In ancient times, what was the main composition of the military food in the grain and grass during t

Upstairs is only the problem of forage, and there is not much difference in the forage eaten by livestock in different periods, but there are differences in the military rations of different nationalities and armies in different periods.

In terms of diet, steppe nomads differ from forest hunters. The horses, cattle, sheep and camels raised by nomadic herders are not only the means of production, but also the main means of subsistence, and their meat and milk are the main food of the herdsmen. At the same time, it is also prey, such as rabbits, deer, wild boars, yellow rats, yellow sheep and so on.

Sheep are the most common livestock, followed by cattle. The food method is a fire, and cooking is the main thing. Poor eaters use dry meat, etc.

According to the "Qiantang Anecdotes", "the Tatars eat more horses, cows, milk and goat cheese and eat less; Hunger eats meat. ”

During the march, the Mongolian soldiers used iron brackets to barbecue whole sheep to eat, which may be the prototype of roasting whole sheep now.

And bacon eaten in the march! (Similar to today's sausages, yo sun-dried, processed with salt, etc.) They don't have to be as troublesome to eat as the Han army, and they're nutritious.

And when they marched and fought, they were accompanied by a large number of cattle and horses. And the family is cooking for them! The days are much stronger than the Han army!

And the Han army mainly eats rice, noodles and other grains! They are a lot more troublesome to transport and eat than the nomadic ones! The Qin people fought against the Huns outside, and one person's grain and grass had to be transported by 9 people.

It is straw and straw, bran, etc., which are used to feed cattle and horses! In ancient times, armies mainly relied on oxen and horses to transport supplies.

As the saying goes, if the three armies do not move, the grain and grass go first. This sentence is very apt to describe the army food in ancient times. So what?

In ancient times, if you need to fight, you need a large number of people to supplement the army, and when there are many people, food will become a problem, so when the army has not yet started, you must first determine the problem of food, if the food is not enough, this is a very troublesome thing, it is to go to war with hunger, and it is very likely to produce mutiny, therefore, sufficient food is an important means to appease the army. So, how did the grain and grass soldiers solve the food problem? Let's take a look.

Grain and grass soldiers to solve the food problem depends on the situation If there is a need to fight, at this time the grain and grass soldiers must first protect the food, and before the other armies officially set off, transport the food to the place where the war is needed, set up camp, before departure, they will light the amount of food, calculate the amount of daily need, if there are other circumstances, to report to the commander in time, and in the process of transportation, there will be some food will be lost, such as the food dropped, Or the soldiers themselves need to eat, so they will prepare more food when preparing food to offset the food lost on the way.

If you don't fight, generally speaking, the food stored in the barracks can not be used, the ancient army's food problem will generally be solved by itself, in ancient times, the implementation of a tuntian system, if you need to fight, these soldiers will be temporarily conscripted, and then go to join the army to fight, if you don't need to fight, these soldiers will be incarnated as farmers to participate in the production of food, this system is called tuntian, that is, why the army can solve the problem of eating by itself when not fighting. Of course, some of the grain produced in peacetime, in addition to the consumption of their own army, they will also store the surplus grain in case of emergency.

This is the ancient grain and grass soldiers' way to solve the problem of grain and grass, generally speaking, there are two ways for the imperial court to allocate grain and produce grain by themselves.

They often apply for a certain amount of food from the imperial court, and there are some people who are responsible for delivering news in the process of fighting, so in this case, they can also give certain food subsidies to these soldiers in time.

These people generally hoard a lot of food before the war, and in the process of fighting, the state will also give corresponding food subsidies, and sometimes they will go to the enemy army to rob and search the people.

They turned out to be grain and grass soldiers, and they must have grain and grass in their hands, and they can solve the problem of grain and grass while walking, and as for the back and forth, they will reserve it.

In ancient times, wars were often fought for grain first, and then the imperial court unified the dispatch, and then the grain and grass soldiers needed to collect and transport the grain.

When they traveled, they would carry a lot of grain and grass, and after eating, these soldiers would eat tree bark, grass roots, insects, and so on.

Grain and grass soldiers were supplied by eating the grain transported, often sending ten catties, and nine catties were used for transportation.

The important role of food in warfare.

When the enemy and the enemy are facing each other and the victory is difficult to distinguish for a while, whoever has enough food will be able to hold on to the final victory. This understanding is undoubtedly reasonable.

The ancients said: "The people take food as the sky" (see "Hanshu Li Shiqi Biography").

The history of social development shows that without food, human beings not only cannot survive, but simply cannot do anything. Fighting a war is also inseparable from food, and only when the troops are well fed can they have the strength to fight against the enemy. If an army starves due to lack of food, it is impossible to win the war.

