What causes deafness? What causes deafness?

The main causes of deafness are congenital and acquired, congenital deafness mainly refers to the disorder caused at birth, or shortly after birth, and the main reasons for the occurrence are: 1, because of hereditary reasons, due to familial genes or chromosomes caused by hearing impairment, genetic screening is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of this deafness, 2Non-hereditary congenital deafness refers to hearing impairment caused by infection, poisoning, trauma and other factors during embryonic development or late delivery of the mother.

The most important acquired deafness is otitis media, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are also easy to induce deafness, such as hypertension, blood circulation disorders caused by diabetes, endocrine disorders, drug poisoning, noise effects, etc.

In addition to the natural aging of the auditory system, the causes of deafness in the elderly are also related to the following factors: genetic factors (making the auditory system susceptible to damage), atherosclerosis (causing blockage of cochlear arterioles), excessive intake of saturated fatty acids (aggravating atherosclerosis), diabetes (causing endothelial hyperplasia of the cochlea and reducing blood supply), smoking (aggravating atherosclerosis), noise, and ototoxic drugs

Deafness can be divided into congenital deafness as well as acquired deafness. Congenital deafness is usually caused by congenital factors. Acquired hearing loss, according to the nature and different **, can be divided into sensorineural hearing loss, mixed hearing loss and conductive hearing loss, in general, sensorineural hearing loss is usually caused by inner ear pathology.

Conductive hearing loss is usually caused by a lesion of the middle ear sound transmission system.

Deafness refers to the lesions of the auditory system, such as the transmission of sound, the auditory nerve, and the centers at all levels. Deafness is divided into conductive deafness and sensorineural deafness according to **

Many factors, both congenital and acquired, can eventually cause deafness.

Congenital factors, including genetic factors, maternal infection factors during pregnancy and childbirth, etc., often lead to hearing loss at birth, shortly after birth, and of course, it may also be delayed.

Acquired deafness can occur at any age. For example, the risk of hearing loss increases as we age; The environment or noise is too loud and exceeds the normal tolerance threshold; Noise pollution for a long time, etc.

The ear is divided into three main areas: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Sound vibrates through the eardrum in the form of sound waves through the ear canal.

The eardrum and three small bones of the middle ear, like dominoes, transmit sound waves in sequence and amplify them step by step until they reach the inner ear and vibrate the lymphatic fluid of the cochlea.

In the cochlea, the nerves are connected into thousands of cilia, which are enough to convert the vibrations of sound into nerve electrical signals, and finally transmit the signals to the brain, and the person hears the sound.

In the whole process, any problem in any link may lead to deafness.

Genetic factors. Genetic defects, such as genetic or chromosomal abnormalities, can lead to hearing impairment, most often sensorineural hearing loss.

Maternal environmental influences during pregnancy.

It refers to the child's hearing impairment due to the influence of pathological factors such as maternal infection, poisoning or trauma during embryonic development, perinatal or delivery. For example, the mother's improper use of drugs during pregnancy, suffering from certain infectious diseases, improper use of forceps during childbirth, etc.

Infectious factors. Such as meningitis, measles and mumps and otitis media.

Tumor. Acoustic neuroma Patients may experience deafness due to tumor bleeding, edema of surrounding tissues, etc., which compresses the cochlear nerve.

Ototoxic drugs.

Certain medications can damage hearing, and there are currently more than 200 drugs and chemicals that have been documented to induce hearing***.

Trauma. Head injuries, especially skull fractures, put the ears at serious risk of hearing loss.

Abrupt changes in air pressure.

For example, diving, or when an airplane is taking off and landing, it may cause the inner ear fluid to move, and occasionally leakage or rupture, which can lead to damage to the inner ear nerve.

Age factor. As we age, the cells in the cochlea wear down, and if this relay station for sound signals is damaged, it can lead to hearing loss.

Noises. Long-term exposure to noise, such as occupational noise, regular sounds in workshops, carpentry, etc.; or short-term noises, such as gunshots, can cause damage to the inside of the ear.

Psychiatric and psychological factors.

Excessive stress, stress, and mood swings can induce deafness.

Some diseases that may affect hearing.

Heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes, among others, can interfere with the blood flow in the ear**, putting hearing function at risk.

