Psychology Classroom After Reading Author: Cheng Yujie Mental Classroom

Psychology.

Chapter 1: The History of Psychology P1-16

This book is relatively thick and large, and I have the courage to read this book, and I also admire myself, and I hope to be able to read it persistently.

The first chapter focuses on the history of psychology: what is psychology? Early psychology on the battle between innate and acquired.

In Europe, before the 17th century, people who were considered to belong to the Zen Society were confined in institutions such as the Lunatic Asylum, including the mentally ill, the disabled, criminals, and vagrants.

The doctor will give them medicine made of shrubs and herbs to induce vomiting. Most patients are chained, chained to a wall or trapped in a straitjacket.

In 1793, the French physician Pinel stopped giving laxatives and bloodletting to patients, and adopted the method of communicating with patients and allowing them to participate in a series of activities. Start moralizing**.

York**, using the inhibitive method, believes that phlebotomy is an effective method of sedating psychopaths.

In the early 18th century, the psychiatrist John Canori advocated non-inhibition** and encouraged physicians to write case studies to document the psychological and social context of their patients.

The father of behaviorism, the American psychologist John B. Watson, emphasized the importance of experience. Behaviorists therefore seek to explain all aspects of behavior in terms of facts, whether human or animal, and according to the laws of learning, behaviorists propose two models: classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

Psychologist Thorndike proposed operant conditioning, arguing that animals tend to repeat behaviors that lead to positive results, which he calls the law"Effect rate"。According to the law, the rewarded behavior will be repeated, and the punished behavior will gradually disappear. This manipulative conditioning is the main method used in acrobatic troupes or movies to train animals to perform tricks.

In teaching, we also often see the application of the principle of operant conditioning. For example, in kindergarten, when the children behaved well, the teacher would put a smile on him or reward him with a little red flower.

Of course, as school age increases, this approach becomes less and less applicable to older students. Learning should be autonomous, not rewarded.

There is no absolute answer to the heated debate between innate and acquired. Modern genetic research focuses on two important questions:

The first is a fundamental question in Darwin and Galton's studies, focusing on the origins of differences.

The second is the effort of behavioral geneticists to uncover why there are differences between people and what are the origins of these differences? Are they due to genetic differences between people, or are they due to differences in environment?

I think both genes and the environment have something to do with each other.