What are the eating habits and customs of the Qiang people?

The various festive banquet patterns formed by the Qiang people in Beichuan for a long time determine their grades and forms according to the specific situation of the family's economic situation and the possession of raw materials. Where the house is repaired and the house is built, the wedding and funeral celebrations are all regulated on the side dishes, plates, and bowls on the table, and the appetizers and meals are roughly separated, and the forms are mostly as follows"Thirteen flowers"(i.e. thirteen dishes), appetizers"Thirteen flowers", that is, five dried meat plates based on bacon plus walnuts, dried tofu, and wild vegetable mushrooms, plus three stir-fried vegetables and a craft bowl; Next to the meal"Thirteen flowers"That is, the simplest is not less than four meats, and the better ones are six to eight meat dishes such as whole chicken, whole fish, whole elbow, roasted white, longan, sweet meat, etc., and the rest are full of more precious wild vegetables and wild mushrooms"Thirteen flowers"。

There are rules for serving, opening and withdrawing from the table, and violators are considered disrespectful to the guests. As soon as the morning arrives at the beginning of the banquet, the branch secretary announces that the food will be served, and the first table with a bowl in the middle of the hall will be served"Thirteen flowers", that is, the host began to worship the gods, fire cannons, burn incense, greet the ancestors in place, and then return the bowl to the cage. After nine dry plates, tableware, etc. are placed on the table of each table, the branch and guest division announce the purpose of the banquet to the relatives, and according to the different identities (generations) of the guests, they will eat and fire guns in the order of up and down, left and right; Each table is arranged by the branch department to arrange a guest to sit in the lower corner of the right side of the front to accompany the guests to pour wine, and after all the guests are seated, three plates of stir-fried vegetables will be served; After thirty years of wine, the bowl is high, the cannon is fired, the branch of the guest division on behalf of the host to the guests, and the host toasts to the guests respectively, while toasting while singing wine songs, after the toast, then all the dishes are collected, and then the meal"Thirteen flowers", accompany the guests to continue to persuade the guests to eat, until the guests are full of wine and food; All guests will be dismissed after all guests have been dismissed.

The Qiang people now mainly live in Maowen in western Sichuan, and the rest are scattered in Wenchuan, Lixian, Heishui, Songpan and other places. It has a population of more than 10,000 people (Fourth Population Census in 1990). The Qiang people call themselves "Erma", which means "natives".

Its origins can be traced back to the Zuoqiang people more than 3,000 years ago. As early as 3,000 years ago, there were records of the Qiang people in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Dynasty, and they were mainly active in the northwest of China and the Central Plains. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the Ran and (Ma + Long) tribes of the ancient Qiang people lived in the northwest of present-day Sichuan.

During the Tang Dynasty, some Qiang people assimilated into the Tibetans, and the other part assimilated into the Han people. Today's Qiang people are one of the remaining branches of the ancient Qiang people.

The Qiang people do not have their own language, and they use Chinese as a language, but they have their own language. The Qiang language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, which is divided into two major dialects, north and south.

The mountainous areas inhabited by the Qiang people are home to the world's rare pandas, flying foxes, golden snub-nosed monkeys, etc. This ancient people are now mainly engaged in agriculture. The industry has been built from scratch, and tanning, paper, wood, cement, fertilizer and other industries have been built.

Embroidery, flower picking, and weaving are the traditional crafts of the Qiang people.

The taboos of the Qiang nationality are: when a woman gives birth, she hangs a flail or a back pocket outside the door, and does not allow outsiders to enter, and when there is a sick person at home, she hangs a red note on the door to avoid outsiders from visiting; Do not cross the fire pit or step on the tripod with your feet, and do not bake shoes and socks on the tripod; Avoid sitting on thresholds and stairs; After eating, do not put your chopsticks across the bowl or turn the wine glass upside down.