Congenital deafness mainly refers to hearing impairment caused at birth or shortly after birth, and the main reasons for the occurrence are: 1. Because of hereditary reasons, hearing impairment caused by familial genetic or chromosomal abnormalities, genetic screening is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of this deafness. 2. Non-hereditary congenital deafness refers to the hearing impairment caused by infection, poisoning, trauma and other factors during the embryonic development period or the mother's childbirth.

The most important acquired deafness is otitis media, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are also easy to induce deafness, such as hypertension, blood circulation disorders caused by diabetes, endocrine disorders, drug poisoning, noise effects, etc. Deafness is conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss. Conductive deafness starts with the conduction of sound, the conduction of sound, that is, the pinna collects the sound, passes through the eardrum, the ossicular chain, and finally transmits it to the inner ear through the ossicular chain, and the nerve cells of the inner ear feel the sound, and then transmit it to the brain through the auditory nerve to feel the sound, so that the sound is heard.

The causes of deafness are problems in the conduction pathway, and problems in the sensory cells that sense sound, causing conductive deafness and neural deafness. Problems occur along the conduction path, the most common is atresia of the ear canal, or there are some deformities in the pinna, narrow ear canal, cerumen in the ear canal, which will cause conductive deafness, and then there is a perforation of the eardrum inside, which will cause conductive deafness. If the congenital ossicular chain is broken, and the surrounding ossicular chain is affected by otitis media lesions, inflammatory granulation, or cholesteatoma, which affects the activity of the ossicular chain, it can also cause conductive deafness.

There is also otosclerosis, which is mainly caused by the innermost ossicle called the stapes, which is fixed, which causes the obstacle of sound transmission to the inner ear, and also causes conductive deafness. Further inside, there are nerve cells, and if something goes wrong with the nerve cells, it can cause sensorineural deafness, which is some of its basic causes.

What causes deafness? Deafness is divided into congenital deafness and acquired deafness, congenital deafness is the result of existing hearing impairment, and acquired deafness is caused by a variety of causes. **It can be broadly divided into two categories: hereditary deafness and non-hereditary deafness.

The following is a detailed introduction to the ** and ** methods of deafness by experts from Beijing Shouda Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, hoping to bring you some help.

What causes deafness?

First, hereditary deafness: deafness caused by a genetic or chromosomal abnormality carried by both parents, one of which is deaf and mute, and the dominant gene on the chromosome is passed on to the offspring, which is autosomal dominant deafness. If both parents have normal hearing but carry a chromosomal recessive deafness gene, the offspring will have recessive deafness, or be associated with hereditary deafness.

Second, non-hereditary deafness:

1. Pregnant 3-4 months mother suffering from rubella, mumps and other diseases, or recovering for a short time nephritis, hepatitis, diabetes or using ototoxic antibiotics such as gentamicin, chain, etc. or prolonged labor during labor, dystocia, birth trauma, neonatal hypoxia, asphyxia, neonatal jaundice, failed serum, preterm birth, and low birth weight children can cause deafness.

2. Presbycusis: This is the degenerative changes of the hearing organs caused by the aging process of the human body, as well as genetics and one's own health conditions. High blood pressure, hardening of the arteries, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and other chronic diseases can induce or worsen hearing impairment.

3. The root cause of infectious deafness: ** is the acute and chronic infectious diseases caused by various sensorineural deafness. For hearing loss serious infectious diseases are meningitis, scarlet fever, diphtheria, typhoid, rubella, influenza and mumps, measles, chickenpox, etc.

Pathogenic microorganisms or their viruses can enter the inner ear through the bloodstream, destroying its structure and causing unilateral or bilateral development or aggravation of sensorineural hearing loss.

4. Deafness caused by systemic diseases: Many systemic diseases cause deafness, but inner ear blood diseases caused by vascular diseases are very common, such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, etc.

5. Toxic drugs for deafness: At present, more than 100 kinds of ototoxic drugs have been found, which can enter the fetus with the fetus during the placenta and affect the development of the fetal inner ear, and can also be deaf and mute people of all ages.

