Briefly describe the concept and classification of atrophy, and what types of pathological atrophy a

Atrophy, which refers to the reduction in size of normally developing cells, tissues, or organs, is called atrophy.

Atrophy is not the same as hypoplasia and underdevelopment, which refer to tissues or organs that have not developed to their normal size, or are in a state of non-development at all.

Classification: 1. Malnutrition atrophy: caused by insufficient protein intake or excessive blood consumption.

2. Compressive atrophy: caused by long-term compression of tissues or organs.

3. Disuse atrophy: caused by long-term decline in organ function and metabolism.

4. Denervation atrophy: atrophy of effectors caused by motor neuron or axonal damage.

5. Endocrine atrophy: atrophy of target organ cells due to the decline of endocrine gland function.

b. Atrophy is divided into physiological atrophy and pathological atrophy. C is physiological atrophy, B is not atrophied, but only thinned because of cavities, the concept of atrophy: the volume of a normally developed cell, tissue or organ is reduced, often accompanied by reduced function and reduced energy requirements.

The mechanism of atrophy is not yet well understood, and it may be mainly involved in the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Atrophy is first of all a decrease in the size of cells, and thus the volume of tissues or organs composed of atrophic cells is also reduced, and it is often accompanied by a decrease in the number of cells and metabolic rate.

Reduced and diminished function.

Cause change. Atrophied cells, tissues, organs are reduced in size, weight, darkened, organelles.

Massive degradation. Lipofuscin granules, which are rich in phospholipids that are not thoroughly digested within the cell, may occur in the cytoplasm of atrophic cells.

The remains of organelles.

Atrophic cells have decreased protein synthesis, increased breakdown, or both. Most of the functions of atrophied cells and tissues and organs are reduced, and by reducing the volume of cells with reduced blood supply, they are made in nutrition, hormones, and growth factors.

The stinging of this stimulates neurotransmitters.

A new balance has been struck.

After removal, cells with mild pathological atrophy may return to normal, and cells with persistent atrophy may eventually die. At the same time as parenchymal cells atrophy, mesenchymal fibroblasts.

and fat cells can proliferate, and even cause the volume of organs and tissues to increase, which is called pseudohypertrophy.

Answer: B First of all, atrophy is divided into physiological atrophy and pathological atrophy. Pathological atrophy is further divided into 5 types:

Malnutrition atrophy (which is further divided into two types: systemic dystrophic atrophy and localized dystrophic atrophy), compressive atrophy, denervation atrophy, apraxia atrophy (also called disuse atrophy) containment, endocrine atrophy.

a is oppressive atrophy; c is physiological atrophy; d is denervation atrophy; E is systemic dystrophic atrophy.

Atrophy is divided into physiological atrophy and pathological atrophy: there are dystrophic atrophy, compressive atrophy, denervation atrophy, apraxia atrophy, and endocrine atrophy, respectively!

Dystrophic atrophy, compressive atrophy, denervation atrophy, apraxia atrophy, endocrine atrophy (can be abbreviated as loss of oxygen partial pressure).

Answer] :d analysis: Atrophy is an adaptive change, and the lesion is recoverable after removing the allergy slag hand cause.

The parenchymal cells of atrophic organs are reduced, the number of interstitial cells increases, the volume of atrophic cells decreases, the organelles of the trabeculae are reduced, and the function is reduced. Master the knowledge points of "bridging hypopathy change".

Answer]: There are five types of atrophy: dystrophic atrophy, neuropathic atrophy, apraxia atrophy, compressive atrophy and endocrine atrophy. To the naked eye, atrophied organs become smaller in size, lighter in weight, darker or brownish in color.

Under the number of light microscopes, the volume or number of parenchymal cells decreases, lipofuscin can be seen in the atrophied cells, and fibrous tissue hyperplasia or adipose tissue hyperplasia appears in the interstitium. Under electron microscopy, a large number of organelles degenerated, and more autophagic vesicles and residual bodies were seen, which were generally common in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes and adrenal dermal sail reticulums. Hail.

Answer]: Blockade sells malnutrition atrophy. For example, cerebral atrophy due to chronic ischemia during cerebral atherosclerosis; Systemic dystrophic atrophy caused by insufficient intake or excessive consumption of protein.

Jane teases oppressive atrophy. Such as kidney atrophy caused by hydronephrosis. Disuse atrophy.

Such as muscle atrophy when lying still for a long time. Denervation atrophy. Such as muscle atrophy due to brain or spinal cord injury.

Endocrine atrophy. Such as adrenal gland atrophy. The atrophied organs and tissues are reduced in size, weight, darkened, fibrous tissue proliferates, and the texture becomes cracked and hard.

Malnutrition.

Nerving. Apraxia oppressive.

Endocrine. Aging and damage.