What are the symptoms of enoki mushroom blackheads? What kind of medicine can be used to prevent it?

The internal cause of the disease is the non-resistance of the variety, and the external cause is high temperature, high humidity or spraying unclean water to bring the bacteria to the fruiting body, such as water droplets on the surface of the cap for a long time or excessive humidity is very conducive to the occurrence of the disease, and the mushroom house must be built into a north-south strip, which is conducive to ventilation. At the same time, pay attention to the environmental hygiene around the mushroom house, and do not build the exit near the compost house and the livestock house. Keep away from koji breweries, otherwise it is easy to get infected with miscellaneous bacteria.

<> overripe enoki mushrooms have poor disease resistance, they should be harvested once ripe. A bottle or a bag of mushrooms should be picked up once, leaving no small mushrooms, and remove the mushroom crumbs and residues in the bag, and then spray lime water appropriately in combination with hydration to improve the pH of the culture material, control the temperature of the mushroom room during the mushroom period of enoki mushroom below 15, avoid high temperature and high humidity season mushrooms, strengthen ventilation and heat dissipation at high temperatures, and the temperature of oyster mushrooms should not exceed 18, if the temperature rises suddenly, cooling measures should be taken, such as opening windows and removing films. Avoid the air humidity being too dry or too humid, otherwise it is easy to produce hair; In addition, it is easy to have high carbon dioxide concentration and insufficient oxygen during the young mushroom stage, so the oxygen content in the bag should be increased.

The mushroom room is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, the humidity is appropriately reduced, the circulation in the mushroom room is appropriately increased, and these measures are taken in a targeted manner when the black root disease of enoki mushroom arrives every year, which can effectively reduce the incidence of black root disease of enoki mushroom. Do not sprinkle water directly on the seed body when sprinkling water in the mushroom room to prevent water accumulation on the material surface. After sprinkling, it should be ventilated in time, the relative humidity of indoor air should not exceed 95% for a long time, and the surface of the fungus bag should be covered with plastic film until the water of the seed body evaporates.

Enoki mushroom can inhibit the increase of blood lipids, reduce cholesterol, and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; Edible enoki mushroom has anti-fatigue, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, and removes heavy metal salts. Regular consumption of enoki mushrooms can prevent liver disease and stomach and intestinal ulcers.

In the process of cultivation, fuelwood often encounters some common pests and diseases, including blight, aphids, foot moths, yellow armyworms, black armyworms, etc. The following is a brief introduction to the common pests and diseases of enoki mushrooms and their control methods. Disease control of enoki mushroom The disease of enoki mushroom mainly occurs in spring when there is a lot of rain, and both seedlings and adults are harmed.

Dark brown spots are produced in the affected area, and in severe cases, they die in patches. Method: Transplant with disease-free new soil, the fertilizer used must be rotten, and fresh farm fertilizer can be used if you are not in the right place. Remove diseased strains in a timely manner.

Before transplanting, disinfect 6 kg of water with 50 ml of 40% formaldehyde per square meter, or mix fine soil with 70% pentachlorophenol at a ratio of 130 and sprinkle it on the seedbed soil. One week after the spring seedlings were planted, spray 70% methyl tobuzine 1000 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution, spray once every 10 days, alternately. The main pests of flame wood are aphids, foot moths, yellow armyworms, black armyworms, tigers, beetles, etc.

Aphids can affect plant growth and induce coal stain disease; Foot moths and Spodoptera exigua cause damage to the larvae by eating leaves. In severe cases, they can eat all the shoots in 2 to 3 days. Ground tiger and beetle feed on the larvae of the root system, ground tiger mainly harms cuttings and seedlings, and large, medium and small seedlings of beetle are harmed.

To control aphids, spray 5% diesel emulsion or Pomeranian 3-5 degree stone sulfur mixture before germination to kill overwintering adults and eggs. The second medicine is sprayed after the flower, and the third medicine is sprayed in October in autumn. It can be sprayed with 50% methamidophos 1500 times liquid to control foot moth and beet armyworm larvae, which should be treated early and small.

Tiger and beetle larvae are underground pests, and the control method is to strengthen nursery management and not apply unripe organic fertilizer. Winter ploughing, the overwintering larvae are turned over and frozen to death. Use lifting or 3% carbofuran granules, according to the amount of 2 kg per mu, ditch and apply to the soil 10-20 cm deep.

Melanoma. This is a bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Pseudomonaspora. After the onset of the disease, the cap of enoki mushroom appears oval-shaped brown or dark brown spots, initially pinpoint-shaped, enlarged to 2 4 mm in diameter, with neat edges, and sometimes the cap is cracked.

Prevention and control methods: The most important thing is to control the appropriate temperature and humidity. When sprinkling water on the mushroom room, do not sprinkle water directly on the fruiting body of enoki mushrooms, especially not with cold water.

The humidity in the mushroom room should not be higher than 90% for a long time, depending on the weather changes, the sprinkling should be light, diligent and fine on sunny days, and less or no sprinkling on rainy days.

Bacterial infections are the result of . The melanospora is a Pseudospora infection and can be sprayed with white powder or fungicides to keep it ventilated.

Enoki mushroom black spot disease: Produces black-brown spots on the mushroom cap. Most of them do not affect the yield, but the ** decreases due to the blackening of the cap.

Spraying cold water directly on the cap is prone to this disease. Once enoki mushroom black spot disease occurs, the diseased fruiting body should be cleaned up in time to reduce secondary infection, and the mushroom room should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after the warehouse is cleared. Handle the environmental sanitation of the mushroom room and the surrounding area of the factory.

Melanoma is a bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas. To prevent black spot disease, it is necessary to control the appropriate temperature and humidity. Ventilation is strengthened.

Control the temperature and humidity. When sprinkling water on the mushroom room, do not sprinkle water directly on the fruiting body of enoki mushrooms, and it is forbidden to spray with cold water.

The humidity in the mushroom room should not exceed 90% for a long time, depending on the weather changes, the sprinkling should be light, diligent and fine on sunny days, and less or no sprinkling on rainy days.

Ventilation is strengthened after each sprinkling, and then mulched with mulch.

The indoor temperature should be adjusted to about 17 during the mushroom season.

After the onset of the disease, the diseased mushrooms should be removed in time, and sprayed with 100 200 IU of agricultural streptomycin or bleaching powder 600 times for control.

The scientific name of enoki mushroom is enoki mushroom, also known as small fire mushroom, mushroom, mushroom, mushroom, etc., and the English is: "enoki mushroom". The botanical name is Flammulina Velutiper (FR.).

sing。Because of its slender stalk, like enoki vegetables, it is called enoki mushroom, which belongs to the genus Ainoculus spp. of the white mushroom family of the Apiflora family, and is a kind of fungal lichen. Enoki mushroom has a high medicinal therapeutic effect.

The most important measure to prevent and control the disease is to control temperature and humidity. When sprinkling the mushroom room, do not sprinkle water on the fruiting body of enoki mushrooms, especially not with cold water. The humidity in the mushroom room should not be higher than 90% for a long time, depending on the weather changes, the sprinkling should be light, diligent and fine on sunny days, and less or no sprinkling on rainy days.

After each sprinkling, the ventilation is strengthened and then the mulch is covered. The indoor temperature is controlled at 17 during the mushroom emergence period.

After the onset of the disease, the diseased mushrooms should be removed in time, and the agricultural streptomycin sulfate or trichloroisocyanuric acid solution should be sprayed for prevention and control.

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