What are the skills for planting greenhouse vegetables in winter?

Reduce the external shading of the greenhouse to increase the area that receives sunlight. Choose a good greenhouse film on the outside of the greenhouse, the kind with good light penetration, and pick off some old wilted leaves.

1.Pay attention to the application of CO gas fertilizer; 2.Pay attention to the fertilizing properties of vegetables; 3.

Note that phosphate fertilizer and zinc fertilizer should not be mixed; 4.Pay attention to the jaw effect between potassium and magnesium; 5.Pay attention to the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer; 6.

Note that chlorine-containing fertilizers should not be applied.

Strengthen ventilation and reduce the temperature of the shed. When vegetable farmers plant summer vegetables, in order to avoid high temperature obstacles in the greenhouse, they should pay attention to opening all the upper and lower air outlets of the greenhouse, so that the cold air outside the shed enters the shed, and the hot air in the shed forms a convection flow to accelerate the discharge of hot air, which is conducive to the reduction of the temperature in the shed. Vegetable farmers should be reminded that when the air is released, a windshield film should be set under the air outlet to prevent the cold wind from blowing directly on the fruit surface of the vegetable, resulting in peeling and cracks in the fruit.

It is necessary to pay attention to the temperature, to pay attention to moderation, to do a good job of ventilation, to choose a relatively high quality plastic sheet, and to pay attention to the survival rate of seeds in the planting process.

For winter vegetable greenhouse planting, in order to alleviate the lack of sunlight in winter and bring an impact on vegetables, greenhouse vegetable farmers should master the use of the sun every day of sunshine time, open the shed cover, and let the vegetables absorb the sunlight to the maximum.

<> can get more light; The vegetable field ridges, between the ridges is a ditch, the ridge is generally about 15-20cm higher than the ditch, so that the sun is out in winter, of course, the ridge is more sunny, what we can do is to ridge, sow seedlings on the ridge, plant vegetables. In winter, the daytime, the weather is shorter, the sun light time is shorter, but the night is colder, it is necessary to keep the temperature of the greenhouse can not be too low, now the best way is to build a furnace in the greenhouse to increase the temperature and then install some heating bulbs to improve the illumination of the greenhouse.

In the morning, the sun shines on the surface of the shed to clear the snow and remove the felt, the temperature drops in the afternoon to cover the felt, the back wall hangs a reflective curtain, and the electric lighting is added to basically solve the problem of weak light. In the case of sufficient base fertilizer and good bottom moisture, try to water less and do not top dressing in autumn and winter, so as to help maintain ground temperature and air temperature, reduce air humidity, do not root and do not hurt roots, and promote the normal physiological growth of vegetables. The tuyere cannot be opened on rainy days to prevent rainwater from dripping into the shed and increasing the humidity in the shed again.

In terms of temperature, it is necessary to put the quilt early in the evening and put away the quilt in the early morning of the next day.

Usually the east-west direction of the solar greenhouse, the crop planting in the south is more dense, and the north is more sparse; The furrow surface should be low in the south and high in the north; When the plant grows in the middle and late stages, there are more leaves, and the lower old and weak and diseased leaves should be removed in time, which is conducive to soil lighting and better growth of crops. If you let the wind for a long time, you can reduce the humidity in the shed. It is also possible to lay a mulch film and take watering under the film to prevent a large amount of water from evaporating.

It is also possible to lay rice husks or broken straw between the rows, which can not only maintain the ground temperature, but also absorb the moisture in the shed.

Control the temperature of the shed, because the temperature difference between day and night is large in winter, and the greenhouse should be warmed up at night but not too fast. Fertilize the root system scientifically, ventilate properly during the day, and don't get too close to the plants.

In winter, when the temperature is relatively low, we can put air conditioning in the greenhouse, so that we can better grow vegetables, and we can also better increase the yield of vegetables.

The temperature of the greenhouse should be increased, and the nutrients of the greenhouse should be increased, so that the material will be particularly healthy, and some wilted branches and leaves should be pruned.

Water and fertilizer management: greenhouse vegetables in the early stage of watering on the basis of general mastery of not drought and watering, watering to see the sky, look at the seedlings, and pay attention to listen to the weather forecast, so that there are 3-5 days of sunny weather after watering, and timely release of wind and moisture. Top dressing should be based on the crop appearance and the length of the growth period in accordance with the requirements of balanced fertilization, and trace element fertilizers should be sprayed in a targeted manner.

1.Strengthen the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases.

Vegetables are prone to bacterial diseases after being disturbed by high temperatures, and it is recommended to spray fungicides such as quinoline copper and thiazole zinc to control bacteria.

2.Improved high temperature resistance.

Improve the tolerance of greenhouse vegetables to high temperatures and bright light. Spray chitin, amino acids, fulvic acid foliar fertilizer, etc. Foliar spraying 1500 times can form a protective film on the leaf surface and improve the high temperature resistance of the leaf.

