Briefly describe the influence of climate and organisms on soil formation

Different organisms, plant roots have different degrees of influence on soil weathering, and the composition of litter is also different, which will have a greater impact on soil formation.

Different climates, temperatures and rainfall have a direct impact on soil formation. At the same time, climate also affects the distribution of organisms, indirectly affecting soil formation.

1. Zonal soil: Zonal soil, also known as dominant soil, refers to those soils that are strongly affected by climatic and biological factors. Most of the zonal soils are developed by different degrees of ashing, iron-aluminization and calcification, and the profiles are well developed, and the soil distribution is consistent with the corresponding bioclimatic zones.

2. Hidden zonal soil; Hidden zonal soil, also known as hidden soil, is a soil developed and formed by local conditions such as special lithology, poor drainage or salinization.

3. Non-zonal soil: Non-zonal soil, also known as pan-regional soil, refers to those immature soils with extremely weak soil development, no obvious profile differentiation, and soil characteristics are mainly affected by the parent material.

4. Soil degradation: Soil degradation generally refers to the destruction of soil ecological balance under the long-term action of human economic activities and various natural factors, resulting in poor soil quality, reduced land productivity, and land bearing.

The process by which the force becomes weaker.

Parent material, climate, biology, topography, and time are the five key soil-forming factors for soil formation.

The parent material is the initial inorganic nutrients that form the material basis of the soil.

The climate leads to the weathering and synthesis of minerals, the formation and accumulation of organic matter, the migration, decomposition and synthesis of substances in the soil.

Organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms, are the most active factors that promote the occurrence and development of soils. Topography can redistribute matter on the surface, causing differences between the soil and the parent material in terms of acceptance of light, heat, water, etc.

Time is the historical dynamic process of soil formation and development, and the effects of parent material, climate, biology and topography on the process of soil formation and development are strengthened with time.

The production process of soil shows that things always exist as processes, time is the form of existence of material movement, and the production of things is the result of the interaction of multiple factors.

Soil refers to a layer of loose material on the earth's surface, composed of various granular minerals, organic matter, water, air, microorganisms, etc., which can grow plants.

Soil is composed of minerals weathered from rocks, organic matter produced by the decomposition of animals and plants, microbial residues, soil organisms (solid substances), water (liquid tomato phase substances), air (gas phase substances), and oxidized humus.

Solid matter includes soil minerals, organic matter and nutrients obtained by microorganisms through light sterilization. Liquid matter mainly refers to soil moisture. Gases are the air present in the pores of the soil.

These three types of substances in the soil constitute a contradictory unity. They are interconnected, mutually restrictive, and provide the necessary living conditions for crops, which is the material basis of soil fertility.

Creature.

Organisms are the most active factors that promote the development of soils. Through the cycle of organisms, a large amount of solar energy can be incorporated into the soil-forming process, and a variety of nutrients scattered in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere can be gathered in the soil, so that the soil can be fertile and constantly renewed. Therefore, the process of soil formation is essentially the process of continuous modification of the parent material for organisms under certain conditions.

Without the action of living organisms, there can be no soil formation.

Expansion: 1. Soil is composed of five major substances: minerals, organic matter, water, air and organisms, among which the mineral content is the largest.

2. The relationship between soil fertility, high yield and high fertilizer. Soil fertility refers to the ability of the soil to simultaneously and continuously supply water, fertilizer, gas and heat needed to coordinate the normal growth and development of plants. High fertilizer is not necessarily high yield, and if you want to have high yield, you need to pay attention to the ecological relativity of soil fertility.

3. The main role of soil in plant growth:

1) The role of nutrient bank.

2) Nutrient transformation and circulation.

3) Rainwater conservation.

4) The supporting role of organisms.

5) The role of stabilizing and buffering environmental changes.

4. Soil: The loose surface layer of the earth's land surface that can produce the harvest of cryptobiotic plants is a natural body formed under the comprehensive action of the five factors of parent material, biology, climate, topography and time.

5. Soil productivity: the ability of the soil to produce one or a series of plants under a certain production management system. This capacity is measured in terms of plant biomass or harvest yield.

Is the most active part of the soil organism that has the greatest impact on soil properties? The most active part of the soil organism and the part of the microorganism that has the greatest impact on the soil properties.

1. Biological factors include the influence of plants, microorganisms and soil animals on the soil system, and biological factors are the most active factors to promote soil occurrence and development. Plants selectively absorb nutrients from the parent material, atmosphere, and water bodies, and through photosynthesis, produce organic matter, and soil microorganisms decompose organic matter to promote the release of nutrients. Animal carcasses also provide organic matter to the soil, and animals in the soil have special effects on the soil, such as turning and agitation.

2. Climatic factors are the main driving force for the development and change of soil system. It affects the geographical distribution of soil, which is zonal. Climatic factors, especially water and thermal conditions, directly or indirectly affect the activity of plants and microorganisms, affecting the accumulation and decomposition of soil organic matter.

3. Topographic factors generally only cause the redistribution of surface energy and matter, and do not cause new matter. It dominates surface runoff, resulting in non-zonal soils in zonal soil ranges.

4. The parent material factor is the material basis for soil formation. The soil parent material is the product of the weathering of rocks, and the soil is formed by the parent material through the process of soil formation. Different parent materials also have a certain effect on the secondary minerals in the soil.

5. Time factor - degree of development. Soil age is divided into absolute age and relative age. It is an intensity factor for soil development. The four major factors of biology, topography, climate and parent material deepened with the age of soil. Soils evolve over time.