The beginning of modern times in Europe was not the beginning of the Renaissance

There are many theories about the beginning of modern European history, but the Chinese secondary school textbooks still use the name of the English bourgeois revolution of 1640.

But in recent years, a number of other arguments have emerged that have challenged this view.

1. The British bourgeois revolution: This is the viewpoint of Chinese middle school history textbooks, and its theoretical basis is Marx.

In The Bourgeoisie and the Counter-Revolution, he argues that "the revolutions of 1640 and 1789 were not the revolutions of England and the revolutions of France; This is a European-wide revolution. ......These two revolutions reflected not only the demands of the region in which they took place, namely England and France, but, to a much greater extent, the demands of the whole world at that time". According to Marx's exposition, the English bourgeois revolution can be regarded as the beginning of modern world history.

2. The Dutch Revolution: This view holds that the study of capitalism in modern world history is the study of capitalism.

A history of generation, development, and decline. And the Dutch revolution was the beginning of the development of capitalism.

Century Theory: According to this view, the modern history of Europe is not equal to the modern history of the world. Although the modern history of Europe began in the 15th century, it was not until the 19th century that the Industrial Revolution in the West occurred.

The formation of the ability of extremely large industrial productive forces to spread on a global scale is the export of commodities and the export of capital. So the 19th century was the beginning of the modern history of the whole world.

Most historians today believe that the year 1500 is the beginning of the world's modern history, and a series of major events around 1500, such as the great geographical discoveries.

Renaissance, Reformation.

and so on, which led to the development of capitalism in the West, which caused major socio-economic changes throughout the world.

The European Renaissance refers to the one that arose in Italian cities at the end of the 13th century and later spread to Western European countries, and flourished in Europe in the 16th century.

The ideological and cultural movement, which brought about a period of scientific and artistic revolution and opened the prelude to the history of modern Europe, is considered to be the Middle Ages and the Modern Era.

of the demarcation.

The end of the Middle Ages is often considered to be the end of the Hundred Years' War in 1453 and the Renaissance that began in the mid-15th century, but this is certainly not a strict criterion.

It is also believed that the Industrial Revolution marked the beginning of modern times in Europe.

Renaissance or the English Revolution of 1640, two versions.

The Renaissance and Reformation voyages.

It begins with Columbus' discovery of the New World.

The fall of Junbao was marked by the beginning of the Renaissance.

If you sprout it......Maybe it sprouted from Magna Carta, well......Personal speculation.

Renaissance China was the Ming Dynasty.

The Renaissance refers to a European intellectual and cultural movement that took place between the 14th and 16th centuries and reflected the demands of the emerging bourgeoisie.

The concept of "Renaissance" was used by Italian humanist writers and scholars in the 14th and 17th centuries. At that time, it was believed that literature and art had flourished in the classical ages of Greece and Rome, but decayed and disappeared in the "Dark Ages" of the Middle Ages, and it was not until the 14th century that it was "reborn" and "revived", hence the name "Renaissance".

The Renaissance began in Italian cities and spread to Western Europe, culminating in the 16th century, bringing with it a period of scientific and artistic revolution that marked the beginning of modern European history, and is considered to be the boundary between the Middle Ages and the modern era. The Renaissance was one of the three major emancipation movements (Renaissance, Reformation and Enlightenment) in modern Western Europe.

Dante (Italy). He is known as the last poet of the Middle Ages and at the same time the first poet of the New Era. He wrote the long poem "The Divine Comedy", which clearly expressed his disgust with the Catholic Church and was the first to criticize the Church.

Leonardo da Vinci (Italy). He combined artistic creation and scientific exploration, and created many perfect and vivid characters, fully embodying the spirit of humanism, and his representative works include "The Last Supper" and "Mona Lisa".

William Shakespeare. He was a literary giant of the Renaissance and wrote more than 30 plays and many popular poems in his lifetime. These works profoundly criticize feudal morality and ethics and social bad habits, and embody the spirit of humanism, and their representative works include "Hamlet", "Romeo and Juliet", and "The Merchant of Venice".