Who are the mathematical scientists in my country? And stories about them! Except Hua Luogeng, Chen

Zu Chongzhi's outstanding achievement in mathematics is about the calculation of pi. Before the Qin and Han dynasties, people to:"Trail three times a week"As pi, this is"Ancient rate"。Later, it was found that the error of the paleorate was too large, and the pi should be"The circle diameter is more than three days", but how much is left, opinions differ.

It was not until the Three Kingdoms period that Liu Hui proposed a scientific method for calculating pi"Circumcision"to approximate the circumference of the circle by incorporating the perimeter of the regular polygon. Liu Hui calculates that the circle is inlaid with 96 polygons, and obtains =, and points out that the more sides of the inscribed regular polygon, the more accurate the value obtained. On the basis of the achievements of his predecessors, Zu Chongzhi has worked hard and repeatedly calculated to find out between and .

And the approximate value in the form of fraction is obtained, which is taken as the approximate rate and taken as the density rate, where six decimal places are taken, which is the fraction with the closest value of the numerator denominator within 1000. What method Zu Chongzhi used to arrive at this result is now impossible to examine. If you imagine that he is according to Liu Hui's"Circumcision"If you want to find this method, you have to calculate that the circle is connected with 16,384 polygons, which requires a lot of time and labor!

It can be seen that his tenacious perseverance and intelligence in academic management are admirable. It was more than a thousand years before foreign mathematicians obtained the same result for Zu Chongzhi's calculation of the density rate. In order to commemorate Zu Chongzhi's outstanding contributions, some foreign historians of mathematics have suggested that = be called"Ancestral rate"。

Zu Chongzhi read the famous classics at that time, insisted on seeking truth from facts, he compared and analyzed a large number of materials from his own measurement and calculation, found the serious errors of the past calendar, and had the courage to improve, and at the age of 33, he successfully compiled the "Ming Calendar", opening up a new era in the history of the calendar.

Zu Chongzhi also worked with his son Zu Xuan (also a famous mathematician in China) to solve the calculation of the volume of the sphere with ingenious methods. One of the principles they used at the time was:"If the power potential is the same, the product cannot be different.

That is, two three-dimensional objects located between two parallel planes are truncated by either plane parallel to these two planes, and if the areas of the two cross-sections are always equal, then the volume of the two three-dimensional dimensions is equal. This principle is known in Western terms as Cavalelli's principle, but it was not discovered by Cavalelli until more than a thousand years after Zu. In order to commemorate the great contribution of the Zu father and son in discovering this principle, everyone also calls this principle"The principle of ancestry"。

The story of a mathematician - Su Buqing.

Su Buqing was born in September 1902 in a mountain village in Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province. Although his family is poor, his parents are frugal and work hard to provide for him to go to school. When he was in junior high school, he was not interested in mathematics, thinking that mathematics was too simple and he could understand it as soon as he learned it.

However, a later math class influenced the path of his life.

It was when Su Buqing was in his third year of junior high school, and he was studying in Zhejiang Province No. 60 Middle School, and there was a teacher Yang who had just returned from studying in Tokyo to teach mathematics. In the first class, Mr. Yang did not talk about mathematics, but told stories. He said:

In today's world, the law of the jungle eats the strong, and the world's great powers rely on the strength of their ships and guns to carve up China. The danger of China's extinction is imminent, and it is a move to revitalize science, develop industry, and save the country. 'The rise and fall of the world is the responsibility of the husband', and every student here has a responsibility.

He talked about the great role of mathematics in the development of modern science and technology. The last sentence of the lesson was: "In order to save the world, science must be revitalized."

Mathematics is the pioneer of science, and in order to develop science, it is necessary to learn mathematics well. Su Buqing didn't know how many classes he had heard in his life, but this class made him unforgettable for life.

Mr. Yang's class deeply touched him and injected new stimulants into his mind. Studying, not only to get rid of personal difficulties, but also to save the vast number of suffering people in China; Studying is not only to find a way out for individuals, but also to seek a new life for the Chinese nation. That night, Su Buqing tossed and turned, unable to sleep all night.

Under the influence of Mr. Yang, Su Buqing's interest shifted from literature to mathematics, and since then he has set up the motto of "reading without forgetting to save the country, and saving the country without forgetting to read". As soon as he became obsessed with mathematics, whether it was a scorching summer or midwinter, a frosty morning or a snowy night, Su Buqing only knew how to read, think, solve problems, and calculate, and he calculated tens of thousands of number learning problems in 4 years. Now Wenzhou No. 1 Middle School (that is, the Provincial No. 10 Middle School at that time) still treasures Su Buqing's geometry exercise book, which is written with a brush and is neat.