To sum up, there are some precautions to prevent high temperature barriers for greenhouse vegetables. At this time, it is susceptible to the influence of high temperatures, and diseases such as sunburn, poor differentiation of flower buds, and fruit deformity occur. Therefore, everyone should study more and take precautions in advance.

Priority is given to cooling and shading to avoid severe sunburn of plants under high temperature and strong light. When the temperature is high during the day (although a shade net is installed), the air outlets in the upper and front parts of the greenhouse should be fully open to strengthen the exhaust air to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse. Do not pat the leaves too hard when pruning the plant.

The upper part of the fruit should have leaves that act as a "parasol". Two functional leaves should be left in the lower part of the fruit to ensure the smooth expansion and discoloration of the fruit. In summer, nightshade vegetables should be left with leaves, so that the fruits are hidden under the leaves as much as possible and avoid direct sunlight.

In addition, when planting vegetables in summer, the plant spacing can be appropriately close to each other, so that the stems and leaves cover each other and avoid direct sunlight on the fruits. Sunburn is most likely to occur in sunny weather after rain. Therefore, on a sudden sunny day after rain, it is necessary to cover the shade net or spray a cooling agent in time to prevent sunburn.

Chemical irrigation to prevent and control diseases. Due to the hot weather and the rapid evaporation of water, vegetable farmers often irrigate and fertilize frequently, which is easy to cause root damage.

Leave an opportunity for pathogenic bacteria to infect, resulting in root rot, wilt and other root diseases. When the temperature in the shed is too high and the soil evaporation is large, we must pay attention to timely watering to ensure that the vegetables have sufficient moisture**. At the same time, water-soluble fertilizers can be sprayed appropriately to enhance the resistance of fruits and reduce the occurrence of sunburn.

It is recommended that vegetable farmers pay attention to root cultivation, rinse microbial agents, and rinse or irrigate their roots with fungicides, methamethoxine, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid every once in a while to prevent the occurrence of root diseases.

Be sure to pay attention to the temperature, pay attention to the humidity, pay attention to the carbon dioxide content, pay attention to the condition of the soil, and fertilize and water reasonably.

It is necessary to properly ventilate, to properly reduce the temperature in the greenhouse, and to remove the problematic plants in time. It is necessary to prevent pests and diseases, and to avoid excessive temperature in the greenhouse.

Pay attention to temperature control, water regularly, pay attention to the skills of top dressing, prevent pests and diseases, be sure to spray pesticides regularly, and pay attention to management skills in this regard.

Be sure to shade the sun in time, do a good job of ventilation, and ensure that the temperature in the shed is constant, but don't let the temperature be too high, and also water in time.

In summer, in fact, the main thing is to avoid overheating, to open the greenhouse in time to avoid stuffy sheds. In addition, it is necessary to water in time and prevent pests and diseases, and there are many mosquitoes in summer, which needs to be paid attention to.

It is necessary to pay attention to watering, fertilization, light and carbon dioxide content, and control the temperature in the greenhouse.

It is necessary to pay attention to the way of control, but also to pay attention to temperature management, to pay attention to moisture management, to pay attention to air management, but also to pay attention to ventilation, but also to pay attention to sun exposure.

Construction of sunken vegetable greenhouses.

When building a vegetable greenhouse. The ground inside the vegetable greenhouse sinks down more than half a meter, down to below the permafrost layer, and the soil temperature for the growth of ground crops will be higher than that of the ground sinking of the relatively horizontal ground, and at the same time, due to the ground sinking in the vegetable greenhouse, the internal space of the greenhouse is increased, which is conducive to heat preservation. Now, this structure is widely used in Shouguang, Shandong, the birthplace of winter warming solar greenhouses in China.

Choose vegetable greenhouse film with good light transmittance.

The most widely used in production is polyvinyl chloride long-life non-drip film, which has good light transmission and thermal insulation performance. At the same time, the surface of the film is cleaned weekly to maintain good light transmission.

Straw bioreactor for warming.

According to the size of the cultivation furrow, dig a ditch with a width of 60-70cm and a depth of 25-30cm, fill the straw, and place a special microbial agent of 8kg 667m2, cover the straw with soil about 20cm, and irrigate until the straw can be watered thoroughly. Straw can be gradually decomposed under the action of microorganisms, and release heat and carbon dioxide, this measure can increase the soil temperature of the root layer about 2, can also improve the soil physical structure and ecological environment and enhance the stress resistance of plants, is the best temperature and quality and efficiency improvement measures for vegetable production in winter solar greenhouse.

Use reflective curtains to warm up and fill the light.

Hang the reflective curtain on the north side of the greenhouse cultivation furrow or against the back wall, so that it is appropriate to keep it at an angle of 75-85 ° with the ground, which can increase the light by about 5000 lux, which can not only increase the ground temperature by 1-3, but also increase the room temperature by about 3.

Artificial light is supplemented by light sources.

