What are the key points of management of greenhouse vegetables in winter?

1.Measures to prevent ammonia hazards. First of all, it is necessary to fertilize with ammonia, and the use of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer must be fully decomposed; Chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers can only be applied deeply, not on the ground; Fertilization should not be excessive.

2.Control humidity reasonably. It is necessary to control the number of watering times and reduce the humidity of the shed, but also to ensure that the water can meet the needs of crop growth and development.

3.Increase the floor temperature of the shed. When cultivating vegetables in a greenhouse in winter, it is best to choose a transparent mulch, which can not only increase the ground temperature, but also have the effect of weeding, and at the same time do a good job in the management of vegetable plant pruning and pruning, and adjust the field structure.

Pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer, in the area where the greenhouse vegetable planting area is developing rapidly, the new vegetable field should pay more attention to the application of organic fertilizer. Only after mixing a large amount of organic fertilizer into the soil to improve the soil properties of the root layer, have a good structure and have buffering properties, can it be conducive to the extension of vegetable roots, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, reduce the nutrient loss caused by frequent irrigation and improve the fertilizer utilization rate. The application of a large number of mixed organic fertilizers can not only provide vegetables with nutrients in a comprehensive and stable manner, but also improve the soil, and the effect will be more obvious.

Choose high-quality films with good thermal insulation performance, such as new agricultural multi-functional films, to increase solar radiation, so that the temperature increases quickly during the day and cools slowly at night. 4-5 days before planting, cover the greenhouse film and increase the soil temperature in the greenhouse. Before the cold winter comes, hang a layer of film, shade net on both sides of the shed or cover the shed in the greenhouse.

Implement mulching. Increase the application of organic fertilizer. Watering at the right time and in the right amount, do not water at night, rainy days, and before the cold wave, and watering should be ventilated in the morning and noon on a sunny day to discharge water vapor.

Ventilation, without affecting the temperature conditions in the shed, should be ventilated early and frequently. Ventilation is required not only on sunny days, but also on rainy days for short periods of time. Ventilate after each watering.

Control the temperature.

First of all, the greenhouse temperature should be adjusted to the suitable growth range of vegetables, you can hang a thermometer at the top of the vegetables, the general ground temperature can be 3-7 degrees lower than the growth point, if the temperature of the growth point is 34 degrees, then as the appropriate temperature is between 27-30 degrees, this temperature range is the most suitable temperature for photosynthesis. When cultivating in the shed, it is necessary to cover the mulch film to ensure that the soil water supply is sufficient, and the transpiration of vegetables reduces the leaf temperature, so that the leaf temperature is about 3-5 degrees lower than the air temperature. If the ground temperature of the greenhouse is low, it is not only not conducive to the growth and development of the root system, but also affects the absorption of the root system and causes a variety of diseases.

Generally, the ground temperature of about 5 cm of soil layer during the day can be 5-7 degrees lower than the temperature of the shed, and 35-degree higher than the temperature at night.

In the autumn and winter of greenhouse vegetables, vegetable farmers will use thermal insulation cloth to cover two or three layers of thermal insulation cloth on the greenhouse, and in the colder time, they will point thermal insulation blocks in the greenhouse. If the budget is not enough, light it with a candle to warm him up so that the dish does not get frostbitten.

In winter, in order to reduce heat loss and raise air and soil temperatures, the greenhouse film should be covered as tightly as possible. Wind shields can be set around the greenhouse, and multi-layer covering measures such as middle sheds, small sheds, and plastic films can be set up in the greenhouse. Heating measures such as electric heating and coal furnace heating can also be used to increase the temperature.

Try to cover the canopy film tightly.

In order to reduce heat loss and increase air temperature and soil temperature in winter, the greenhouse film should be covered as tightly as possible. Wind barriers can be set around the greenhouse, and multi-layer coverage measures such as middle shed, small shed, and plastic film can be set in the greenhouse. Heating measures can also be used to increase the temperature, such as electric heating, coal furnace heating, etc.

Before planting: organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, to increase the content of organic matter in the soil, make the soil more fertile, and lay a good foundation for the later growth of vegetables.

After planting: After the vegetable is planted, the biological bacteria with their own nutrients are flushed and fertilized to promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, increase soil permeability, supplement beneficial bacteria, inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and at the same time take root and strengthen the roots, maintain the root system, reduce the situation of rotten roots and dead trees of vegetables, and the roots are strong and grow well, which is more conducive to the improvement of yield in the later stage.

Reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, too much chemical fertilizer affects the growth of the root system, control the temperature of the greenhouse, and avoid burning the roots at too high temperature; It is recommended to ridge cultivation and avoid furrow planting or furrow planting; When watering, avoid flood irrigation and avoid stagnant water; Frequent hoeing increases soil permeability and is more conducive to the growth of vegetables.

The management of greenhouse vegetables in autumn is very important, which is the basis of the entire growth period, and the water, temperature, and fertilization should be paid attention to.