When he graduated from middle school, Su Buqing's homework was above 90 points.

At the age of 17, Su Buqing went to Japan to study and was admitted to the Tokyo Higher Technical School with the first place, where he studied hungrily. The belief in winning glory for the country drove Su Buqing to enter the field of mathematics research earlier, and while completing his studies, he wrote more than 30 articles**, achieved remarkable results in differential geometry, and obtained a doctorate in science in 1931. Before receiving his Ph.D., Su Buqing was already a lecturer in the Department of Mathematics at Imperial University of Japan, but just as a Japanese university was about to hire him as an associate professor with a good salary, Su Buqing decided to return to China and return to his ancestors who raised him to teach.

Su Buqing, who returned to Zhejiang University as a professor, lived a very difficult life. In the face of the predicament, Su Buqing's "What is the benefit of hardship, I am willing, because I have chosen a correct path, which is a bright road of patriotism!" ”

This is the patriotic heart of the older generation of mathematicians.

Chen Jingrun is an excellent mathematician, he was discovered and cultivated by Hua Luogeng. Chen Jingrun's attainments in mathematics are very deep, and he is a famous mathematician in China.

Hua Luogeng: He was a middle school teacher at the time.

Hua Luogeng is a famous mathematician in China, and he is known as the father of modern Chinese mathematics. Hua Luogeng (, was born in Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu, and his ancestral home is Danyang, Jiangsu. He is a mathematician, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences, and an academician of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Member of the Standing Committee of the 1st to 6th National People's Congress of China.

He is the founder and pioneer of many aspects of Chinese analytic number theory, matrix geometry, canonical groups, automorphic function theory and multivariate complex function theory, and is listed as one of the 88 great mathematicians in the world today in the Chicago Museum of Science and Technology. The mathematical research achievements named after Fahrenheit in the world include "Fahrenheit's theorem", "Fahrenheit's inequality", "Fahrenheit method" and so on.

Contributions: Hua Luogeng left ten masterpieces in his lifetime: "Theory of Stacked Prime Numbers", "Valuation of Exponential Sum and Its Application in Number Theory", "Harmonic Analysis of Typical Fields in the Theory of Multiple Complex Variable Functions", "Introduction to Number Theory", "Typical Groups" (co-authored with Wan Zhexian), "Starting from the Unit Circle", "Application of Number Theory in Approximate Analysis" (co-authored with Wang Yuan), "System of Linear Partial Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients of Two Unknown Functions of Two Independent Variables of the Second Order" (co-authored with others).

Optimization Studies" and "Mathematical Theory of Scope Optimization of Planned Economy", eight of which have been translated and published abroad, have been included in the list of classic works of mathematics in the 20th century. In addition, there are more than 150 academic articles, such as popular science works "Commentary on the Optimization Law and Its Supplement", "Commentary on the Overall Law and Supplement", etc., which are compiled as "Selected Popular Science Works of Hua Luogeng".

"Star" refers to Hua Luogeng's "Theory of Stacked Prime Numbers"; "Motes" refers to a calculation error in the book. Thinking about it in context, when Hua Luogeng found out that his calculations were indeed wrong, how would he praise this "ordinary young mathematics teacher" who wrote the letter?He was full of praise:

He's right, this teacher is such a talent! "What kind of spiritual qualities do Hua Luogeng and Chen Jingrun have? Hua Luogeng:

He is good at discovering talents and is very humble. Chen Jingrun: Dare to put forward your own opinions.

His research in the field of mathematics has been fruitful. In January 1957, he won the first prize of the National Invention Award for his book "Theory of Multivariate Complex Variable Functions on Typical Domains", and published monographs in Chinese, Russian and English. In 1957, he published "Introduction to Number Theory"; In 1959, Leipzig first published "The Estimation of Exponential Sums and Their Applications in Number Theory" in German, followed by Russian and Chinese editions. In 1963, he and his student Wan Zhexian co-authored the book "Typical Groups" and published it. He initiated the establishment of the Institute of Computer Technology and was one of the first scientists in China to advocate the development of electronic computers.

In 1957, Chen Jingrun was transferred to the Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and as a new starting point, he studied harder. After more than 10 years of calculation, in May 1965, he published his ** "Large Even Number Represents the Sum of the Product of a Prime Number and a No More Than 2 Prime Numbers". ** has been highly valued and praised by the world mathematics community and famous mathematicians.

The British mathematician Haberstein and the German mathematician Richter wrote Chen Jingrun's ** into a mathematics book, called "Chen's theorem".