Artificial supplemental light, the lamp source should be fluorescent lamp, high-pressure mercury lamp, arc xenon lamp as well, 40 watt fluorescent lamp 3 together, 45 cm away from the seedlings, the light intensity is 3000lx-3500lx, 100 watts of high-pressure mercury lamp 80 cm away from the seedlings, the light intensity is 800lx-1000lx; The light filling time should be carried out after sunrise, generally mastered in 2-3 hours a day, the light intensity in the shed increases and stops, and the rain, snow and fog weather can be filled with light throughout the day.

Dig a cold-proof ditch for insulation.

At 100cm at the back wall of the greenhouse, 10cm in front of the shed dig a cold-proof ditch with a width of 40cm and a depth of 50-80cm, fill the ditch with weeds, sawdust and other substances, and cover it with plastic film to insulate the heat dissipation of the indoor soil to the outdoor frozen layer, so as to achieve the purpose of heat preservation.

Other technical measures, the selection of low temperature resistance, low light, stress resistance, strong growth potential of vegetable varieties, increase the application of organic fertilizer, reasonable watering, timely removal of aging and dead leaves, plastic film covering, covering thickened grass or quilt, scientific uncovering of grass or quilt, timely cleaning of snow and pollutants on the film are very important temperature and heat preservation and light supplement technical measures for the production of vegetables in winter solar greenhouse.

In addition to the temperature, you also need to pay attention to the following: watering, rainy weather, light conditions, etc.

Key points of vegetable management for greenhouse planting in winter:

1. Strengthen heat preservation, cold and freeze protection.

The climate is cold and the temperature is low in winter, so it is the key to the management of greenhouse vegetables in winter to do a good job of cold protection and heat preservation to protect vegetables from low temperatures. In production, multiple mulching cultivation technology is usually adopted, that is, the ground is covered with plastic film to increase the heat capacity of the soil; Cover the straw curtain on the shed film, and add a layer of plastic film on the straw curtain to prevent rain and snow from wetting the straw curtain and effectively increase the temperature in the shed. Through such multiple coverage, the temperature in the greenhouse can be increased by 3 to 5, which has a good cold insulation effect.

In case of strong cooling weather, temporary warming measures should be taken (one thing should be noted when heating, that is, the temperature control should be based on the principle that the plant is not frozen, and the temperature should not rise too high, especially the night temperature should be properly controlled).

2. Water lightly with small water and dark irrigation under the film.

In winter, not only the temperature is low, but the ground temperature is also low, such as excessive watering, one is to cause the ground temperature to drop, and the other is to cause poor soil aeration, which directly affects the activity and absorption function of the root system. The use of small water under the film can not only meet the needs of vegetables for water, but also will not excessively reduce the ground temperature and affect the aeration of the soil, so it can effectively solve the contradiction between soil water, air and heat, which is conducive to the growth of vegetables. If possible, drip irrigation is better.

3. Management of cloudy weather.

In the event of continuous cloudy, rainy and snowy weather, the following points should be paid attention to in management: First, remember not to cover the straw curtain or thermal insulation quilt for consecutive days, so that the vegetables are in a dark environment. Second, do not water in cloudy weather.

Third, it is not allowed to spray water pesticides when it is even cloudy. When it is continuously cloudy, due to the lack of light, there is no effective heat supplement in the shed, so simple heat preservation measures not only do not have the effect of increasing temperature, but also cause yellowing of vegetables in the dark environment for days. The correct approach is to open the grass curtain every day even if there is continuous cloudy, rainy and snowy weather, so that the vegetables are irradiated by scattered light to maintain the normal activity of chlorophyll.

Generally, vegetables can be exposed to scattered light for 4 to 6 hours around noon.

4. Improve the lighting conditions in the shed.

In winter, the natural light itself is weak, and the light in the greenhouse is often in a state of deficiency. Improving the light in the shed in a variety of ways is an important technical measure for winter management. A reflective curtain (i.e., an aluminized plastic film) should be hung on the north wall of the greenhouse, the length of which is the same length as the greenhouse, and the height of the hanging should be 20 cm to 30 cm above the ground.

At the same time, it is necessary to remove the dust and snow on the surface of the shed film at any time, keep the shed film clean and transparent, and improve the light transmittance of the shed film. In addition, under the premise of not affecting the temperature, the straw curtain should be removed as early as possible and covered at night to prolong the light time of vegetables.

Growing vegetables in greenhouses in winter requires attention to temperature and sunlight.

Plastic greenhouses in the northern region: mainly play the role of early spring, autumn after the insulation of cultivation, spring can be 30 50 days earlier, autumn can be delayed 20 25 days, can not be overwintered. In the southern region:

In addition to being used for the insulation of vegetables and flowers and overwintering cultivation (leafy vegetables) in winter and spring, it can also be replaced with an awning for shade and cooling in summer and autumn, as well as for rain, wind, hail, etc.

Plastic greenhouses generally do not heat indoors, and rely on the greenhouse effect to accumulate heat. Its minimum temperature is generally 1 2 times higher than the outdoor temperature, and the average temperature is 3 10 or more warmer.