Why different routes of administration affect the effect of the drug

Most drugs need to enter the bloodstream and distribute to the site of action in order for they to work. The drug enters the systemic blood circulation at the site of self-administration.

The process is absorption, and the speed of absorption and the amount of absorption directly affect the onset time and strength of the drug. Among them, the route of administration is one of the important factors that determine the onset time and intensity of drugs. The route of administration is different, the speed of drug absorption is also different, and the order of absorption is divided into intravenous injections.

The outside is: intraperitoneal injection, inhalation, sublingual, rectal, intramuscular injection.

Subcutaneous injection" oral**. Different routes of administration have different degrees of absorption, resulting in different drug intensities. The degree of absorption of the drug through different routes of administration is:

Inhalation, sublingual, rectal, and intramuscular injection are relatively complete, followed by oral injection, and subcutaneous injection is poor; **The surface absorption is the worst, and the drug must be particularly fat-soluble to be well absorbed through this pathway. However, gastrointestinal administration has many influencing factors, including the effect of first-pass elimination, which makes the degree of drug absorption different.

Different preparations and routes of administration of the same drug can cause different drug effects. In general, injectable drugs are absorbed more quickly than oral drugs and tend to have a more significant effect. In injections, water-soluble injections are absorbed faster than oil-soluble injections or suspensions; In oral formulations, the solution is easier to absorb than tablets and capsules.

In addition, due to the different preparation processes and raw materials of the preparation, the bioavailability of the preparation can also be affected. Some drugs can have different effects depending on the route of administration, such as magnesium sulfate internal catharsis, intramuscular injection or intravenous injection has the effects of antispasmodic, sedative and intracranial pressure reduction.

The route of administration can directly affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs, and affect the intensity and speed of action of drugs.

Depending on the route of administration, the speed of drug absorption will also be different. According to the time of drug effect, from fast to slow, the order is generally: intravenous infusion, inhalation, intraperitoneal injection, sublingual, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, oral, rectal, **.

Selectivity: 1. Selectivity: It means that the drug only has an obvious effect on some tissues and organs, and has little or no effect on other tissues.

2. Factors related to selective formation:

1) differences in drug distribution;

2) Differences in tissue biochemical function: by interfering with a certain biochemical and metabolic process of tissue;

3) Differences in cell structure, such as penicillin selectively kills gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis, while human and animal cells have no effect.

The route of administration is different, the amount of drug that ends up in the bloodstream is different, and the effect of the drug is definitely different. If it is believed that 100% of intravenous drugs enter the bloodstream, then oral drugs must be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized by the liver, and finally the amount of drugs that enter the blood must be much less than intravenous administration.

Some routes of administration metabolize part of the drug during drug absorption, resulting in a lower blood concentration of the drug than the blood concentration of direct intravenous administration, so the dosage is different for different routes of administration.

Different routes of administration will have different drug reactions, because different methods of administration will produce different reactions, and the oral administration will pass through the stomach and may be digested by the stomach to produce different products, and the final drug effect is also different. Therefore, different routes of administration, the location of the drug in the body is not the same, and the time of the reaction to the effect of the drug is also different.

The same drug, the same dose, the route of administration is different, mainly affects the bioavailability and efficacy of the speed of occurrence, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, internal administration. The route of administration is selected according to the needs of the disease** and the nature of the drug.

Bioavailability refers to the rate and extent at which a drug is absorbed from the site of administration into the systemic circulation in a given dosage form.

Answers]: a, c, d, e

The routes of administration of drugs include oral, tongue mold elevation and containment, inhalation, external application, rectal administration, injection (intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, arterial injection) and so on. The answer is that moxibustion is a health care moxibustion method in traditional Chinese medicine.

Answer]: A This question examines drug interactions in the absorption process. Absorption process of drug phase reed interaction:

1) the effect of gastrointestinal pH; (2) gastrointestinal motility effects; (3) the effects of complexation; (4) the effect of adsorption; (5) the effects of food; (6) the effect of intestinal absorption function; (7) the impact of changes in intestinal microbiota groups; (8) The influence of other factors. Searching for competing plasma protein binding sites is a drug-drug interaction that affects the distribution process.

Different routes of administration mean different metabolic rates and pathways, just like going to one destination, different routes, different fuel consumption.

Generally, drugs administered through the gastrointestinal tract are often destroyed by gastric acid, and absorption into the hepatic portal vein is often affected by the "hepatic enterocirculation" and "first-pass effect", so the efficacy will be greatly reduced.

The route of administration is divided into 1Drugs that are administered through the gastrointestinal tract and are susceptible to destruction by acids or enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract generally cannot simply be used in this dosage form.

2.Non-gastrointestinal administration: (1) injection administration, (2) respiratory administration, (3) mucosal administration, (4) luminal administration. Both can play a local role or exert a systemic effect after absorption.

Depending on the nature of the drug, the most appropriate route is taken.

Friends, there are oral, intramuscular, intravenous, respiratory, intraperitoneal, **...! We divide it into oral; Injection; **！Oral administration must be consumed and transformed in the process of absorption, and there are quantitative and qualitative changes (which can be strengthened or weakened); The injections generally go directly to the bloodstream and generally work in large amounts; ...！

It's too much, my phone is out of battery, and there are many! You can definitely draw inferences!