viewing in gardens, pontoon bridges erected on water, bridges are built with many materials, concrete bridges, reinforced concrete bridges, wooden bridges, stone bridges, brick bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and simply supported beam bridges according to the structure.

Bridges are divided according to the stress characteristics, and there are five basic types: beam bridges, arch bridges, rigid frame bridges, suspension bridges, and composite system bridges (cable-stayed bridges).

1. Beam bridge: generally built in a large span and shallow water, composed of bridge columns and bridge plates, and the weight of objects is transmitted from the bridge plate to the bridge columns.

Features: The structure of the solid belly beam of the girder bridge is simple, the manufacturing, erection and maintenance are more convenient, and it is widely used in medium and small span bridges, but it is not economical enough in the use of materials. The members of the truss girder bear the axial force, the material can be fully utilized, the self-weight is light, the spanning capacity is large, and it is mostly used to build long-span bridges.

2. Arch bridge: generally built on the water area with a small span, the bridge body is arched, there are generally several bridge holes, which play the function of flood discharge, and the weight of the middle of the bridge is transmitted to both ends of the bridge, and the two ends are transmitted to the middle.

Features: long history, beautiful shape, rounded curves, full of dynamics. There are single holes and multiple holes in the number of holes. The bridge deck is wide and the cost is low.

3. Suspension bridge: is the most practical kind of bridge, the bridge can be built in a large span, the depth of the water is composed of bridge columns, iron cables and bridge decks, the early suspension bridge can withstand the wind and rain, will not be broken, the suspension bridge can basically be immovable when the storm comes.

Features: Suitable for areas with deep water and high strength.

4. Rigid bridge: It is composed of bridge deck system, frieze beam and column. The bridge deck directly bears the load and transmits the load to the frieze girder.

The frieze girder is rigidly connected to the column, which replaces the pier (platform) to transfer the load to the foundation. Bridge deck system bears bending moment and shear force, and frieze girder and column in addition to bearing bending moment, shear force, also bear axial force, mostly use reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete to build.

Features: This kind of bridge has a node negative bending moment, which can reduce the span positive bending moment of the frieze beam, and the building height is very small, which is very suitable for overpasses and viaducts, etc., and the material is saved, but the foundation requirements are high.

5. Cable-stayed bridge: It is a kind of bridge that directly pulls the main beam on the pylons with many cables, and is a structural system that is composed of the compressed tower, the tensioned cable and the bending beam body. It can be regarded as a multi-span elastic supporting continuous beam with a cable instead of a pier.

Features: It can reduce the bending moment in the beam, reduce the building height, reduce the weight of the structure, and save materials. Concrete is box-type, slab-type, side box in slab type; The steel beam is mainly an orthotropic polar steel box, and there is also a side box in the plate type.

As a cable system, cable-stayed bridges have a larger spanning capacity than beam bridges, and are the most important bridge types of long-span bridges.