What are the main pathological factors for the onset of lung distension?

The lungs are the main organs of human respiration, located on both sides of the thoracic septum, and lung disease is usually a condition that causes lung dysfunction and pathological changes under the influence of internal and external factors. In daily life, there are many factors that can cause lung disease, such as congenital factors or acquired smoking, infection, air pollution, and other aspects can lead to lung disease.

1. Congenital factors:

If you have congenital lung disease, it may usually be related to genes and development, such as congenital lung hypoplasia, pulmonary sequestration, congenital lung balloon, thoracic malformation, pulmonary vascular malformation, etc., a series of congenital diseases will lead to lung involvement, resulting in lung disease.

2. Acquired factors:

1. Smoking: It is a clinically recognized high-risk factor for lung disease, because tobacco contains harmful chemical components, and long-term smoking will harm airway epithelial cells and ciliary movement, resulting in asthma, lung cancer and other lung diseases;

2. Infection: If you are repeatedly infected by bacteria and viruses, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, etc., it may cause pneumonia or induce respiratory failure. In addition, patients may also cause respiratory tract infections and airway diseases, such as bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc., which are also important causes of lung disease;

3. Air pollution: due to being in relatively polluted air for a long time, such as coal mines, mines, etc., inhaling dust and particles for a long time, it is easy to develop occupational lung diseases;

4. Other conditions: such as aspiration pneumonia caused by coughing and aspiration, or patients with organic lesions, such as diabetes, liver cirrhosis, etc., resulting in low immune function and increasing the risk of pneumonia, in addition, patients have tracheal intubation, tracheostomy, nasogastric feeding, and irrational use of antibiotics and hormones, etc., will increase the risk of pneumonia infection in patients.

For patients with lung disease, it is recommended to add clothes in time when it is cold to avoid bronchial mucosal vasoconstriction and lung disease after cold. Participate in outdoor activities as much as possible, and take walks, tai chi, abdominal breathing exercises in sunny weather, and persist in long-term exercise, which can improve the body's immune function and improve lung function. In addition, it is advisable to avoid places with dirty air and maintain a well-ventilated living environment, and it is recommended to quit smoking for patients who smoke.

Lung distension is a syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine, which refers to a variety of chronic lung diseases that are reversed and prolonged, resulting in lung bloating, lung spleen and kidney deficiency, and unfavorable airway stagnation, resulting in chest fullness. It is equivalent to chronic cor pulmonale, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc. in modern medicine.

From the perspective of modern medicine, lung distension is a manifestation of chronic non-specific inflammation of the airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary blood vessels, which often causes airflow restriction and an increase in the amount of residual gas in the lungs, resulting in symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, and dyspnea. Lung distension is more common in elderly men, especially those with a long-term smoking history, manifested as chest tightness, wheezing, coughing, palpitations, irritability, aggravation during activities, severe cases with dull complexion, bruising of the lips and nails, swelling of the face and limbs, long course of disease, difficult to **.

**When the lungs are distended, bronchodilators or glucocorticoids can be used according to the condition, and smoking cessation is an important measure to prevent this disease. Daily physical exercise should be strengthened to enhance physical fitness and help patients improve their poor physical condition.

The common cause of lung distension is lung infection, which can lead to cough, sputum production, increased secretions, and sputum accumulation in the bronchi and terminal bronchi, which can lead to the corresponding lung lobes and lung segments causing atelectasis, lung swelling and other manifestations.

Lung distension is a traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis, similar to Western medicine chronic bronchia, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease and other diseases. The reason is lung infection caused by various pathogens, which causes a large number of local neutrophils, macrophages, chemokines, etc. to aggregate, and the secretions increase, which accumulate in the terminal bronchi, causing some corresponding atelectasis, lung consolidation and other manifestations.

The common cause of lung distension is lung infection, lung infection caused by various pathogens, which can cause cough, sputum production, increased sputum, increased secretions, and increased sputum accumulation in the bronchi and terminal bronchi, which can lead to the corresponding lung lobes and lung segments causing atelectasis, lung swelling and other manifestations;

In pathology, it will cause the aggregation of a large number of macrophages, neutrophils, chemokines, etc. in local parts, causing some corresponding atelectasis, lung consolidation and other manifestations.

In this case, anti-infection, expectorant, expectorant drainage, etc.** are mainly carried out, and when the secretion is gradually reduced, the lung distension will gradually improve.

Answer]: The pathological factors of lung distension are mainly phlegm turbidity, water drinking and blood stasis, which are also diseases. The lung distension syndrome is always a specimen and a real specimen, but there is a difference between the real and the false, so it is necessary to distinguish the priority of the specimen.

Generally, when feeling evil, it is biased towards the evil reality, and usually biased towards the original and void. Those who are partial to the substance must distinguish between phlegm turbidity, water drinking, and blood stasis. In the early stage, phlegm and turbidity are the mainstay, and gradually phlegm and stasis are equally important, and qi stagnation and water drinking are also mixed.

In the later stage, phlegm and stasis are strong, and the righteous qi is weakened, and the original deficiency and the standard are equally important. In the early stage, the deficiency is mainly qi deficiency, or the deficiency of qi and yin is the answer, and the disease is in the lungs, spleen, and kidneys; In the later stage, qi deficiency and yang, and even yin and yang deficiency can be seen, and the fluid lesions are mainly in the lungs, kidneys, and heart.

Answer]: A In the early stage of lung distention, phlegm turbidity is the mainstay, and Peifeng gradually has both phlegm and stasis, and can also suffer from qi stagnation and mixed water drinking. In the later stage of the sedan hail, the phlegm and stasis are flourishing, the righteousness is matched with the sail and the weakness, and the deficiency and the standard are equally important.

Pulmonary emphysema refers to a pathological condition in which the peripheral lung tissue distal to the bronchioles of the respiratory tube is permanently dilated due to the increase of residual air volume, accompanied by the destruction of the alveolar septum, resulting in the weakening of the elasticity of the lung tissue and the increase of volume.

a) ** and pathogenesis:

1. Obstructive ventilation disorder.

2. Xiangbei Qi elastase increases and increases activity.

2) Types and characteristics of their lesions:

1. Alveolar emphysema.

1) Acinar ** emphysema:

2) Panacinar emphysema:

3) Peracinar emphysema:

2. Interstitial emphysema: due to the rupture of the alveolar wall or bronchiole wall, gas escapes into the pulmonary interstitium, forming a bead-shaped small gas vesicle at the junction of the interlobular septum and the lung membrane, which is distributed under the lung membrane.

iii) Pathological changes:

1. Naked eye: the lungs are significantly enlarged, the edges are blunt and round, the color is grayish, the rib indentation is often visible on the surface, the lung tissue is soft and the elasticity is poor, the indentation after acupressure is not easy to fade, and the twist of touch is enhanced.

2. Microscopy: alveolar dilation, septum narrowing, alveolar pores expanding, alveolar septum rupture, and dilated alveoli fuse into larger cysts. Chronic inflammation can be seen in the small bronchi and bronchioles.

4) Clinicopathological linkage: shortness of breath, chest tightness and rolling lead. When combined with respiratory tract infection, a series of symptoms such as hypoxia and acidosis may occur.

The anteroposterior diameter of the thorax is enlarged, and it is barrel-shaped. Decreased thoracic breathing movements. Percussion shows hyperresonance, cardiac dullness narrows or disappears, and hepatic dullness decreases.

Decreased voice tremor. Decreased breath sounds and prolonged expiratory breath on auscultation. Pulmonary heart disease can be secondary to severe cases, and respiratory failure and pulmonary encephalopathy may occur in severe cases.