What are the most common causes of cerebral infarction? How cerebral infarction is formed

The most common cause of cerebral infarction is atherosclerosis, which leads to narrowing and blockage of cerebral blood vessels. Common causes of atherosclerosis include high blood pressure, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, etc. In addition, with the increase of age, arteriosclerosis and stenosis may also occur, leading to cerebral infarction.

In addition, heart diseases, such as atrial fibrillation, can also lead to cardiogenic cerebral infarction. Therefore, to prevent cerebral infarction, the most important thing is to control ** and risk factors.

A common symptom of cerebral infarction is arteriosclerosis.

1.Atherosclerosis: mainly occurs in arteries with a diameter of more than 500um, and its plaque leads to luminal stenosis or thrombosis, which can be seen in any part of the internal carotid artery and vertebrae-basilar artery system, and is more common at arterial bifurcations, such as the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the internal and external carotid arteries, the beginning of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, the vertebral artery at the beginning of the subclavian artery, the vertebral artery into the intracranial segment, the initial segment and bifurcation of the basilar artery. Cerebral atherosclerosis is often accompanied by hypertension, and the two are mutually causal, and diabetes and hyperlipidemia can also accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis.

2.Arteritis: such as connective tissue disease, bacterial, viral, spirochetal infection, etc., can lead to arterial inflammation and narrow and occlusion of the lumen.

3.Other less common causes: including drug-induced (eg, cocaine, amphetamines); Hematologic diseases (such as polycythemia, thrombocythemia, thromboembolic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, sickle cell anemia, hypercoagulability associated with incomplete release of plasminogen kin, etc.); hereditary hypercoagulable states (e.g., antithrombin deficiency, protein C deficiency, and protein S deficiency); antiphospholipid antibodies (e.g., anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulants); Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, moyamoya disease, myogenic fiber dysplasia, and internal and external (carotid and vertebral artery) dissection aneurysms, etc.

In addition, there are very few cases of unknown causes.

It belongs to ischemic cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction belongs to ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and it also belongs to the classic Chaisen stupid disease of neurology. Once cerebral infarction occurs, patients can quickly appear paralysis of limbs, can appear limb sensory impairment, and can also be accompanied by slurred speech, crooked corners of the mouth and other manifestations. Chunpei.

If it is a cerebral infarction of the posterior circulation, the patient may also have clinical manifestations such as dizziness, ataxia, double vision, and blurred vision. Once these manifestations appear, the patient must pay attention to it, go to the hospital as soon as possible, and improve the cranial CT examination in time. If the condition allows, patients can be given intravenous thrombolysis**.

1. Atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.

The clinical manifestations depend on the size and location of the infarct lesion, and are mainly symptoms and signs of focal neurological deficits, such as hemiplegia, hemisensory impairment, aphasia, ataxia, etc., and some may have headache, vomiting, coma and other whole brain symptoms. Patients are generally conscious, and in the event of basilar artery occlusion or massive cerebral infarction, the condition is severe, consciousness is impaired, and even brain herniation is formed, which eventually leads to death.

2. Cardiogenic embolic cerebral infarction.

Onset is rapid, most patients have a period of impaired consciousness, and when the intracranial large arteries or vertebrobasilar arteries embolize, cerebral edema leads to increased intracranial pressure, and patients become comatose for a short time, sometimes having seizures. The clinical manifestations are the same as those of large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction, depending on the embolized vessel and the site of the blockage, and focal neurologic deficits appear. In addition, patients may have cardiac disease,**, mucosal embolism, or other organ embolism.

3. Arteriolar occlusive cerebral infarction.

Most patients present with lacunar cerebral infarction, and the following four manifestations are common:

1) Pure motor hemiparesis.

The most common type, accounting for about 60%. Hemiplegia affects the ipsilateral face and limbs, and the degree of paralysis is approximately equal without sensory deficits, visual field changes, or speech impairments.

2) dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome.

In about 20%, it presents with dysarthria, dysphagia, paralysis on the opposite side of the lesion, mild weakness of the hand, and fine motor impairment.

3) Pure sensory stroke.

Approximately 10% of patients present with hemisensory impairment and may be accompanied by paresthesias.

4) Ataxia hemiparesis.

Presents with hemiparesis with ataxia of the limb on the side of paralysis, often with lower limbs heavier than upper limbs.

4. Cerebral watershed infarction.

There may be central hemiplegia and hemiplegia, hemianopia, mental disorders, strong grip reflex, cortical sensory disorders, hemiplegia, etc. The clinical manifestations of different infarct sites are different.

The manifestations of cerebral infarction symptoms are diverse, as follows:

1. Head and facial manifestations: patients may see things clearly or have double shadows when they see things, and the corners of the mouth are crooked, such as drooling, unclear speech, completely unable to speak or unable to understand other people's speech;

2. Limb manifestations: patients may have a single limb or unilateral limb hypoesthesia, including numbness, weakness or both, in addition to dizziness, poor balance, and crooked walking;

3. Consciousness: more severe cerebral infarction may have changes in consciousness, such as drowsiness, large-scale cerebral infarction, and even coma;

4. Respiration: changes in respiratory rhythm.

The cause of cerebral infarction is mainly due to the blockage of the blood vessels that give blood to the brain, resulting in ischemia and necrosis of brain cells, so it should be called cerebral infarction rather than cerebral infarction. At present, it is believed that the cause of cerebral infarction in most patients is atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis is a manifestation of human aging, so the causes of atherosclerosis are divided into artificially uncontrollable causes and artificially controllable causes.

The main reasons for man-made uncontrollable are gender, race, family history and age, men are generally more common than women, yellow people have more cerebral infarctions, and white people have more coronary heart disease. In addition, patients with a family history of hereditary history may have more reasons for their children to have cerebral infarction. There is also the fact that we have lived to a high enough age, and advanced age is the main cause of cerebral infarction, which is innate and beyond our control.

The main causes of artificially controllable are the three highs, namely hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. There are also unhealthy lifestyles, such as smoking, alcoholism, lack of exercise, obesity, and irregular sleep schedules, which may be the cause of cerebral infarction. So we must control this artificially controllable risk factor.

Tremors in the legs, possibly muscle spasms or nervous shaking. A sudden increase in the amount of exercise may cause muscle strain, spasms, and shaking, which can be slowly relieved by massaging with hot compresses and paying attention to rest. If the shaking lasts for a long time, it is necessary to consider whether there is Parkinson's disease and go to the hospital for a CT scan of the brain.

At the same time, it is necessary to observe whether the patient's walking is affected and rule out the cause of brain injury, you can go to the neurology department for examination, or see a Chinese medicine doctor through acupuncture.

The clinical manifestations of cerebral infarction are briefly described.

A:The clinical symptoms are complex and diverse, depending on the location of the lesion, the speed and size of thrombosis, and the status of collateral circulation, etc., and can be manifested as motor disorders, sensory disorders, hunger and speech disorders, visual impairments, etc.

1) Internal carotid artery system involvement. Triple hemisphere signs (contralateral hemiplegia, hemisensory impairment, homotropic hemianopia) may be present, aphasia may be present in dominant hemisphere involvement, and body image disturbance may be present in non-dominant hemisphere lesions; Central facial tongue palsy, urinary retention, or urinary incontinence may also occur.

2) Vertebrone-basilar artery system involvement. Vertigo, ocular globar tremor, diplopia, cross paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, ataxia, etc., and various clinical syndromes such as dorsolateral bulbar syndrome and limb atresia syndrome can also occur. If severe occlusion of the basilar artery trunk leads to extensive pontine infarction, it can manifest as quadriplegia, bilateral miosis, impaired consciousness, hyperthermia, and often rapid death.

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