Most of the Qiang people have two meals a day, that is, after breakfast, they go out to work, and they have to bring steamed buns (cornmeal buns), and eat them in the field at noon, which is called "beating the tip". In the afternoon, I called it a day and went home for dinner. Most staple foods are inseparable from steamed noodles.

Frequently eaten noodle steaming is to put corn flour in the retort and steam it into granules, which can be eaten as rice, sometimes the washed rice is mixed into the corn flour, or the corn flour is mixed into the rice and steamed, which is called "gold and silver" or "silver and gold". Mixed with wheat flour and corn flour to make a bun and roasted on the fire, it is also one of the main daily foods of the Qiang people. <>

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, returning to nature and advocating nature has become the first choice to improve the quality of life and ensure physical and mental health. Make full use of the great opportunity to develop the Dayu hometown scenic spot, Xiaozhaizi Nature Reserve, and Qianfoshan Ecological Tourism Zone, vigorously develop the food culture focusing on highlighting the characteristics of the Qiang nationality, as a supporting service industry for tourism development in the county, create a wild series of food brands, push the food culture of the Qiang nationality to a new level of development, and make positive contributions to the economic development of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County. <>

The Qiang are an ancient ethnic group with a history of at least 4,000 years. The Qiang people are also a heroic people. When it comes to Dayu, it is the Qiang people.

There are now more than 190,000 Qiang people, almost all of whom live in the northwestern mountains of Sichuan Province. The main residential areas are Mao County, Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, Wenchuan County, Li County, Songpan County and Aba County. The distribution of Ganzi is also small, and there are few in other provinces.

The main food of the Qiang people is corn, wheat, barley, fenugreek, soybean, pea, buckwheat and so on. There is also rice and flour from the western Sichuan plain. Including radish, cabbage, chili, lotus white, etc. They often eat sauerkraut that they make themselves, and Minbi usually eats three meals a day.

The Qiang people rarely eat fresh pork. They usually kill pigs after the winter solstice. The pork is cut into long strips and hung on the beams of the kitchen.

The pork is smoked and dried into "pig fat", which is smoky yellow in color. Conventional wisdom is that the longer pork fat is stored, the better. The fresh lean meat of the slaughtered pig is washed and poured into the small intestine to make sausages, which are generally eaten on the first day of the new year.

Qiang people, both men and women, young and old, like to drink barley and mixed wine brewed from barley. Mixed sake is made by boiling barley, mixing it with koji, sealing it in a jar, and fermenting for 7-8 days before drinking. At festivals, weddings, funerals, sacrificial ceremonies, parties, receptions, or job changes, in addition to a hearty meal, wine is also essential.

It is a wine made during the Chung Yeung Festival and needs to be stored for more than a year before it can be consumed. It is an indispensable wine for the Chung Yeung Festival in Chongyang liquor, because it has a long storage time, purple red color, and mellow taste. When drinking, open the jar, fill it with boiling water, insert a thin bamboo tube, and suck in turn.

In general, add water halfway through the drink until the taste is hand-friendly.

Typical food: The Qiang people pay special attention to medicinal diet. Typical medicinal diets are:

sliced lamb broth; Yanghuitou soup; Simmer the pork and eucommia 1-2 times. All three can tonify the kidneys. Astragalus or astragalus stewed chicken, you can also add some stewed meat to nourish blood and qi.

Stewed duck meat with cordyceps sinensis, nourishing yin and nourishing lungs and kidneys.

The Qiang people are a very ancient ethnic group in western China, and the Qiang people still officially designated by China are mainly concentrated in Sichuan and other places, with a population of about 300,000 people. Each ethnic group has its own folk culture, so the Qiang people also have their own customs and habits. So, let's take stock of the customs and habits of the Qiang people!

Most of the Qiang people today still wear traditional national costumes.

The costumes of the Qiang people are simple, beautiful and distinctive. In ancient times, the Qiang people mostly wore leather and wool clothing. Since the development of the textile industry since the Ming Dynasty, more linen clothes have replaced leather and wool clothes.