It can be seen that food is the indispensable and primary material condition for the war to be waged and to be won. Therefore, in ancient wars, all wise generals attached great importance to the important role of grain in achieving victory in battle, and did everything possible to protect their own food sources and destroy the enemy's food sources. The famous military strategist Cao Cao is a prominent example.

In the fifth year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (200 AD), Cao Cao's army fought against Yuan Shao's army in the battle of Guandu, and one of the important reasons why Cao Cao was able to defeat the strong with the weak and win a decisive victory against Yuan Shao's army was that he understood the vital importance of food to the victory or defeat of the war, so he adopted the suggestion of the general Xu Yu in time, and personally led the army to burn down Yuan Shao's Wuchaotun grain station, so that a large number of grain and straw materials that Yuan Shao's army relied on to live and fight were suddenly turned into ashes, forcing Yuan Shao to abandon his armor.

fled, thus laying the foundation for the final victory over Yuan Shaojun.

Grain and grass refers to the army's logistical supply, and grain and grass are not only grain and forage, but also include food, clothing, and many other supplies To put it simply, grain is the grain that the army eats, and grass is the fodder that war horses eat To organize an army with strong combat effectiveness, logistical support is very important Therefore, in ancient times, the use of troops has always emphasized that grain and grass go first before the soldiers and horses are moved.

Classmates, grain and grass are supplies, if an army does not have supplies, then how can they fight, if the soldiers have nothing to eat, who still has the strength to fight, isn't there a lot of grain and grass burned in history that led to defeat.

The so-called "three armies have not moved, grain and grass first" In ancient wars, grain and grass were crucial. Tacticians fight for military strength in war. What strategists fight for in war is food and grass, which can also be said to be logistics.

Typical battle example: The Battle of Guandu. Cao Cao's surprise attack on Yuan Shao's grain and grass camp directly led to the defeat of Yuan Shao's army of 700,000.

The "baggage" in grain and grass baggage was originally a term used in ancient military affairsIt means that the ordnance, food and grass, clothing and other materials carried by the transport troops are later expanded to social aspects.

Grain and grass baggage includes grain and grass, clothing and quilts, **, equipment and other things, which actually also contains vehicles for the transportation of military supplies, tools.

Grain is mainly food for soldiers and forage for livestock, and theoretically there should be some reserves of clean fresh water.

This includes the whole piece and accessories for replacement, such as the cluster and shaft of the bow and arrow; The head and shaft of the knife and gun, as well as the shield and some other **. Of course, there are also large equipment, such as siege vehicles, ladders, cannons, etc.

In addition to these, support equipment such as tents, lighting and siege oil, kitchen utensils, fences, etc. These support equipment needs to be maintained by the support troops, mainly by the transport troops and various craftsmen.

In ancient times, baggage was all the military supplies and living materials of the army. The troop baggage for transporting military supplies is calledBaggage troops。In modern times, baggage also refers to all military supplies and daily necessities of the army.

This includes transport vehicles and food, but grass does not count. Baggage troops are now generally referred to as logistics troops.

Therefore, it is said that the baggage troops are used in ancient times, mainly to provide camp tents and food support for the front-line soldiers, which is now the logistics force.

Baggage, all military supplies of the army, daily necessities. Grain and grass, clothing, clothing, equipment, etc., grain and grass are grain and forage, medicines, etc. Meat is bought fresh or air-dried.

The specific value of grain and grass is the food, medicine, equipment and other supplies needed for the war, which are the necessary items for the war.

The term used in the military was later extended to the social aspect. Ancient: baggage, all military supplies of the army, daily necessities. Grain, grass, clothing, quilts, equipment, etc., in fact, also include vehicles and tools for loading and transporting military supplies.

In addition to the food and clothing used, the grain and grass on the ancient battlefield also included some armaments**, as well as medical supplies.

There are a lot of grains and grasses, clothing, quilts, equipment, medical herbs, eating tools, etc., and they are also an important part of the ancient battlefield.

Grain and grass baggage specifically refers to all the materials that soldiers needed to fight in ancient times, such as food, clothing, medicine, weapons, etc.

Baggage is a very important thing, including the things used in the army, and in today's terms, it is the necessities of life.

Grain and grass refer to all the materials that ancient soldiers needed to fight, including food, clothing, medicine, weapons, etc.

The food and grass that is not on the battlefield refers to the food, drink, clothing, and medicine used after the march and battle.

What you need to fight a war is not only food and grass, but also medicines, clothes, equipment, etc., all of which must be prepared in order to have the confidence to fight.

Grain and grass refer to the logistical supply of the army.

In the ancient march, grain and grass were not only food and forage, but also food, clothing, medicine, and many other aspects of the army's necessities.

"Grain" is the grain eaten by the army, and "grass" is the fodder eaten by the war horses.

