What are the types and patterns of bronzes?

Bronze ware is the most representative art category of the slave society, divided into ritual vessels, musical instruments, weapons, tools and chariots and horses and other types, the decorative patterns on these utensils, the content is diverse, the technique is unique, the structure is rigorous, showing the majestic, dignified, solemn, dignified characteristics, with a unique and novel fierce beauty.

The patterns on bronzes are often decorated on the abdomen, neck, lid and feet of the objects. The content of the decoration mainly includes animal patterns (gluttonous patterns, kui patterns, dragon patterns, phoenix patterns, cockroach patterns, elephant patterns, fish patterns, cicada patterns, turtle patterns, snake patterns, rabbit patterns, rhino patterns, deer patterns, tiger patterns, silkworm patterns, toad patterns, etc.), character patterns (feasting, hunting, fighting, mulberry picking, human faces, feather people, racing, etc.), geometric patterns (cloud and thunder patterns, tile patterns, line patterns, scale patterns, ring patterns, heavy ring patterns, checkered patterns, stealing patterns, cloud patterns, milk nail patterns, wavy thunder patterns, rope patterns, string patterns, ring patterns, millet patterns, etc.). The patterns of bronze have many similarities with those of pottery, but they are more abundant than those of pottery.

There are individual forms, fitting and continuous forms. The production techniques are mostly pottery mold recasting or inlay and knife carving, and some also have lacquer painting and coloring.

In ancient times, bronze was called "gold" or "jijin", which is an alloy of red copper and other chemical elements such as tin and lead. The following are the main ornaments of the ancient bronzes I brought to you, I hope it can help you!

Groove pattern:Representing a legendary animal that resembles a dragon, he said: "Kui......."One foot".

The pattern is mostly a corner, a foot, the mouth is open, and the tail is rolled up. Some of the patterns have become geometric decorations. It is mostly used as the main pattern on the utensils.

Dragon Pattern:"Sayings" "Dragon, the length of the scale, can be ghostly, can be small, can be huge", the pattern takes the image of the legendary dragon. There are basically three forms: the flexion form, where several dragons are coiled around each other and the head splits into two bodies in the middle.

Pan Cantis:Shaped like a chopper, open mouth, curly tail, "Chinese Wu Yu" "for the destruction of the humble, for the snake will be Ruo". Wei Zhao's note: "The small snake is big". The pattern is composed of a small snake (虬) in the shape of a pan.

Bird print:Some have long feathers hanging down their tails, and some have long tails rolled up, and their heads are looked forward or looked back. There are also high crowns on the heads of birds that rise up or droop, and this shape of the bird pattern is also commonly known as the phoenix bird pattern.

Bird patterns are mostly used as motifs on utensils.

Cicada pattern:Most of them are in a triangular shape as a cicada, without fore and rear feet, and are surrounded by cloud and thunder patterns. There are also those that are elongated, and have front and rear feet, and the middle is filled with cloud and thunder patterns.

Silkworm pattern:The head is rounded, the eyes are prominent, and the body is flexed. It is mostly decorated on the mouth or feet of the utensil.

Elephant pattern:The pattern of the phenomenon is characterized by a proboscis and a single elephant's head or trunk.

Fish Pattern:The pattern shows the form of a fish, some of which are more rigid and some are vivid. One or two spinal fins and one or two pelvic fins.

The fish pattern is often decorated on the plate, reflecting that the decoration of the utensils and the shape of the utensils are closely combined. Fish patterns are also often applied to copper washes and copper mirrors.

Tortoise:Its shape is generally depicted in the whole shape of the turtle, which is not seen much in bronze ware, and is mostly applied to the plate.

Shell pattern:The shape is shell-shaped, and the individual shells are connected to form a pattern.

Cloud Thunder Pattern:A typical ornamentation on bronzes. Its.

The basic feature is the formation of geometric shapes in continuous swirling lines. Some make a circular continuous composition, which is called moire alone; Some make a square continuous composition, which is called a thunder pattern. The cloud and thunder pattern is often used as the ground pattern of bronze ware, which is used to set off the theme decoration.

There are also those that appear alone on the neck or feet of the object.

Hook Thunder Pattern:It is composed of lines that are connected to each other in an approximate "T" shape.

Breast nail lines:One of the simplest ornamentation on bronzes. The stria is a raised mastoid process, arranged in a single row or phalanx. There is another kind of milk nails, each placed in an oblique grid, which is called an oblique grid milk nail pattern.

Bronze ware can be divided into food vessels, wine vessels, water vessels, musical instruments, weapons and other types, among which food vessels include Ding, 鬲, 甗, 簋, 簠 and other bronze vessels, and wine vessels include Jue, Jiao, 斝, Wei and other bronze vessels. Water utensils include bronze utensils such as reeds, pots, plates, and cups, and musical instruments include bronze vessels such as cymbals, bells, and prongs, as well as bronze utensils such as cymbals, chimes, and spears.

1. Eating utensils. Edible utensils are one of the types of bronze ware, and edible utensils mainly include Ding, 鬲, 甗, 簋, 簠, 盨, Dun, Bean and other bronze ware, among which Ding is equivalent to a pot, 鬲 is used for cooking rice, 甗 is equivalent to a steamer, and 簋 is equivalent to a large bowl.

2. Wine and wine vessels. Bronze wine vessels include Jue, Jiao, Zhu, Wei, 卣, Yao, 兕觥, pot, 觯, Zun, among which Jue is equivalent to a wine glass, 斝 is a wine warmer, Jiao, Yao, and Zhu are drinking vessels, and 兕觥 is a wine or drinking vessel, which is a large or medium-sized wine container.

3. a water appliance. Bronze water vessels include wei, pots, plates, cups, urns, and bowls, among which the bowls, pots, and urns are vessels for holding wine or water, plates are used for holding water or receiving water, and bowls are vessels for holding water or rice.

Qingxian reed bronze ware is mainly divided into food vessels, wine vessels, water vessels, and weapons.

There are different shapes of bronzes under each category, such as different types of bronzes such as Ding, Ding, Mustache, Ning, Gui, Bang, Xuan, Dun and so on.

Introduction to Bronze:

Bronze is a type of utensil made of bronze alloy with a patina of blue-green color. The earliest bronze artifacts appeared in the valley of the two rivers in ancient Babylon 6,000 years ago, and were born in the Bronze Age during the period of human civilization, which is a symbol of world civilization. With the development of primitive society, Ding gradually changed from the most ruinous cooking utensils for cooking food to a ritual vessel, becoming a symbol of power and wealth.

The status of bronze also increased, and it gradually became a symbol of nobility.

The casting range of bronzes includes cooking utensils, food utensils, wine vessels, water vessels, etc., and Chinese bronzes are exquisitely made and enjoy a high reputation and artistic value in the world.