Rice semi arid cultivation is widely used, what are the advantages of rice semi arid cultivation?

Select high-quality rice varieties, soak seeds with well water for 8 hours, dance 2 nights of bud white, break the seedbed, put phosphine, general calcium, level the ground, prepare rotten leaves, bamboo whip, plastic film 2 meters. Soaking seeds: soaking seeds with prochloraz or agents containing this ingredient is used to prevent the occurrence of seedling disease.

The method is to first pour the medicine (be sure to use it strictly according to the instructions) into the container where the rice seeds are ready to be soaked, and then pour 10-15 water and stir thoroughly.

<> bed flat permeability, adjust the bottom fertilizer, sprinkle the seeds evenly, the soil is not thick, cover the bottom film, remove the film from the seedlings, prevent roasted seedlings, ventilate, prevent oranges, and transplant seedlings Seedbed selection: The seedbed soil directly affects the success or failure of dry-fed large seedlings. Therefore, dry-bred seedlings must be selected with fertile soil, deep soil layer, loose and breathable, leeward to the sun, flat terrain, convenient management, good water source conditions of acidic dryland loamy soil and vegetable garden soil as seedbeds.

It is highly controllable and can be sown early in advance. Compared with water-raised seedlings, dry-raised seedlings can ensure the safety of seed buds when the climate drops suddenly or rains when they are sown early. Because after dry breeding and sowing, a layer of nutrient soil is covered with a leather roller to improve the cold resistance and rain erosion ability of the seedling buds.

Through the dry seedling raising in the greenhouse, transplanting can be carried out around the seedling age leaves, competing for more favorable accumulated temperature, conducive to the early maturity of rice, and can also effectively increase the yield and improve the rice yield. In the early 70s, the Tongnan area of Jiangsu Province changed from drought to water, that is, to plant dry grain crops for rice, and then the technology of dry seedling cultivation was adopted on a large scale.

These fields have a common characteristic, slow thawing in spring, once the frozen layer dissolves, it will not be conducive to field land preparation operations, and some serious plots are not suitable for mechanical planting, can only be planted manually, often such fields are not conducive to harvesting operations after autumn. Muddy fields are mostly distributed in mountainous valleys and low-lying hilly areas, and the muddy fields are impregnated by cold water for a long time, and the water temperature and soil temperature are low all year round, and the general light time is short, the soil is deep, and the rice roots are not firmly rooted, which affects the growth of rice.

Strengthen the activity of soil enzymes, promote the activity of aerobic microorganisms, and improve the ability of soil fertilizer supply. Due to the obvious improvement of the thermal condition and aeration conditions in the soil, the aerobic microorganisms in the soil are active, the total amount is 1 5 times more than that of the flat field, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) enzyme activity is high, the harm of soil reductant to the rice root is reduced, the exudate of the rice root is increased, and the enzyme activity of rhizosphere microorganisms is improved, which is conducive to the mineralization of organic matter in the soil and the transformation of mineral elements, the effective nutrients in the soil are increased, the organic nutrients are decomposed quickly, the organic nitrogen decomposition is fast, the nitrogen metabolism is strong, the soil nitrogen supply capacity is improved, and the transportation is also flexible.

In this way, the height can be adjusted according to the corresponding scale, and it can also be adjusted according to the growth stage of the rice, so that the method of infiltration irrigation can also be implemented, and then the yield of rice can also be increased.

Semi-arid planting refers to a planting method in which rice seedlings are planted or directly sown on both sides of the ridge or on the ridge surface according to the technical requirements and specifications in the paddy field, and the water level is adjusted according to the water requirements of different growth periods of rice, and the infiltration irrigation is implemented; It is a new rice planting technology based on the principle of natural no-tillage, the theory of soil biothermodynamics, and the advantages of rice direct seeding, which is suitable for all kinds of paddy fields, especially the application of deep-foot cold-soaked fields, rotten mud fields, and large fertilizer fields, and the effect is more significant. In the years, the national popularization area is 2-30 million mu, the average yield per mu increased by about 15%, the yield increase is obvious, and at the same time, it also provides a place for the comprehensive development of paddy fields and planting and breeding.

1.It will not rot the roots and reduce the loss of seedlings, 2It can absorb water slowly and continuously, which helps rice growth, 3It will not produce too much standing water, which will lead to pests and diseases, 4Ensure that the temperature difference is not large, 5Add nutrients to the soil.

The first is to save labor costs, reduce seedling raising, transplanting and other links, and greatly reduce labor; the second is to save water and fight drought, greatly reducing the waste of agricultural water resources; The third is to reduce non-point source pollution, that is, the pollution of the water environment by chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and methane and other gases released from rice fields.

Answer] :d the guarantee rate of irrigation design is generally 75% to 90% for rice, and 50% to 75% for bridge irrigation design in dry crop areas.

Upland rice is mainly waterlogged low-lying land, which is more suitable for dryland cultivation. There are strict requirements for land preparation, and attention should be paid to the shortage of forage. Nowadays, upland rice varieties are also relatively scarce. Today I will introduce the efficient cultivation technology of upland rice.

Breed selection. Upland rice varieties include Nongda upland rice 015, etc., which are not mildew and sterilized before sowing.

Fertilization of the land. In early May, the soil thaws 10-12cm, with base fertilizer, and ploughs 8-10cm with a rotary tiller to reach fine soil, or crushes the stubble with a stubble cutter. Upland rice requires 130 kg of pure nitrogen, 60 kg of pure phosphorus and 60 kg of pure potassium per hectare.