Since the liberation, the fabrics of Kuanweijian's clothing have become more diversified. Men like to wear blue headscarves, and some also like to wear fox fur hats in winter, and wear long shirts made of linen, cotton, silk and wool fabrics, and some long shirts are decorated with lace. The jacket is a sleeveless sheepskin or wool or cotton leather coat, which can protect against cold, rain, cushion sitting, and is suitable for labor.

Men's feet are wrapped in leggings made of wool or linen or cotton, some of which are decorated with patterns, which can keep warm, filter water, and protect their legs, and they wear leather shoes, cloud shoes, embroidered ear shoes and glue, cloth, grass and other shoes. Belts of wool, linen, and cotton, and swords, sickles, and skins, embroidered silk, and cotton wraps were tied to hold money, bullets, gunpowder, and cigarettes.

Women's costumes are bright and colorful. Headwear is divided into three categories depending on the region. The vast majority of the first class is covered with blue headscarves, embroidered with patterns, and then covered with embroidered headscarves, which are bright and colorful.

Women in the Black Tiger area wear white headscarves to commemorate the legendary hero Gru Congbo as filial piety. The northwest includes Chibusu, Lixian and other places, and women have tiled embroidered black bandanas on their heads. Qiang women all wear embroidered gowns, black wool belts or red cotton belts, embroidered waistbands, and embroidered streamers at the back.

He likes to wear gold and silver jewelry such as silver medals, collar flowers, earrings, earrings, bracelets, rings, and oval necklaces called "Sewu". Every festival is a happy event, the Qiang girl is dressed up gorgeously, graceful and luxurious.

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1. Clothing. Both men and women wore cotton or brocade (in the past, homemade homespun cloth or linen) long gowns, with a loose right side that resembled a cheongsam.

Men's shirts are over the knees, and women's shirts are up to the instep. The color varies depending on the age, the middle-aged and elderly people are mostly a single blue and black, and the young girl who pretends to be a cave girl likes bright colors. The collar, cuffs and placket are decorated with flowers, and the diagonal placket is inlaid with patterns from one to three fingers wide, and some are inlaid with plum-shaped silver ornaments, all of which are handmade.

2. Diet. The Qiang people have a rich diet. The staple food is corn, artichoke, wheat, barley, supplemented by buckwheat, oil wheat and various legumes, and the vegetables are varied. The traditional diet includes churning dough, corn steaming, "gold wrapped in silver" or "poor dry silver wrapped in gold", artichoke glutinous baa, boiled artichoke, and pork fat.

3. Travel. The Qiang people erected the bamboo rope bridge, the zipline of the "suspension canal cable" and the wooden bridge with wisdom, and dug the plank road. The rope bridge is called "笮" in ancient times, it is to tie the bamboo rope to the solid object on both sides of the river valley, no iron nails, no bridge piers, just use a number of bamboo cables, side by side across the river, lay wooden planks, in order to pass people and animals.

4. Dance. The Qiang dance style is simple and elegant, rough and beautiful. It is mainly divided into four categories: self-entertainment dance, sacrificial dance, ceremonial dance, and assembly dance, and the basic movements are relatively consistent and have their own characteristics.

The most representative types of self-entertaining dances are "Sharon" and "Xi Bu Kee", which are closely related to festivals and festive activities.

5. Marriage. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the marriage of Qiang men and women followed the "order of the parents and the words of the matchmaker", and there were marriage forms such as "finger marriage", "embracing marriage", "child marriage" and "buying and selling marriage". Marriage pays attention to the right family, and there are customs of changing houses, entering the house, and robbing marriages.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, independent marriages gradually became the majority. But the traditional liturgical procedures have been preserved to this day.

With the development of the Qiangzhai economy, people's lives have been improved, and new content has been added to the marriage ceremony in the past. The combination of tradition and modernity gives full play to the traditional cultural lack hall of the Qiang nationality and adds to the festive atmosphere.