In order to organize an army with strong combat effectiveness, logistical support is very important, so in ancient times, it was always emphasized that "before the soldiers and horses are moved, grain and grass go first."

Grain and forage for the military.

Grass is generally the food of war horses and livestock, and grain is only eaten by people.

Grain, such as rice, corn, etc.

It's like rice and gas today.

Grain and grass, as the name suggests, is the grain that people eat and the forage that horses eat.

Grain and grass are explained separately, forage is prepared for war horses, and the type of grain is not simple rice, the ancient people mainly based on pasta, easy to store and carry, after simple processing, it becomes the so-called dry food, carry a part with you, and transport a part.

Dry food is mainly millet, dry cakes, pot helmets, jerky, wild vegetables, etc., millet as our main food crops in ancient times, millet and its products have become a relatively common military food. It's just that the above three are mixed with vegetables, beans and even meat to cook into a large pot of thick porridge, which is easy to make and easy to eat.

The staple food of the Mongolian army is mutton jerky, the mutton is cooked and dried, and it can be eaten immediately, and the Mongolian soldiers basically eat jerky while drinking mare's milk wine on horseback, and the marching speed remains the same.

Ancient methods of harvesting grain (take wheat as an example):

The simplest is to roll the ears of wheat and twist the wheat by hand; Later, it fell, and wheat came out; Later, by pulling and pressing the oxen to produce wheat; Now it's the harvester that harvests the wheat directly.

Grain and grass are divided into two parts, grain for people to eat, and grass for horses. Taken together, they are called grain and grass.

In ancient wars, soldiers and generals could not do without food. Generals and other generals are inseparable from war horses, and war horses are inseparable from forage. So called"The soldiers and horses did not move, and the grain and grass went first"。

Because in ancient times, grain and grass included not only grain, but also grass. In ancient wars, the three armies did not move, and the grain and grass went first because fighting not only required manpower, but also livestock. People need to eat grain, and animals need to eat grass, so it is called grain and grass.

Grain and grass include the grain eaten by people, and also include the forage to be eaten by war horses, so they are called grain and grass together, which is the common material of soldiers and war horses.

When it comes to grain and grass, China's ancient classic military book "The Art of War" has used a large space to introduce the content of grain and grass, and even the number of times grain is transported has a precise limit, and the impact of the lack of military food is clearly stated, this military book from the pre-Qin era is not only a must-read for soldiers in all dynasties of our country, but also recognized as an introductory book by soldiers from all over the world. In such a military book, grain and grass are so important, it can be seen that this grain and grass is really the thing that determines victory or defeat.

Thanks to the costume TV series, the grain and grass seem to be just a bunch of grass, once when I was a child, I thought that the ancient soldiers ate grass, which seemed to be similar to cattle and sheep, but in fact, the real situation is not the case.

The ancient grain and grass is actually the general name of grain and straw (in fact, it is alfalfa), the grain is for the soldiers to eat, the straw is for the war horse to eat, in the ancient war horse status even more than the general infantry, especially in the Central Plains Dynasty, the war horse is more precious. As the only fast-moving force in ancient times, war horses have the ability to exert the so-called mobility only if they are well fed.

Ancient war horses eat not ordinary grass but alfalfa, a plant produced in Central Asia, after the Central Plains Dynasty introduced the Western Regions war horse, it also introduced this plant by the way, which is also the main way for alfalfa to enter the Central Plains.

Before the Song Dynasty, the main military food of soldiers was millet, which is commonly known as millet, because the yield of millet is relatively high, and the annual output is relatively stable, so it can be used as military food, but the energy contained in millet is relatively low, and the amount of food in ancient times is relatively large, so a soldier has to eat 2 stone grain every month.

It is precisely because of the huge amount of military food that in ancient times, whenever there was a war, the military food had to be transported to the battlefield in advance, so there was a famous saying of the soldiers: "Soldiers and horses go first before grain and grass are moved".

However, even if grain and grass are hoarded in advance, in the protracted war, the rate of grain and grass consumption is very alarming, which requires the rear to continuously raise grain and grass and then transport it to the front, so there is also a strategy to cut off the grain route. In ancient times, once the food was cut off, the morale of the army would be in turmoil within three days, and no matter how many soldiers and horses there were, they would be vulnerable.

Compared with ancient times, the possibility of cutting off the grain route in modern warfare is very small, this is because there are many ways to transport military food in modern warfare (such as: air transportation), and there are many ways to store military food (such as: canned food), ancient soldiers are unable to carry millet around, while modern soldiers can carry all kinds of canned meat around, so in modern warfare, military food has long become one of the individual equipment, even if a person is in the depths of the jungle, he can also bury his own pot to feed his head.

However, whether in ancient or modern times, military rations are still the top priority, and an army without food also has no fighting spirit and will to fight.