In summer, in fact, the main thing is to avoid overheating, to open the greenhouse in time to avoid stuffy sheds. In addition, it is necessary to water in time and prevent pests and diseases, and there are many mosquitoes in summer, which needs to be paid attention to.

It is necessary to pay attention to watering, fertilization, light and carbon dioxide content, and control the temperature in the greenhouse.

It is necessary to pay attention to the way of control, but also to pay attention to temperature management, to pay attention to moisture management, to pay attention to air management, but also to pay attention to ventilation, but also to pay attention to sun exposure.

For winter vegetable greenhouse planting, in order to alleviate the lack of sunlight in winter and bring an impact on vegetables, greenhouse vegetable farmers should master the use of the sun every day of sunshine time, open the shed cover, and let the vegetables absorb the sunlight to the maximum.

<> can get more light; The vegetable field ridges, between the ridges is a ditch, the ridge is generally about 15-20cm higher than the ditch, so that the sun is out in winter, of course, the ridge is more sunny, what we can do is to ridge, sow seedlings on the ridge, plant vegetables. In winter, the daytime, the weather is shorter, the sun light time is shorter, but the night is colder, it is necessary to keep the temperature of the greenhouse can not be too low, now the best way is to build a furnace in the greenhouse to increase the temperature and then install some heating bulbs to improve the illumination of the greenhouse.

In the morning, the sun shines on the surface of the shed to clear the snow and remove the felt, the temperature drops in the afternoon to cover the felt, the back wall hangs a reflective curtain, and the electric lighting is added to basically solve the problem of weak light. In the case of sufficient base fertilizer and good bottom moisture, try to water less and do not top dressing in autumn and winter, so as to help maintain ground temperature and air temperature, reduce air humidity, do not root and do not hurt roots, and promote the normal physiological growth of vegetables. The tuyere cannot be opened on rainy days to prevent rainwater from dripping into the shed and increasing the humidity in the shed again.

In terms of temperature, it is necessary to put the quilt early in the evening and put away the quilt in the early morning of the next day.

Usually the east-west direction of the solar greenhouse, the crop planting in the south is more dense, and the north is more sparse; The furrow surface should be low in the south and high in the north; When the plant grows in the middle and late stages, there are more leaves, and the lower old and weak and diseased leaves should be removed in time, which is conducive to soil lighting and better growth of crops. If you let the wind for a long time, you can reduce the humidity in the shed. It is also possible to lay a mulch film and take watering under the film to prevent a large amount of water from evaporating.

It is also possible to lay rice husks or broken straw between the rows, which can not only maintain the ground temperature, but also absorb the moisture in the shed.

Control the temperature of the shed, because the temperature difference between day and night is large in winter, and the greenhouse should be warmed up at night but not too fast. Fertilize the root system scientifically, ventilate properly during the day, and don't get too close to the plants.

In winter, when the temperature is relatively low, we can put air conditioning in the greenhouse, so that we can better grow vegetables, and we can also better increase the yield of vegetables.

The temperature of the greenhouse should be increased, and the nutrients of the greenhouse should be increased, so that the material will be particularly healthy, and some wilted branches and leaves should be pruned.

Water and fertilizer management: greenhouse vegetables in the early stage of watering on the basis of general mastery of not drought and watering, watering to see the sky, look at the seedlings, and pay attention to listen to the weather forecast, so that there are 3-5 days of sunny weather after watering, and timely release of wind and moisture. Top dressing should be based on the crop appearance and the length of the growth period in accordance with the requirements of balanced fertilization, and trace element fertilizers should be sprayed in a targeted manner.

<>At present, there are vegetable greenhouses all over the country, which are mainly concentrated in the Bohai Rim and Huanghuaihai regions, accounting for about 60% of the country; followed by the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the northwest region, accounting for % respectively. Growing vegetables in greenhouses allows people to eat vegetables of different seasons at any time, and now vegetable greenhouses are distributed all over the country.

First, there are many vegetable greenhouses

1. Vegetable greenhouse is a frame laminated structure with excellent thermal insulation performance, which can allow people to eat vegetables in different seasons at any time, and at present, it is distributed all over the country.

2. In China, vegetable greenhouses are mainly concentrated in the Bohai Rim and Huanghuaihai regions, accounting for about 60% of the country; followed by the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the northwest region, accounting for % respectively. It is mainly distributed in Shandong, Liaoning, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanghai and other regions.

3. At present, there are five largest vegetable bases in China: Guangdong Zhanjiang South Vegetable North Transportation Production Base, Yunnan Yuanmou and other places out of season vegetable production base, Bohai Rim Shandong and Northern Jiangsu North Road Vegetable Production Base, Northwest Hexi Corridor West Vegetable Eastward Transportation Production Base, Zhangbei Chinese Cabbage Production Base.

4. China's largest greenhouse vegetable planting base and vegetable wholesale market is Shouguang City, Shandong Province, and is also one of the four major vegetable bases in the world, with a total planting area of 600,000 acres.

