Spatial structure of sp3d2 hybridized molecules

There are inorganic chemistry books, a bit long, you refer to the literature yourself.

As follows:

1) Linear molecule with a central atom of sp hybridization, such as acetylene.

2) The molecule in the plane is shaped like ethylene, and the central atom is sp2 hybridized.

3) Space (normal) tetrahedron with central atom sp3 hybridization, such as carbon tetrachloride.

4) Spatial hexahedron (shaped like two spatial tetrahedra.

Bottom-to-bottom stitched together), the central atom is sp3d hybridized.

5) Space octahedron (shaped like two pyramids put together at the bottom of the bottom), the central atom is sp3d2 hybridized.

The spatial configuration of a molecule refers to the geometry of the spatial distribution of various groups or atoms in a molecule. The atoms in the molecule are not stacked together in a disorderly manner, but are combined as a whole according to a certain law, so that the molecule presents a certain geometric shape (i.e., spatial configuration) in space. If an intramolecular chemical bond is determined.

, then the geometric configuration of this molecule is established.

In 1940, Sidgwick N V and others in the United States successively proposed the theory of valence shell electron pair repulsion, referred to as VSEPR method, which is applicable to the main group elements.

ABN-type molecules or ions are formed.

According to this theory, the geometric configuration of atom b (coordination atom) arranged around the central atom A in a covalent molecule or ion is mainly determined by the mutual repulsion of electron pairs in the valence electron shell of the central atom. These electron pairs are arranged as far away from each other as possible around the central atom.

so that the rejection of each other can be the least regretful. The so-called valence shell electron pairs, which refer to the formation of bonds.

electron pairs and lone pairs of electrons. The presence of lone pairs of electrons, which increases the repulsive force between electron pairs, affects the bond angle in the molecule. will change the basic type of molecular configuration.

The sp3d2 hybrid space configuration isRegular octahedron

The hybridization involving 1 s orbital, 3 p orbitals and 2 d orbitals in the same atom is called sp3d2 hybridization, and 6 hybrid orbitals are formed.

Called sp3d2 hybrid orbital. Each contains 1 6 S components, 1 2 P components and 1 3 D components, the angle between the hybrid orbitals is 90°, and the spatial configuration is regular octahedron.

Process. SPD hybridization generally occurs during the formation of molecules. After hybridization occurs, one electron in the outermost S orbital of the atom and three electrons in the p orbital are excited to the d orbital, so that the atom that is about to undergo hybridization enters the excited state.

After that, the S orbital of this layer is hybridized with 3 P orbitals and 2 D orbitals. In this process, the s, p, and d orbitals with similar energies are superimposed, and different types of atomic orbitals are superimposed.

The energy is redistributed and the direction is adjusted to form 6 equivalent SPD orbitals.

It reads as follows:1) Linear molecule with a central atom of sp hybridization, such as acetylene.

2) The molecule in the plane is shaped like ethylene, and the central atom is sp2 hybridized.

3) Space (normal) tetrahedron with central atom sp3 hybridization, such as carbon tetrachloride.

4) Spatial hexahedron (shaped like two spatial tetrahedra.

Bottom-to-bottom stitched together), the central atom is sp3d hybridized.

5) Space octahedron (shaped like two pyramids with the bottom of the tower together at the bottom), and the central atom is sp3d2 hybridized.

There are also some things, such as "flat square" and "pyramid", etc., but I can't remember it for a while, but it is easy to find it, and it is found in many books.

SP: CO2 Linear Type.

sp2: SO3 triangle.

SP3: CH4 tetrahedron.

SP3D: PCL5 pentagonal bicone. Defeat only.

sp3d2: sf6 octahedron.

SP3D3: IF7 Pentagon Bicone.

Sp3 hybridizationThe spatial configuration isTetrahedron

Hybrid orbitals. The reason is that several orbitals with similar energies are combined to form a new orbital to enhance the bonding ability, and sp3 is formed by the combination of an s orbital and three p orbitals, which is mainly used to explain the problem that four bonds such as ch4 are equal to each other. If a molecule is sp3 hybridized, then its spatial configuration is tetrahedral.

Sp3 hybridization formation process

to methane. Example: ground state.

The paired 2S electrons in the C atom are disassembled, and one of the electrons runs to the slightly higher energy 2P orbital (pz empty orbital), a process called electron transition.

This is followed by hybridization, one 2S orbital and three 2P orbitals.

Generate 4 sp3 hybrid orbitals with equal energies. Because it is evenly mixed, each sp3 hybrid orbital contains 1 4s and 3 4 p orbital components, of which 1 is a single electron each. Finally, these 4 electrons are paired with 1S electrons in the 4 H atoms to form a (sigma) bond, thus forming CH4.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia--SP3 hybridization.