Deafness is also hearing loss, when hearing loss occurs, you will not be able to hear others clearly, and there may be a series of symptoms such as dizziness, headache, insomnia, high blood pressure and so on. According to the location and nature of the lesion, it can be divided into three categories: (1) conductive deafness, (2) sensorineural deafness, (3) mixed deafness; Generally, the light one is "heavy hearing", and under normal circumstances, the other party's raised speech can be heard; In severe cases, they are deaf and cannot hear or hear outside sounds.

Depending on the location and nature of the ear lesions, the degree of deafness varies. Young children are unable to learn language due to ear dysplasia or deafness caused by certain diseases, which can lead to deafness and muteness.

There are many causes of deafness, and in addition to congenital dysplasia or defects and genetics, many acquired diseases can also cause deafness.

For example, deafness caused by inflammation of the external auditory canal, otitis media, etc., as well as drug-toxic deafness, infectious deafness, sudden deafness, presbycusis, Meniere's disease and so on.

There are many causes of deafness, including genetics, diseases (mumps, epidemics, scarlet fever, diphtheria, typhoid, syphilis, meningitis, diabetes, autoimmune diseases), trauma, etc. In addition, gas poisoning, noise, lack of oxygen at birth, etc.

Infections, common ones are myringitis, secretory otitis media, labyrinthitis and so on. Inflammation of the infected site can drain pus and block the external or inner auditory canal, resulting in decreased sound wave conduction. Tumors, common ones are middle ear cancer and tympanic body tumors.

The enlarged part of the tumor can block the conduction of sound waves in the external or internal auditory canal. Immunity, common diseases are autoimmune inner ear disease. The autoimmune cells attack the auditory nerve cells, causing hearing loss.

Meniere's disease, in which fluid forms in the inner ear, causing intermittent episodes of deafness, vertigo and tinnitus. Otosclerosis, which is caused by the overgrowth of bone in the inner ear, is also the most common form of conductive hearing loss**. Related diseases, secretory otitis media, myringitis, labyrinthitis, middle ear cancer, tympanic body tumor, autoimmune inner ear disease non-disease ** element, common drugs are gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin.

Ototoxic drugs can cause the inner ear to malfunction, leading to hearing loss. Foreign bodies, commonly cerumen plugging. Conduction of sound waves that block the external ear canal.

Trauma, common are perforation of the eardrum, loud noises, sudden changes in pressure, and perforation of the eardrum caused by objects affecting hearing. Aging, hearing loss is a normal manifestation of the aging process, and age-related deafness is called presbycusis, which is a neurological hearing loss that is the result of the gradual aging and death of the hair cells of the inner ear with age, but no new cells to replace them. Noise, if regularly exposed to noise for several years, can cause neural hearing loss due to damage to the hair cells that sense sound in the inner ear, and noise above 80 decibels is a potential cause of deafness**, including rock clubs, sirens, electric drills, electronic drums, and lawn mowers.

Earwax, which is a substance normally secreted by the outer ear, can cause hearing loss if too much earwax accumulates, or if the earwax enters the ear canal too deeply. There are several genes that make people congenitally deaf by influencing the development of the ear and affecting the function of sensory nerve hair cells. Birth defects, newborns may be affected by a variety of factors that can cause hearing loss, such as pregnancy complications, intrauterine infections, and premature birth.

Drugs and emotions.

Gentamicin is the main drug that causes toxic deafness. It can cause damage to both the vestibule and cochlea of the ear and can cause irreversible hearing loss if the drug is accidentally used by the child. In addition to gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, quinine, and heavy metal preparations are all ototoxic drugs and should be used with caution.

Stress, stress and emotion can also cause hearing loss in a short period of time, resulting in sudden deafness.

Noise and trauma.

Excessive and persistent noise can adversely affect the central nervous system, especially damage to the auditory organs, dull neural deafness. Perforation of the tympanic membrane due to trauma can cause conductive hearing loss; Traumatic brain injury, damage to the inner ear, sudden knocking, or sudden changes in air pressure can all cause neural hearing loss.

Infection & Disease.

Diseases such as meningococcal meningitis, mumps, measles and colds can be deformed, atrophied or inflamed and dissolved by ganglion cells, invading the auditory nerve trunk, making it inflamed or compressed by the scar left by the surrounding inflammation, and sometimes the cells of the auditory nerve nucleus can be edema or even dissolved, resulting in deafness.