A brief introduction to the distribution of soil types in China, and the spatial distribution data o

Main distribution area Black soil: Northeast Purple soil: Sichuan Basin "These two are relatively fertile" Red soil, yellow soil, and brown soil in the southern hills. Loess Plateau: Loess.

The fertile black soil in Northeast China has a higher content of organic matter.

North China is yellow soil with relatively fertile soil.

The Sichuan Basin is purple soil, rich in phosphorus and potassium, and relatively fertile.

The low mountains and hilly areas in the south are barren red soils, with clayey soil, low organic matter content, and acidic soil.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are non-zonal paddy soils with fertile soils.

Brick-red soil, poor soil in the tropical monsoon region of South China.

The spatial distribution data of soil types in each province of China are as follows:

1. Brick red soil: Hainan Island, Leizhou Peninsula, Xishuangbanna and the southern part of Taiwan Island, roughly located in the area south of 22°N.

2. Red soil: most of southern Yunnan, the southern part of Guangxi and Guangdong, the southeastern part of Fujian, and the central and southern part of Taiwan Province, roughly between 22° and 25° north latitude. It is a transitional type between brick red soil and red soil.

3. Red and yellow soils: most of the area south of the Yangtze River and the mountains around the Sichuan Basin.

4. Yellow-brown soil: from the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in the north, to Daba Mountain and the Yangtze River in the south, from the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the east. It is a transitional type of soil between yellow-red soil and brown soil.

5. Brown soil: Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula.

6. Dark brown soil: the eastern slope of the Great Xing'an Mountains, the Little Xing'an Mountains, the Zhangguangcai Mountains and the Changbai Mountains in Northeast China.

7. Cold brown soil (bleached soil): the upper part of the mountain in the northern section of the Daxing'an Mountains, wide in the north and narrow in the south.

8. Brown soil: hilly and low-mountain areas connected by Shanxi, Hebei and Liaoning provinces, and Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi.

9. Chernozem: the east and west sides of the mountains in the central and southern sections of the Daxing'an Mountains, the middle of the Songnen Plain in the northeast and the watershed areas of the Songhua River and the Liaohe River.

10. Chestnut calcareous soil: the vast grassland area in the eastern and central part of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, which is the most widely distributed and largest soil in the calcareous layer soil.

11. Brown calcareous soil: the central and western part of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Ordos Plateau, the northern part of the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, and the outer edge of the Tarim Basin, are the most arid and transitional soils in the calcareous layer to the desert area.

12. Black soil: the loess source area with light soil erosion and flat terrain on the loess plateau in northern Shaanxi, southern Ningxia and eastern Gansu.

13. Desert soil: Inner Mongolia, the western part of Gansu, most of Xinjiang, Qinghai Qaidam Basin and other areas, with a large area.

14. Alpine meadow soil: the eastern and southeastern parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in the Altai Mountains, the mountains west of the Junggar Basin and the Tianshan Mountains.

15. Alpine desert soil: the northwest of the early plateau in northern Tibet, the Kunlun Mountains and the Pamir Plateau.

Introduction to the characteristics of some soils:

1. The characteristics of red soil are that the weathering leaching effect is slightly weaker than that of brick red soil, and the color is red. The soil layer is thicker, the texture is more sticky, the fertility is poor, and it is acidic. The characteristics of red and yellow soil include rich organic matter, but the decomposition is fast, the loss is more, so the humus in the soil is less, the soil is more clayey, because of the strong leaching effect, so the accumulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium is less, and the iron and aluminum are more, and the soil is uniform red.

Due to the hydration of iron oxide in the yellow soil, the soil layer is yellow.

2. The characteristics of yellow-brown soil are that it has the characteristics of aluminization of yellow soil and red soil, and also has the characteristics of viscosity of brown soil. It has a weak acidic reaction and has a relatively high natural fertility.

3. The characteristics of brown soil are that the viscosity in the soil is strong, and it also produces a more obvious leaching effect, so that potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium are leached, and the clay particles are deposited and milled downward. The soil layer is thicker, the texture is relatively viscous, the surface organic matter content is higher, and it is slightly acidic.

The traditional "soil occurrence classification" system was adopted for the national soil type data, and the basic mapping unit was subclassified, which was divided into 12 soil classes, 61 soil classes, and 227 subclasses. There are 2647 records and 16 attribute data items in the soil attribute database, which basically covers various types of soil and their main attribute characteristics in China.

The national soil type data is digitally generated on the basis of the 1:1 million Soil Map of the People's Republic of China, compiled and published by the National Soil Census Office in 1995. The raw data is reliable and has been verified by extensive field surveys and field sampling.

The distribution data of soil types in China is in the form of vector raster distribution, and the mathematical basis is Albers projection.

Soil refers to a layer of loose material on the earth's surface, which is composed of various particles that attack minerals, organic matter, water, air, microorganisms, etc., and can grow plants. Soil is composed of minerals weathered from rocks, organic matter produced by the decomposition of animal and plant and microbial residues, soil organisms (solid substances), water (liquid phase substances), air (gas phase substances), and oxidized humus.