30-40 cubic meters of rotting farmhouse manure is required per hectare. According to the growth of upland rice, foliar fertilizer or micro-fertilizer should be sprayed at the tillering stage, booting and rolling stage and grain filling stage to promote the growth and development of upland rice, prevent premature senescence and improve yield.

Improve sowing quality.

1) sowing period: the ground temperature is stable more than 10, it is advisable to sow seeds, generally sowing in early and mid-May, and the specific sowing time should be determined according to local climatic conditions.

2) Sowing amount: on the basis of doing a good job in seed treatment, increase the sowing amount appropriately. The seedling emergence rate of upland rice is only 80%, and it is appropriate to increase the normal sowing rate by 20%. The sowing rate per hectare is generally 140 kg for dry seeds and 175 kg for wet seeds.

3) Sowing method: 60 cm wide ridge sowing, each ridge sowing 1 row, sowing 8-10 cm, first furrow sowing, ditch depth 4-5 cm, and then according to the amount of sowing and area evenly sown, stepping on the bottom grid, and finally covering the soil centimeters.

How to manage grasslands.

The chemical weeding of upland rice should be applied twice after sowing, before and after seedlings, in order to control grass shortage.

1) Sealing seedlings after sowing: After the soil is moist or rained, spraying butachlor and butachlor with water can control more than 98% of broad-leaved weeds and gramineous weeds.

2) Stem and leaf treatment after the seedling stage: the two leaves before spraying are prepared with Sun Yixin weeds. The control effect of broadleaf grass and grass weeds is more than 95%.

Pest and disease control.

1) Prevention and control of crickets: with basal fertilizer, 30kg of phosphine particles per hectare are applied to prevent crickets from eating seeds, ventilating the soil and dead seedlings.

2) Rice blast control: Fuji No. 1 knowable chain is controlled in the early stage of rice blast and 2-3 days after heading.

The above is the efficient cultivation technology of upland rice. Many farmers want to grow upland rice in low-lying waterlogged areas, so they can choose better varieties and master the above cultivation techniques to try planting first.

(1) Dry rice planting. That is, dry sowing is carried out in paddy fields, and no water layer is established at the seedling stage, and the water layer is gradually established or kept moist after 4 6 leaves. Its main technical points include:

Choose the right breed. The growth period of dry-planted dry-managed rice will be delayed, and local medium- and early-maturing varieties should be selected. Do a good job in seedling protection measures and plant them reasonably densely.

The first is fine land preparation, the second is seed disinfection, and the third is to improve the quality of sowing. Generally, each mu is a non-statutory unit of measurement. 1 acre 667 m2.

Editor's note] The sowing amount is about 10 kg, the row spacing is 25 30 cm, and the number of ears harvested per mu is 350,000 450,000. Weed control. A combination of manual and pesticide control methods are used to control weeds.

It must be properly irrigated and fertilized reasonably. At the beginning of rice tillering, young panicle differentiation to the end of milk maturity, when the soil moisture is insufficient, irrigation should be done in time, irrigation 3 5 times during the whole growth period, and the total water consumption per mu is about 200 m3.

2) Rice mulching moist cultivation. Rice mulching moist cultivation technology is a new technology to save water and increase temperature, weed control and disease, increase yield and income. The main technical points are the selection of excellent varieties, the selection of suitable mulch, the cultivation of strong seedlings with tillers, fine land preparation, the whole process of formula fertilization, timely and early planting, and the strengthening of field management.

In addition, there are also rice anhydrous layer cultivation, sparse sowing and large seedling late planting technology and late sowing and late transplanting cultivation technology.

About 2 3 varieties should be planted at the appropriate time in the year of severe water shortage, and excellent varieties with strong tillering ability, developed root system, compact plant type, both spike and grain, strong stress resistance and suitable maturity should be selected and planted at the appropriate time; The remaining 1 3 early-maturing and medium-early maturing varieties that are sensitive to temperature and light response should be selected for late sowing and late cutting, so as to make full use of local water resources.

Zhang Wenzhong).

The farming technique suitable for arid and semi-arid farming is no-till.

Conservation tillage, also known as no-tillage, is a new type of tillage technique compared to traditional sowing tillage. It is defined as "a tillage technique that covers the ground with a large amount of straw residue, reduces tillage to as long as it guarantees seed germination, and uses pesticides mainly to control weeds and pests and diseases".

Farming techniques that mainly use pesticides to control weeds and pests and diseases" This last rule is wrong. No-till has nothing to do with how weeds and pests are controlled, biological control is just as applicable as natural fertilization. In fact, the so-called no-tillage is originally to let the plants rot in the ground and act as fertilizer, which is itself a kind of natural fertilization.

Conservation tillage has not only become an effective measure to curb the generation of sand and dust storms, but also can reduce runoff, reduce evaporation, effectively increase soil water storage and fertilizer water, and become an effective means to improve crop yields. As a result, this technology quickly became popular all over the world.

According to a report provided by the Shanxi Agricultural Machinery Development Center, conservation tillage can reduce surface runoff by 50-60% and soil loss by about 80%; It can increase soil water storage by 16-19%; Improve water utilization efficiency by 12-16%; increase soil organic matter by 0 03-0 06%; increase food production by 13-16%; Reduce the operating cost by about 20%; Reduce sandstorms blown by strong winds by about 60%.