Second, the planting and management of greenhouse vegetables

1. Build a greenhouse.

It is better to build a greenhouse in a north-south direction, and try to avoid building a greenhouse obliquely. The greenhouse is 4-6 meters wide, 30-50 meters long and high. When building a greenhouse group, the distance between the sheds is in meters, and the distance between the sheds is 4-5 meters.

If it is a bamboo and wood greenhouse, the cost per mu is about 3,000 yuan, and if the steel pipe is the building material, the cost per mu is about 20,000 yuan, but the use time is relatively long.

2. Seed selection.

Seed varieties with high yield and strong resistance to stress and disease were selected for planting.

3. Planting time.

When planting vegetables in greenhouses, if it is a crop once a year, the planting period is generally in early or mid-October; If it is a crop with two crops a year, the first crop is planted in early to mid-July, and the second crop is planted from December to January of the following year.

4. Planting management.

1) When planting in greenhouses, it is necessary to control the planting density, which should not be too large (not conducive to crop growth) or too small (reduced economic benefits).

2) When sowing, apply plantar fertilizer; Top dressing should be carried out reasonably during the vigorous growth period and the flowering and fruiting period to ensure the maximum yield of vegetables.

3) Do a good job in pest control and reduce the losses caused by pests and diseases.

4) Ensure that the carbon dioxide in the greenhouse is sufficient but not excessive, and enhance the photosynthesis of vegetables.

With the advent of winter, in order to ensure the planting temperature requirements of vegetables and other crops, it is particularly important to increase the temperature of the greenhouse, because the quality of the heating and cold-proof effect in the greenhouse is directly related to the output of greenhouse plants. Finned tube radiator is the heating equipment chosen by many greenhouse users.

Finned tube radiator.

In the actual use of the finned tube radiator, the heating temperature will change at any time according to the temperature of the heat source, the surface area of the radiator, the effective temperature of the room and other factors, and the animals in the farm are extremely sensitive to temperature, especially in the cold winter in the north, the temperature plays an important role in the growth of animals. <>

Finned tube radiator.

Breeding special finned tube radiator for breeding users is very fond of a heating equipment, the farm is usually speaking, its area is relatively large, and each room is separated, breeding special finned tube radiator can not only meet the temperature needs of large places, but also can be a separate indoor open radiator. <>

Finned tube radiator.

The flow of the farm is larger, and not every room needs to be heated, so the radiator must be equipped with a switch valve in each room, and the finned tube radiator for breeding has this function. The finned tube radiator for breeding can be heated separately in a separate room, or it can be heated in a large area.

The latitude and longitude, sunshine and climate of each place are different, so the greenhouse should be adapted to local conditions, it is recommended that you find a facility related to agriculture, and really make a design plan for your local area, and the heating problem should be solved.

In spring, the temperature rises rapidly, but it is easy to experience a "reverse cold" phenomenon, which causes the temperature to drop sharply. The frequent alternation of cold and hot is not conducive to the growth and development of vegetables in the shed, especially the vegetables that have just been transplanted. So, what do we do?

A variety of measures to increase the temperature in the shed. When the cold wave comes, reduce the amount of tuyere opening, shorten the tuyere opening time, and put down the quilt of the solar greenhouse in advance. A windproof curtain should be set up at the entrance of the plastic greenhouse in advance.

One method is to build a small arch shed in the shed as a secondary insulation.

Prepare burner blocks or bath bully lamps for emergency use in the event of extreme low temperatures. It is to water properly before low temperature to improve low temperature resistance. Scientific management has contributed to slow growth.

After a cloudy day, the weather is fine, and the quilt should be put down to shade. If the seedlings wilt, reduce ventilation and apply appropriate rooting agents. Dead seedlings are repaired in time.

If there is a dead seedling, it is necessary to replace and store it in time to prevent serious production reduction due to late density. First of all, thank you for having me. You asked the question of alternating hot and cold and how to manage vegetables.

I am not an expert or scholar, it is a common greenhouse vegetable, the problem is easy to understand, my home is in the Northeast, now the temperature in the Northeast is relatively high, more than minus 17 degrees during the day, and above minus a few degrees at night, and the shed is now covered with thermal insulation quilts have not been removed, suddenly a few degrees below zero during the day, more than a dozen times at night, just put down the quilt. The vegetables in the shed will not be affected.

I don't know what the situation is in other areas. In the case of sudden alternation of sunny days, hot weather, high temperature and cold wave weather, the greenhouse should be ventilated in time, the greenhouse should be closed in time, and the temperature in the shed should be kept changing slowly to prevent violent fluctuations in overheating and overcooling; In the case of sunny days after long-term rain, ventilation and light transmission should be slowed down to prevent violent fluctuations in temperature, light intensity and humidity. Things and animals, are difficult to adapt to the drastic climate fluctuations, as long as attention is paid to adjust the temperature shelter to search the indoor environment, so that it can try to meet the growth characteristics of vegetables, I believe that successful cultivation, is the so-called:

Man does not deceive the field, and the field does not deceive man.