Please translate the preface to Song Ci s Collection of Grievances .

In all cases, the death penalty is the most important thing to do. In order to sentence a prisoner to death, the most important thing is to ascertain the clues and facts of the case, and in order to find out the clues and facts of the case, the most important thing is to rely on the means of inspection and investigation. This is because whether a person is alive or dead, whether a case is tortuous or straight, and whether a grievance is served or cast depends on the conclusion drawn on the basis of inspection and investigation.

This is also the reason why all criminal ** cases in the state and county trial cases stipulated in the law must be personally involved in the inspection and investigation, and they must be extremely cautious and careful! In recent years, the local yamen, but handed over such a major matter to some new ** or military attachés to handle, these ** do not have much experience, so they suddenly take over the case, if there are inquest personnel from it, the low-level clerks in the yamen are in the middle of the traitor, then the case is confusing, it is difficult to figure out only by interrogation. Even if there are some capable ** in the middle, but with only one head and two eyes, it is difficult to give full play to his ingenuity, not to mention those officials who look at the corpses from afar and refuse to approach, and are afraid of the bloody stench!

I'm Song Ci. This person has four law enforcement officers, and he has no other skills, but he is very serious in judging the case, and he will try it again when it is necessary, and he does not dare to be sloppy in the slightest. If fraud is found in the case, it will be refuted and corrected vigorously, and there will be no mercy; If there is a mystery that is difficult to solve, we must also think repeatedly to find the answer, for fear of being arbitrary and making the dead die blindly. I often think that many of the reasons why there are misjudgments in prison are due to deviations in subtleties; The mistakes in investigation and verification are caused by sloppy handling and lack of experience.

With this in mind, I draw on a wide range of forensic science that has been passed down in recent times.

There are several kinds of works, all the way down from the "Inner Forgiveness Record", carefully digest it, absorb its essence, remove its fallacies, and add his own long-term experience in judicial practice, compiled into a book, named "Records of Clearing Grievances".

It was printed in my Hunan province and read by my colleagues so that they could refer to it when trying cases. This is just like a doctor studying ancient medical books and prescriptions, before diagnosing and treating a patient, he can clarify the context in advance, so that there are rules to follow, and then apply medicine to the symptoms, so that there is nothing that does not work. As far as the trial of the case is concerned, the result of clearing up grievances and returning facts to their original appearance is exactly the same as the principle of a doctor treating the sick and saving people and bringing the dead back to life.

Doctor Chaosan, the new secretary of the new division, and the senator of the Hunan Ambassador's Office, Song Ci (the word Huifu), made a preface on the ten days before the Jiaping Festival at the end of the Chunyou year.

Dear virtuous people**, if you find that there are exceptions to the trial and investigation methods and cases listed in this book in the cases you have seen and heard and the cases you have personally participated in, I kindly ask you to take the trouble to record them on a piece of paper and give them to me, so that I can add the missing cases to it. Song Ci bowed again.

The preface to the collection of grievances is completed.

Preface to the collection of grievances.

Original text: Prison affairs are not more important than the great opening, the great opening is not more important than the first love, and the first love is not more important than the test. Cover the power of life and death, and the opportunity to bend and stretch, so it is decided. In the law, so the difference is now the one who is the one who is careful.

Translation: Of all cases, the most important is the death penalty. In order to sentence a prisoner to death, the most important thing is to grasp the clues and facts at the time of the crime, and to find out the clues and facts at the time of the case, the first thing is to rely on the means of inspection and investigation.

Because whether a person is alive or dead, whether the case is tortuous or straight, whether the grievance is avenged or cast, all depend on the decision you make. This is where the principle of meticulous investigation and careful trial emphasized in the law lies, and it must be done with extreme caution.

Extraction code: lj4t "Collection of Grievances", forensic works, also known as "Records of Clearing Grievances", "Song Ti Criminal Records of Clearing Grievances", 4 volumes. Written by Song Ci (Huifu) of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was completed in the seventh year of Chunyou (1247).

The book is composed of 53 contents, such as general examination, injury examination, autopsy, injury identification, and bone examination. It also discusses in detail the procedures for judging cases and examining the form of legal officials, such as crime, criminal investigation, and bailout.

Song Ci's "Collection of Grievances" is rich in content and has a wide range, involving anatomy, physiology, cases, diagnosis, first aid, internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, orthopedics, etc., and many of the contents still have very high scientific value today. The shortcomings in the book are that due to the limitations of Song Ci's historical conditions at that time, science and technology were not yet developed, so the observation of the disease in some places in the book was not rigorous enough, lacked scientific basis, and some also had some superstitious colors.

The Records of Clearing Grievances were used in China for more than 600 years from the 13th century to the 19th century. This book has a great influence not only in China, but also in the world. In 1862, the Dutch translated it into Dutch.

In 1908, the French translated the book into French. Later, the "Collection of Grievances" was successively translated into German, Korean, Japanese, English, American, Russian and other languages.

According to historical records, Song Ci served as a senior criminal officer during the Song Dynasty. When he was in office, he was very serious in adjudicating cases, especially for some major cases, he always thought about it repeatedly. While examining the crime scene, he also kept an eye on the autopsy examiner for evidence at the scene.

Because Song Ci has been engaged in trial work for a long time, he has been in and out of the scene of the case, and he has repeatedly competed with criminals in the battle of wits, and he is good at learning and studying, so he has accumulated a wealth of knowledge and experience in forensic examination. On the basis of the experience summarized by his predecessors, Song Ci began to compile the book "Collection of Records of Clearing Grievances" in 1245 AD. He synthesized and refined various books on forensic science research, and added some of his own correct views, and compiled them into the "Collection of Records of Clearing Grievances".

The first biography of Song Ci and the preface to the "Collection of Grievances".

1. Statue of Song Ci and tomb of Song Ci.

Second, Song Ci's biography.

3. The preface to Song Ci's handwriting "Collection of Grievances".

The second part of the "Collection of Grievances" original text, notes, translations, comments and **.

Volume 1. a) Regulations.

2) The general review is on the top.

3) The general review is as follows.

4) Difficult and miscellaneous theories.

Volume II. 5) Difficult and miscellaneous words.

6) Initial inspection. 7) Re-examination.

viii) Post-mortem. ix) Women.

Attached) pediatric cadavers and twins.

10) Four o'clock changes.

11) Washing.

12) Examination of unburied corpses.

13) Examination of the burial body in and under the house*.

14) Examine the rotten corpses.

15) Unsupported inspection.

16) White stiff death, sudden death.

Volume 3.

XVII) Bone examination.

18) On the bones and veins along the body and the vital places.

19) Self-hanging.

20) Beaten to death and pretended to hang himself.

21) Drowning.

Volume IV. 22) Examination of other objects and death of hands and feet.

23) Self-punishment.

24) Lethal.

25) The corpse is in a different place.

26) Death by fire.

27) Soup splashed to death.

28) Poisoning.

29) Sick and dead.

30) Acupuncture to death.

31) Words.

Volume 5. 32) Death by examination.

33) Death by the rod.

34) Fall to death.

35) collapsed and crushed.

36) Death of foreign body pressure on the mouth and nose.

The third "Collection of Grievances" and Song Ci's legal and academic thoughts.

The fourth article of Song Ci's "Collection of Records of Clearing Grievances" and the Song Dynasty's judicial appraisal and the system of annihilation and extermination.

Afterword - Why can Song Ci "let the dead speak", and what are his autopsy tricks?